Kennel Cough in Dogs

Kennel Cough in Dogs If your dog is hacking away or constantly making noises that make it sound like they are choking on What is Kennel Cough? It often sounds like a goose honk.

Just as human colds may be caused by many different viruses, kennel cough itself can have multiple causes. One of the most common culprits is a bacterium called Bordetella bronchiseptica m-- which is why kennel cough is often called Bordetella. Most dogs that become infected with Bordetella are infected with a virus at the same time. These viruses, which are known to make dogs more susceptible to

contracting Bordetella infection, include canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpes virus, parainfluenza virus and canine reovirus. Dogs "catch" kennel cough when they inhale bacteria or virus particles into their respiratory tract. This tract is normally lined with a coating of mucus that traps infectious particles, but there are a number of factors that can weaken this protection and make dogs prone to kennel cough infection, which results in inflammation of the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe). These factors include:

Exposure to crowded and/or poorly ventilated conditions, such as are found in many kennels and shelters
Cold temperatures
Exposure to dust or cigarette smoke
Travel-induced stress


Symptoms of Kennel Cough
The classic symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, forceful cough. This is distinct from a cough-like sound made by some dogs, especially little ones, which is called a reverse sneeze. Reverse sneezes can be normal in certain dogs and breeds, and usually only indicates the presence of post-nasal drip or a slight irritation of the throat. Some dogs with kennel cough may show other symptoms of illness, including sneezing, a runny nose, or eye discharge. If your dog has kennel cough, they probably will not lose their appetite or have a decreased energy level. Treating and Preventing Kennel Cough
Kennel cough is contagious. If you think your dog might have the condition, you should keep them away from other animals and contact your veterinarian.

How effective are these vaccines?"Immunity, even if the dog has experienced a natural infection, is neither solid nor lo...
03/05/2022

How effective are these vaccines?
"Immunity, even if the dog has experienced a natural infection, is neither solid nor long-lasting."
Immunity, even if the dog has experienced a natural infection, is neither solid nor long-lasting. We cannot expect vaccines to do much better. Since immunity varies with the circumstances, consult with your veterinarian regarding specific vaccination recommendations for your pet. Some kennel facilities require a booster vaccination shortly before boarding and some veterinarians recommend a booster vaccine every six months to ensure maximum protection against this troublesome infection.
How are the Bordetella vaccines administered?
Bordetella vaccination is given either by injection, oral or intra-nasal route. Intra-nasal refers to the liquid vaccine administered as nose drops. The oral vaccine is administered directly into the cheek pouch. This allows local immunity to develop on the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and windpipe where the infectious agents first attack and provides more rapid protection against infection than the injectable vaccine.

02/12/2021

If your dog is affected with kennel cough, you may notice one or more of the following symptoms:
a strong cough, often with a “honking” sound – this is the most obvious symptom.
runny nose.
sneezing.
lethargy.
loss of appetite.
low fever.

02/12/2021

Wondering if your dog has a case of kennel cough? Here is some footage of a 4-month old pup who had a confirmed case. He was treated at the vet and recovered quickly. Kennel cough spreads easily and is on the rise. It usually clears up on its own, but if you are concerned or symptoms persist or worsen, please see your vet. Treatments are available!
This can also be reversed sneezing but it can have a chance of being kennel cough but all dogs sound different I do recommend seeing a veterinarian if your problems with your dog persist

02/12/2021

If your dog is hacking away or constantly making noises that make it sound like they are choking on something, they may have a case of kennel cough, or canine infectious tracheobronchitis. Although kennel cough can sound terrible, most of the time it is not a serious condition, and most dogs will recover without treatment.
What is Kennel Cough?
Just as human colds may be caused by many different viruses, kennel cough itself can have multiple causes. One of the most common culprits is a bacterium called Bordetella bronchiseptica m-- which is why kennel cough is often called Bordetella. Most dogs that become infected with Bordetella are infected with a virus at the same time. These viruses, which are known to make dogs more susceptible to contracting Bordetella infection, include canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpes virus, parainfluenza virus and canine reovirus.
Dogs "catch" kennel cough when they inhale bacteria or virus particles into their respiratory tract. This tract is normally lined with a coating of mucus that traps infectious particles, but there are a number of factors that can weaken this protection and make dogs prone to kennel cough infection, which results in inflammation of the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe).

