Paw Inspiring Equine

Paw Inspiring Equine Provides behaviour , training and enrichment consultation for your horse, via veterinary referral, u

๐—” ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐—บ ๐—ฆ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐—บ ๐—›๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑWhat are you and your animals struggling with right now?
05/02/2025

๐—” ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐—บ ๐—ฆ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฏ๐—น๐—ฒ๐—บ ๐—›๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ

What are you and your animals struggling with right now?

This is a brilliant paper highlighting the importance of the words we use when describing horseshttps://www.mdpi.com/207...
05/02/2025

This is a brilliant paper highlighting the importance of the words we use when describing horses
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/3/399?fbclid=IwY2xjawIPcvNleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHRxUcnGU2rbzCyhKB2u6ABbtfnEWrVMfTII9baC8K6_7jbZJ78xQKpX6NA_aem_lOBCiGcvbjNfRkaoCRalFg

Euphemisms, anthropomorphisms, and equivocation are established characteristics of traditional equestrian language. โ€˜Evasionโ€™, โ€˜resistanceโ€™, and โ€˜disobedienceโ€™ are common labels assigned to unwelcome equine behaviours, implying that the horse is at fault for not complying with the human....

๐—›๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐——๐—ผ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—›๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ช๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—น๐—ฑ? It might seem obvious but your horse really does perceive the world very differe...
03/02/2025

๐—›๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐——๐—ผ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—›๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐—ถ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ช๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—น๐—ฑ?

It might seem obvious but your horse really does perceive the world very differently to you. If they spook at something out of the blue it is very possible they heard or saw something that you missed. It is important to avoid punishing their responses as this is detrimental to your relationship. Instead give your horse time to process and gather information and offer reassurance.

Horses have eight senses not just the five we most frequently think of these are :

๐ŸดSight (Visual) your horse is able to see 350 degrees around their head. They also have dichromatic colour vision which is similar to that of red/ green colour blindness in humans. Eye contact is also not a part of social bonding.

๐ŸดHearing (Auditory) their ears can move to pick up sounds from different directions. The lowest frequency your horse can detect is 50Hz which is higher than our lowest hearing threshold of 20Hz. Horses can hear higher frequencies than we can as they can hear sounds as high as 33kHz compared to humans 20kHz). This means your horse can detect noises that you canโ€™t.

๐ŸดTouch (Tactile) Horses are highly touch sensitive. The skin twitch response is designed to remove flies or other skin irritants.

๐ŸดSmell (Olfactory) Horses have a highly developed olfactory ( scent ) apparatus.They also have a highly developed Vomeronasal (Jacobsons) organ to aid them in detecting poorly volatile or non volatile scents associated with body odour and secretions.

๐ŸดTaste (Gustatory) Horses are obligate nasal breathers meaning they only breath through their nose. Horses can detect four of the five taste components sweet, salty, sour and bitter but not to our knowledge umami (a complex savoury flavour).

๐ŸดVestibular /equlibrioception. This is the body's sense of spatial orientation this integrates your horses' co-ordination of their balance and movement.This is a function of the semi-circular canals within the ear which detect rotation and otalithic organs within the ear which detect accleration or deceleration. It is complex integration of the visual/vestibular and proprioceptive systems.

๐ŸดProprioception this is the sense of bodily position, movement and posture within space. It can be either conscious or unconscious.

๐ŸดInteroception The sense of the internal state of the body. Interoceptive signals include homeostasis of body systems , allostatic control ie blood pressure this changes with demand (Ramsey & Woods, 2014). It allows for feedback from physiological changes as a result of emotional states (Ramsey & Woods,2014).

๐ŸดSomatosensation - This the collating of information created by the senses and the information they give about the body's internal state and the bodyโ€™s interactions with the external environment.

See Rorvang et al, (2020) for a detailed review.

Rรธrvang, M. V., Nielsen, B. L., & McLean, A. N. (2020). Sensory abilities of horses and their importance for equitation science. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 633.

ยฉ๏ธJessie Sams 2025 Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

21/01/2025

For a bit of fun. Guess what behaviour challenges I support the most ?

