21/08/2023
Something different, other than dogs! I have a keen interest in other species such as tortoises! Mines called Taylor. Here’s an interesting read 🐢
This is a real interesting read for all our members, give it a go, you’ll be surprised at what you can learn. Lin
To all tortoise keepers:
Having seen many posts on many groups in relation to Mediterranean tortoises being fed fruit I felt a thorough post was needed.
I have been in liaison with Andy/The Tortoise Trust who has given me permission to cite his response to others in relation to feeding fruit to non fruit eating species. I followed the comments made and collated The Tortoise Trust’s responses in order to put this detailed post together, therefore credit goes to The Tortoise Trust for the contents of this post. Apologies for the length of this post but needs to be said:
It is important to know that sugar-rich fruits can cause real problems to arid-habitat tortoises (some tropical species are different, and can handle it).
Carbohydrates represent the prime energy source in herbivorous reptile diets. Excess intake can be stored either as glycogen in the liver, or as fat (reserves of these substances are critical in those species that hibernate). Excess intake of readily fermentable carbohydrates and sugars in species ill-adapted for such diets can, however, result in profound disturbance to the animal's entire metabolism. In cattle ruminal acidosis is a well-known phenomenon (Nocek, 1991, Stock and Britton, 1991). Specific pathologies associated with this condition include:
Clostridial infections
Laminitis
Liver abscesses
Malabsorbtion syndrome resulting from ruminal wall tissue damage Sudden death syndrome
Diarrhea and dehydration
It should be noted that the digestive mechanism of tortoises and herbivorous lizards is functionally identical to those of commercial ruminants. The etiology of the condition is that starch-rich foods (cereal grains, corn, for example) are broken down into sugars (glucose) in the digestive tract.
Alternatively, sugar-rich foods are metabolized directly and very rapidly (quantities of fresh, sweet grass or fruit, for example). In the hind-gut, symbiotic bacteria ferment the carbohydrates to form volatile fatty acids (VFA's) which are absorbed and are an important source of energy, representing, on average, between 30-40% of total requirements in some herbivorous reptiles studied (McBee and McBee, 1982, Troyer, 1984b). Very high intakes of carbohydrates such as starches and sugars can overwhelm the system, however, and ferment much more quickly than the fiber contained in dry grasses and hays. The result is a massive increase in acids produced by bacterial action. These acids are primarily acetic, propionic and butyric acid with lower levels of lactic acid and VFA's (McBee and McBee, 1982). Following over-consumption of starches and sugars the pH of the gut shifts to become highly acidic initiating a chain of serious consequences (typical gut pH ranges of herbivorous reptiles are in the order of 6.8-7.0).
One particularly serious effect is the generation of high levels of endotoxins produced as the normal symbiotic and commensal gut bacteria begin to die in the out-of-range acidic environment created (approximately pH