02/12/2021

How much do you know about kennel cough? This infectious disease spreads rapidly and gives dogs a nasty cough.
In this video, our vet and Vets4Pets Cirencester practice owner, Martina, talks you through everything you need to know about kennel cough in dogs, including:
- What is kennel cough?
- Does my dog have kennel cough?
- I think my dog has kennel cough
- How do I prevent kennel cough?
Find out more about how to prevent your dog from getting kennel cough and how to treat it by visiting our pet advice page:

HOW INFECTION OCCURS?The infected dog sheds infectious bacteria and/or viruses in respiratory secretions. These secretio...
02/12/2021

HOW INFECTION OCCURS?
The infected dog sheds infectious bacteria and/or viruses in respiratory secretions. These secretions become aerosolized and float in the air to be inhaled by a healthy dog. Obviously, crowded housing and suboptimal ventilation play important roles in the likelihood of transmission but organisms may also be transmitted on toys, food bowls or other objects.
Cilia animation
The normal respiratory tract has substantial safeguards against invading infectious agents. The most important of these is probably what is called the “mucociliary escalator.” This safeguard consists of tiny hair-like structures called “cilia”, which protrude from the cells lining the respiratory tract, and extend into a coat of mucus over them. The cilia beat in a coordinated fashion through the lower and more watery mucus layer called the “sol.” A thicker mucus layer called the “gel” floats on top of the sol. Debris, including infectious agents, get trapped in the sticky gel and the cilia move them upward towards the throat where the collection of debris and mucus may be coughed up and/or swallowed.
The mucociliary escalator is damaged by the following:
Shipping stress
Crowding stress
Heavy dust exposure
Cigarette smoke exposure
Infectious agents (as listed previously).
Cold temperature
Poor ventilation
Without this a fully functional mucociliary escalator, invading bacteria, especially Bordetella bronchiseptica, the chief agent of Kennel Cough, may simply march down the airways unimpeded.
Bordetella bronchiseptica organisms have some tricks of their own as well:
They are able to bind directly to cilia, rendering them unable to move within 3 hours of contact.
They secrete substances that disable the immune cells normally responsible for consuming & destroying bacteria.
Classically, dogs get infected when they are kept in a crowded situation with poor air circulation but lots of warm air (i.e. a boarding kennel, vaccination clinic, obedience class, local park, animal shelter, animal hospital waiting room, or grooming parlor). In reality, most causes of coughing that begin acutely in the dog are due to infectious causes and usually represent some form of Kennel Cough.
THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS 2 - 14 DAYS.
DOGS ARE TYPICALLY SICK FOR 1 - 2 WEEKS.
INFECTED DOGS SHED BORDETELLA ORGANISM
FOR 1-3 MONTHS FOLLOWING INFECTION
HOW IS DIAGNOSIS MADE?
Usually the history of exposure to a crowd of dogs within the proper time frame plus typical examination findings (coughing dog that otherwise feels well) is adequate to make the diagnosis. Radiographs show bronchitis and are particularly helpful in determining if a complicating pneumonia is present.
Recently, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) panels have become available in many reference laboratories. Using technology to amplify the presence of DNA in a swab, the lab is able to test for the presence of most of the kennel cough infectious agents listed. This knowledge is helpful in guiding therapy and understanding expectations.
A coughing dog that has a poor appetite, fever, and/or listlessness should be evaluated for pneumonia.
HOW IS KENNEL COUGH TREATED?
An uncomplicated case of Kennel Cough will go away by itself. Cough suppressants can improve patient comfort while the infection is resolving. The dog should be clearly improved if not recovered after about a week. That said, several infectious agents in the Kennel Cough complex are more intense and can cause a minor bronchitis to progress to pneumonia which is a potentially life-threatening disease. Given this possibility, antibiotics are frequently prescribed to Kennel Cough patients to prevent or curtail pneumonia before it warrants hospitalization.