Cheeky ReshareNapping or Baulking  Napping is an extremely common problem that can occur across a range of contexts from...
20/01/2025

Cheeky Reshare

Napping or Baulking

Napping is an extremely common problem that can occur across a range of contexts from hacking out, in the school or field (Hausberger et al, 2009). Horses can show an array of behaviour responses when napping from a freeze response or refusal to go forwards, to spinning, rearing, backing up or bolting (Hausberger ,et al. 2009). This can be dangerous and create fear in horse and rider. Horses as highly social and gregarious animals understandably find separation from conspecifics stressful.Separation activates the PANIC system. The FEAR and PANIC systems share some similarities there are key differences. The FEAR system is associated with actual or perceived life threat including the actual or perceived threat of pain or injury whereas the PANIC system is associated with social loss ( Panksepp, et all 2011). Social panic, bonding and attachment are opioid-mediated, so separation and social isolation produces and analogous response to that of opioid withdrawal (MacMillan, 2016). In other words separation and isolation is comparable to actual physical pain in all mammals including horses and humans, separation and emotional pain hurts.

Some causes of napping may include:

โ€ข Separation anxiety/distress
โ€ข Fear
โ€ข Previous negative or traumatic experiences
โ€ข Lack of experience
โ€ข Lack of training
โ€ข Loss of confidence (may be sudden in onset)
โ€ข Pain or pain memory
โ€ข Sudden change in the environment or even routine (sudden environmental contrast)
โ€ข Rarely sensory deficit such as loss or partial loss of vision or hearing

Forcing a horse past an object or further than they are able or comfortable to go may result in an escalation of the behaviour risking injury to horse and rider as well as bystanders.

A horses response is not indicative of how fearful they are. The horse who plants may be just as afraid as the one who bolts (Budzynska, 2014). Some horses are more active copers meaning they will take a more proactive approach such as spinning or bolting. In contrast a more reactive (passive) coper may simply plant (Ijichi et al, 2013). Addressing problems such as napping or separation anxiety is not a quick fix and require patience and time.

Image is a stock image from Shutterstock

References

Budzyล„ska, M. (2014). Stress reactivity and coping in horse adaptation to environment. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 8, 935โ€“994. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.05.010
CrossRef Full Text (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2014.05.010)

Hausberger, M., Gautier, E., Biquand, V., Lunel, C., Jego, P., 2009. Could work be a source of behavioural disorders? A study in horses. PLoS ONE 4, 7625.

Ijichi, C., Collins, L. M. & Elwood, R. W. 2013. Harnessing the power of personality assessment: subjective assessment predicts behaviour in horses. Behavioural Processes, in press.

McMillan, F.D. The psychobiology of social pain: Evidence for a neurocognitive overlap with physical pain and welfare implications for social animals with special attention to the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Physiol. Behav. 2016, 167, 154โ€“171. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Panksepp J, Fuchs T, Iacobucci P: The basic neuroscience of emotional experiences in mammals: the case of subcortical FEAR circuitry and implications for clinical anxiety. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011; 129:1โ€“17

ยฉ๏ธJessie Sams (2019) Beeching Horse Behaviour and Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

Availability for behaviour consultations, training and enrichment sessions for horses and dogsIf you are in need of supp...
13/01/2025

Availability for behaviour consultations, training and enrichment sessions for horses and dogs

If you are in need of support with your horse or dogsโ€™ behaviour I have some sessions now available. Feel free to message for a chat about your needs with no obligation. WhatsApp 0776 331 7464

I am able to help with a range of behaviour issues and I specialise in horses and dogs with profound fears and trauma. How I can help :

๐ŸดFears and Phobias
๐ŸดAggression towards people and other animals
๐ŸดSeparation related issues
๐Ÿด Difficulties with leading
๐Ÿด Loading and travelling issues
๐Ÿด Unhandled horse support programme
๐Ÿด Difficulties bringing your horse in
๐Ÿด Ridden issues (including hacking)
๐Ÿด Equine scent work
๐Ÿด Gentle spook busting
๐Ÿด Box rest support

I also offer navigating the human world sessions for young horses (I also offer a puppy version) and equine scentwork sessions if you want a fun activity to do with your horse.

I have one unhandled/traumatised horse habilitation programme slot left.

This is a long term programme. Specifically designed for you and your horse. Starting from two days per week ( if you are a long distance away you have a number of consecutive sessions per month).

There is a 10% discount for NHS workers and Ambulance staff.

