External parasites and skin disease treatment and control in cattle

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External parasites and skin disease treatment and control in cattle

Skin disease and external parasites in cattle cause loss in their production Adults live in the dermis, and microfilariae are ingested by the horn fly, H.
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Stephanofilariasis
Etiology
Stephanofilaria stilesi is the common cause of a filarial dermatitis on the ventral midline of cattle in the United States. irritans. Microfilariae develop into infective larvae during a 2- to 3-week time period spent in the fly, and then are injected into the skin of cattle when the fly feeds. Signs
Dermatitis on the ventral midline consists initially of serous exudate

, crusts, and papules. Chronicity leads to alopecia, skin thickening, and hyperkeratosis. The usual site is between the brisket and umbilicus, but extensive lesions may extend more cranially or caudally. Lesions occasionally are observed on the udder. Pruritus causes affected cows to attempt to scratch their bellies while they are partially recumbent. Cows may rise to their knees and rock the brisket and ventral abdomen fore and aft in an effort to relieve the itching sensation associated with dermatitis. Diagnosis
Clinical signs coupled with skin biopsies provide the best means of establishing a definitive diagnosis. Cross-sections of adult worms are observed in hair follicles when biopsies are examined histologically. Microfilariae and eosinophils are found in the dermis. Treatment
Approved treatments for stephanofilariasis are not available for lactating cattle. However, both the avermectin and milbemycin families of ectoparasiticides will likely be useful against this parasite. Topical ivermectin and eprinomectin can be used in lactating cattle, as can moxidectin, but doramectin can only be used in female dairy cattle younger than 20 months of age.

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