It is important to distinguish an uncomplicated case of Kennel Cough from one complicated by pneumonia for obvious reasons. The uncomplicated cases will not have fever or appetite loss and they will not be listless. As mentioned, they will seem normal except for coughing. Dogs with pneumonia appear sick. For more information on pneumonia, click here.
PREVENTION THROUGH VACCINATION
Vaccination is only available for: Bordetella bronchiseptica, Canine Adenovirus Type 2, Canine Parainfluenza virus, Canine Distemper, and Canine Influenza. Infections with other members of the Kennel Cough complex cannot be prevented. Vaccine against Adenovirus Type 2, Parainfluenza, and Canine Distemper is generally included in the basic puppy series and subsequent boosters (the DHPP or "distemper-parvo shot." For Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccination can either be given as a separate injection or as a nasal immunization. There is some controversy regarding which method provides a better immunization or if a combination of both formats is best.
NASAL VACCINE
Intranasal vaccination may be given as early as 3 weeks of age and immunity generally lasts 12-13 months. The advantage here is that the local immunity is stimulated, right at the site where the natural infection would be trying to take hold.
It takes 4 days to generate a solid immune response after intranasal vaccination so it is best if vaccination is given at least 4 days prior to the exposure. Some dogs will have some sneezing or nasal discharge in the week following intranasal vaccination; this should clear up on its own. As a general rule, nasal vaccination provides faster immunity than injectable vaccination.
Nasal vaccines for Bordetella generally also include vaccine against Parainfluenza virus and some also include vaccine against Adenovirus Type 2.
ORAL VACCINE
As of 2012, an oral vaccine has become available for Bordetella bronchiseptica (but not adenovirus or parainfluenza). The idea is that it is easier to give the vaccine in the mouth (just inside the cheek) and there is no concern about sneezing out some of the vaccine. The oral vaccine can be given to puppies as young as 8 weeks of age. The vaccine is given annually.
INJECTABLE VACCINE
Injectable vaccination is a good choice for aggressive dogs, who may bite if their muzzle is approached. For puppies, injectable vaccination provides good systemic immunity as long as two doses are given (approximately one month apart) after age 4 months. Boosters are generally given annually. Some dogs experience a small lump under the skin at the injection site. This should resolve without treatment.
VACCINATION IS NOT USEFUL IN A DOG ALREADY INCUBATING KENNEL COUGH.
Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccination may not prevent infection.
In some cases, vaccination minimizes symptoms of illness but does not entirely prevent infection.
This is true whether nasal or injectable vaccine is used.
Dogs that have recovered from Bordetella bronchiseptica
are typically immune to reinfection for 6-12 months.
WHAT IF KENNEL COUGH DOESN’T IMPROVE?
As previously noted, this infection is generally self-limiting. It should be at least improved partially after one week of treatment. If no improvement has been observed in this time, a re-check exam (possibly including radiographs of the chest) would be a good idea. Failure of Kennel Cough to resolve suggests an underlying condition. Kennel Cough can activate a previously asymptomatic collapsing trachea or the condition may have progressed to pneumonia. Alternatively, there may be another disease afoot entirely such as non-infectious bronchitis, congestive heart failure, or some other condition that causes cough.
If you have questions about a coughing dog, do not hesitate to bring them to your veterinarian, or click the “Ask the Vet” function below.

02/12/2021

NOT SURE WHAT A COUGHING DOG SOUNDS LIKE?
Dogs can make an assortment of respiratory sounds. Usually a cough is very recognizable but it is important to be aware of another sound called a “reverse sneeze.” The reverse sneeze is often mistaken for a cough, for a choking fit, for sneezing, for retching, or even for some sort of respiratory distress. In fact, the reverse sneeze represents a post-nasal drip or “tickle in the throat.” It is considered normal especially for small dogs or dogs and only requires attention if it is felt to be “excessive.” The point here is to know a cough when you see one. A cough can be dry or “productive,” meaning it is followed by a gag, swallowing motion, production of foamy mucus (not to be confused with vomiting). Here are some videos that might help:
COUGHING DOG (WITH PRODUCTIVE COUGH):
Note: we have received a great deal of eMail from people who have viewed this video,
compared it to what their own dog is doing and concluded their dog has Kennel Cough.
This video is meant to demonstrate coughing in general. It is important to note that there
are many causes of coughing and the nature of the cough does not generally reflect on its cause.

02/12/2021

Kennel Cough
(ALSO CALLED CANINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASE,
CIRD, OR INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS)
WHAT IS IT?
“Kennel cough” is an infectious bronchitis of dogs characterized by a harsh, hacking cough which most people describe as sounding like “something stuck in my dog’s throat.” This bronchitis may be of brief duration and mild enough to warrant no treatment at all or it may progress all the way to a life-threatening pneumonia depending on which infectious agents are involved and the immunological strength of the patient. An uncomplicated kennel cough runs a course of a week or two and entails frequent fits of coughing in a patient who otherwise feels active and normal. Uncomplicated cases do not involve fever or listlessness, just lots of coughing.
Kennel Cough
(original graphic by marvistavet.com)
Numerous organisms may be involved in a case of kennel cough; it would be unusual for only one agent to be involved. Infections with the following organisms frequently occur concurrently to create a case of kennel cough:
Bordetella bronchiseptica (bacteria)
Parainfluenza Virus
Adenovirus Type 2
Canine Distemper Virus
Canine Influenza Virus
Canine Herpesvirus (very young puppies)
Mycoplasma canis (a single-cell organism that is neither virus nor bacterium)
Canine Reovirus
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
The classical combination for uncomplicated kennel cough is infection with Parainfluenza or Adenovirus Type 2 in combination with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Infections involving the distemper virus, Mycoplasma species, or canine influenza are more prone to progressing to pneumonia but pneumonia can readily result in any dog or puppy that is sufficiently young, stressed, or debilitated.

ComplicationsDogs will typically recover from kennel cough within a few weeks. However, secondary infections could lead ...
03/06/2021

Complications
Dogs will typically recover from kennel cough within a few weeks. However, secondary infections could lead to complications that could do more harm than the disease itself.[2] Several opportunistic invaders have been recovered from the respiratory tracts of dogs with kennel cough, including Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, and various coliform bacteria. These bacteria have the potential to cause pneumonia or sepsis, which drastically increase the severity of the disease. These complications are evident in thoracic radiographic examinations. Findings will be mild in animals affected only by kennel cough, while those with complications may have evidence of segmental atelectasis and other severe side effects.[10

Treatment and preventionSee also: DA2PPC VaccineAntibiotics are given to treat any bacterial infection present. Cough su...
03/06/2021

Treatment and prevention
See also: DA2PPC Vaccine
Antibiotics are given to treat any bacterial infection present. Cough suppressants are used if the cough is not productive. NSAIDs are often given to reduce fever and upper respiratory inflammation. Prevention is by vaccinating for canine adenovirus, distemper, parainfluenza, and Bordetella. In kennels, the best prevention is to keep all the cages disinfected. In some cases, such as "doggie daycares" or nontraditional playcare-type boarding environments, it is usually not a cleaning or disinfecting issue, but rather an airborne issue, as the dogs are in contact with each other's saliva and breath. Although most kennels require proof of vaccination, the vaccination is not a fail-safe preventative. Just like human influenza, even after receiving the vaccination, a dog can still contract mutated strains or less severe cases.[citation needed]

Vaccines
To increase their effectiveness, vaccines should be administered as soon as possible after a dog enters a high-risk area, such as a shelter. 10 to 14 days are required for partial immunity to develop.[8] Administration of B. bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza vaccines may then be continued routinely, especially during outbreaks of kennel cough. There are several methods of administration, including parenteral and intranasal.[9] However, the intranasal method has been recommended when exposure is imminent, due to a more rapid and localized protection. Several intranasal vaccines have been developed that contain canine adenovirus in addition to B. bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus antigens. Studies have thus far not been able to determine which formula of vaccination is the most efficient. Adverse effects of vaccinations are mild, but the most common effect observed up to 30 days after administration is nasal discharge.[8] Vaccinations are not always effective. In one study it was found that 43.3% of all dogs in the study population with respiratory disease had in fact been vaccinated.[2]

TransmissionViral infections such as canine parainfluenza or canine coronavirus are only spread for roughly one week fol...
03/06/2021

Transmission
Viral infections such as canine parainfluenza or canine coronavirus are only spread for roughly one week following recovery;[5] however, respiratory infections involving B. bronchiseptica can be transmissible for several weeks longer.[4] While there was early evidence to suggest that B. bronchiseptica could be shed for many months post-infection,[4] a more recent report places detectable nasal and pharyngeal levels of B. bronchiseptica in 45.6% of all clinically healthy dogs.[2] This has potentially expanded the vector from currently or recently infected dogs to half the dog population as carriers. To put the relative levels of shedding bacteria into perspective, a study analyzing the shedding kinetics of B. bronchiseptica presents the highest levels of bacterial shedding one week post-exposure, with an order of magnitude decrease in shedding observed every week.[7] This projection places negligible levels of shedding to be expected six weeks post-exposure (or approximately five weeks post-onset of symptoms). Dogs which had been administered intranasal vaccine four weeks prior to virulent B. bronchiseptica challenge displayed little to no bacterial shedding within three weeks of exposure to the virulent strain.[7]

SymptomsThe incubation period is 5–7 days (with a range of 3–10).[5] Symptoms can include a harsh, dry cough, retching, ...
03/06/2021

Symptoms
The incubation period is 5–7 days (with a range of 3–10).[5] Symptoms can include a harsh, dry cough, retching, sneezing, snorting, gagging or vomiting in response to light pressing of the trachea or after excitement or exercise. The presence of a fever varies from case to case.[citation needed]

Types
Although kennel cough is considered to be a multifactorial infection, there are two main forms. The first is more mild and is caused by B. bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza infections, without complications from canine distemper virus (CDV) or canine adenovirus (CAV). This form occurs most regularly in autumn, and can be distinguished by symptoms such as a retching cough and vomiting. The second form has a more complex combination of causative organisms, including CDV and CAV. It typically occurs in dogs that have not been vaccinated and it is not seasonal. Symptoms are more severe than the first form, and may include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and fever, in addition to a hacking cough.[6]

Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious respiratory disease, formerly canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is an u...
03/06/2021

Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious respiratory disease, formerly canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is an upper respiratory infection affecting dogs.[1] There are multiple causative agents, the most common being the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica (found in 78.7% of cases in Southern Germany), followed by canine parainfluenza virus (37.7% of cases), and to a lesser extent canine coronavirus (9.8% of cases).[2] It is highly contagious;[3] however, adult dogs may display immunity to reinfection even under constant exposure.[4] Kennel cough is so named because the infection can spread quickly among dogs in the close quarters of a kennel or animal shelter.

Viral and bacterial causes of canine cough are spread through airborne droplets produced by sneezing and coughing. These agents also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms begin after a several day incubation period post-exposure,[3] and in most cases will clear up on their own. However, in young puppies or immunocompromised animals, mixed or secondary infections can progress to lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia.[5]

Can Kennel Cough Be Prevented?A vaccine is available for the bordetella bacterium, which is the most common agent to cau...
03/06/2021

Can Kennel Cough Be Prevented?
A vaccine is available for the bordetella bacterium, which is the most common agent to cause kennel cough. Dogs who are frequently boarded, visit doggie day care, compete in canine sports, or otherwise are exposed to large groups of dogs may benefit from the vaccine, and many training, boarding, and daycare facilities require proof of vaccination. The vaccine is available in oral, intranasal, and injectable forms, and depending on the form, it is usually initially given in two doses two to four weeks apart, followed by a booster every six months to a year.

Although most cases of kennel cough are caused by bordetella, some are caused by other agents, including the bacteria bordetella bronchiseptica, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parainfluenza virus, canine respiratory coronavirus, and mycoplasmas, so the vaccine may not prevent your dog from catching the disease.

If you notice your pet coughing or if you plan to introduce your dog to large groups of animals, speak with your veterinarian.

How Is Kennel Cough Treated?Typically, mild cases of kennel cough are treated with a week or two of rest, but a veterina...
03/06/2021

How Is Kennel Cough Treated?
Typically, mild cases of kennel cough are treated with a week or two of rest, but a veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to prevent a secondary infection and cough medication to ease the symptoms.

“Nebulizers and vaporizers utilizing inhaled antibiotics or bronchodilators have been reported to be beneficial but are usually not prescribed,” Dr. Fitzgerald said. Speak to your veterinarian for treatment recommendations. Also, it’s helpful for owners to use a harness rather than a collar to walk a dog with kennel cough because irritation of the tracheal can aggravate the cough and possibly even cause damage to the trachea. If you have a household with multiple pets and one shows signs of a cough, chances are all dogs in the home have been exposed.

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Videos

If your dog is affected with kennel cough, you may notice one or more of the following symptoms: a strong cough, often with a “honking” sound – this is the most obvious symptom. runny nose. sneezing. lethargy. loss of appetite. low fever.

Kennel cough in dog
Kennel cough in dog

Wondering if your dog has a case of kennel cough? Here is some footage of a 4-month old pup who had a confirmed case. He was treated at the vet and recovered quickly. Kennel cough spreads easily and is on the rise. It usually clears up on its own, but if you are concerned or symptoms persist or worsen, please see your vet. Treatments are available! This can also be reversed sneezing but it can have a chance of being kennel cough but all dogs sound different I do recommend seeing a veterinarian if your problems with your dog persist

If your dog is hacking away or constantly making noises that make it sound like they are choking on something, they may have a case of kennel cough, or canine infectious tracheobronchitis. Although kennel cough can sound terrible, most of the time it is not a serious condition, and most dogs will recover without treatment. What is Kennel Cough? Just as human colds may be caused by many different viruses, kennel cough itself can have multiple causes. One of the most common culprits is a bacterium called Bordetella bronchiseptica m-- which is why kennel cough is often called Bordetella. Most dogs that become infected with Bordetella are infected with a virus at the same time. These viruses, which are known to make dogs more susceptible to contracting Bordetella infection, include canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpes virus, parainfluenza virus and canine reovirus. Dogs "catch" kennel cough when they inhale bacteria or virus particles into their respiratory tract. This tract is normally lined with a coating of mucus that traps infectious particles, but there are a number of factors that can weaken this protection and make dogs prone to kennel cough infection, which results in inflammation of the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe).

Kennel cough in dogs
Kennel cough in dogs

How much do you know about kennel cough? This infectious disease spreads rapidly and gives dogs a nasty cough. In this video, our vet and Vets4Pets Cirencester practice owner, Martina, talks you through everything you need to know about kennel cough in dogs, including: - What is kennel cough? - Does my dog have kennel cough? - I think my dog has kennel cough - How do I prevent kennel cough? Find out more about how to prevent your dog from getting kennel cough and how to treat it by visiting our pet advice page:

Kennel Cough
Kennel Cough

NOT SURE WHAT A COUGHING DOG SOUNDS LIKE? Dogs can make an assortment of respiratory sounds. Usually a cough is very recognizable but it is important to be aware of another sound called a “reverse sneeze.” The reverse sneeze is often mistaken for a cough, for a choking fit, for sneezing, for retching, or even for some sort of respiratory distress. In fact, the reverse sneeze represents a post-nasal drip or “tickle in the throat.” It is considered normal especially for small dogs or dogs and only requires attention if it is felt to be “excessive.” The point here is to know a cough when you see one. A cough can be dry or “productive,” meaning it is followed by a gag, swallowing motion, production of foamy mucus (not to be confused with vomiting). Here are some videos that might help: COUGHING DOG (WITH PRODUCTIVE COUGH): Note: we have received a great deal of eMail from people who have viewed this video, compared it to what their own dog is doing and concluded their dog has Kennel Cough. This video is meant to demonstrate coughing in general. It is important to note that there are many causes of coughing and the nature of the cough does not generally reflect on its cause.

Kennel Cough (ALSO CALLED CANINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASE, CIRD, OR INFECTIOUS TRACHEOBRONCHITIS) WHAT IS IT? “Kennel cough” is an infectious bronchitis of dogs characterized by a harsh, hacking cough which most people describe as sounding like “something stuck in my dog’s throat.” This bronchitis may be of brief duration and mild enough to warrant no treatment at all or it may progress all the way to a life-threatening pneumonia depending on which infectious agents are involved and the immunological strength of the patient. An uncomplicated kennel cough runs a course of a week or two and entails frequent fits of coughing in a patient who otherwise feels active and normal. Uncomplicated cases do not involve fever or listlessness, just lots of coughing. Kennel Cough (original graphic by marvistavet.com) Numerous organisms may be involved in a case of kennel cough; it would be unusual for only one agent to be involved. Infections with the following organisms frequently occur concurrently to create a case of kennel cough: Bordetella bronchiseptica (bacteria) Parainfluenza Virus Adenovirus Type 2 Canine Distemper Virus Canine Influenza Virus Canine Herpesvirus (very young puppies) Mycoplasma canis (a single-cell organism that is neither virus nor bacterium) Canine Reovirus Canine Respiratory Coronavirus The classical combination for uncomplicated kennel cough is infection with Parainfluenza or Adenovirus Type 2 in combination with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Infections involving the distemper virus, Mycoplasma species, or canine influenza are more prone to progressing to pneumonia but pneumonia can readily result in any dog or puppy that is sufficiently young, stressed, or debilitated.

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