I offer on-going support with flexible packages designed to suit your budget .Please message or call 0776 331 7464

Please come and join me on buy me a coffee
13/01/2025

Please come and join me on buy me a coffee

Post by Jessie

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ด๐—ต๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ 2025Something that is  really important  when supporting horses and dogs is that we prioritise their emotio...
04/01/2025

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ด๐—ต๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ 2025

Something that is really important when supporting horses and dogs is that we prioritise their emotional state over the behaviour we want them to do. Doing so is a key part of good welfare. This to me is one of the most important features of care based, animal led approach.It is all too easy to train animals to DO behaviours when the priority must be How does the horse or dog feel? What is their emotional experience?

โ€ข How do they feel about their environment?

โ€ข How do they feel about us?

โ€ข How do they feel about the activities we do?

โ€ข How do they feel about the other, horses, dogs and other animals in their lives?

โ€ข Are their species specific needs met?

โ€ข Can they meet their own needs?

That behaviour that you can't stand like jumping up, diving for grass, crib- biting or breaking down the fence, think about what emotional need that meets?

If we really need to change a behaviour (and sometimes we don't!) we must first consider:

โ€ข WHAT need is my horse or dog trying to fulfil?

โ€ข WHAT relief are they getting from performing the behaviour?

โ€ข WHAT alternative can we offer them that meets their need and is safer?

For example if they become anxious when we go out of sight can we teach a back in a minute hand signal to offer reassurance or if the horse or dog is able to cope train a deep breath or simply give them time to process the environment or what we are asking. If a horse or dog has not had their needs met or even opportunities to do so for themselves it can also make it harder for them to focus on any tasks we might be training.

While we may not know for certain we can infer what they may be feeling by observing their body language and demeanour while keeping in mind that behaviour is contextual and needs also change. What means one thing at one time or in one situation may mean something else in another: This where it gets complicated just because a horse or a dog performs a behaviour reliably ( every time you cue the behaviour) does not always mean they find it pleasurable or if they did enjoy it at one time that they continue to do so even if the behaviour was trained with positive reinforcement using food or play or something else the animal enjoys (Everitt & Robbins,2005, Mills,2022).

For example ball chasing in dogs, the dog might be highly motivated to chase the ball even though they are in pain with arthritis. A horse example might be training a horse to touch an object they are wary of in this instance they might take themselves over threshold to gain the tasty treat. so they touch they scary thing even though they are not comfortable doing so. Similar to the ball chasing dog example some behaviours such as Spanish walk may require physical effort that exceeds a horses capacity potentially leading them to perform a behavior that causes discomfort in order to obtain food. Some alternatives to these might include hiding the ball for your dog to find or keeping ball throwing resions what and mixing them with other activities such as a snuffle mat. For scary objects allowing your horse to explore an object in their own time with you or there friends there fir social support . For the Spanish walk keeping sessions short and breaking it up with other activities like walking in sync.

To ensure positive welfare lets keep meeting emotional needs over the behaviours we want to see .

References

Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nature neuroscience, 8(11), 1481-1489.

Mills, D. S. (2022). Clinical Animal Behaviour: Paradigms, Problems and Practice. Animals 2022, 12, 3103.

ยฉ๏ธ Jessie Sams (2025) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

Older Horses and MemoryNew research by Italian and French research teams has investigated the memory and cognitive abili...
02/01/2025

Older Horses and Memory

New research by Italian and French research teams has investigated the memory and cognitive abilities of geriatric horses over sixteen years of age (Cellai et al,2024). In comparison to other species including humans and dogs, the effects of ageing on memory in horses is under-researched. It is common in a range of species that alterations and problems with short and long-term memory occur as an ordinary part of the ageing process. Both physical and behavioural pathologies can take place in ageing populations of a range of species (Global Animal Health Association,2024, Chapman et al,2018).

The study involved teaching a simple behavioural test known as a Target Touch Test, in which the horses were taught to touch a target. The sample consisted of twenty-one adult horses aged between five and fifteen and twenty-three geriatric horses aged sixteen and above. They were of mixed gender.

In the first trial, the horses repeated the task three times and the test was repeated ten days later.

There was no significant difference between adult and geriatric horses in the first test indicating the older group is still capable of associative learning, however, when the test was repeated after a ten-day hiatus the older horses took longer to finish the task than the adult group. No significant difference was found between the sexes.

Further research is required to better understand the effects of ageing on memory and cognition in horses.

Read the paper below for a full explanation

Reference

Cellai, S., Gazzano, A., Casini, L., Gazzano, V., Cecchi, F., Macchioni, F., ... & Baragli, P. (2024). The Memory Abilities of the Elderly Horse. Animals, 14(21), 3073

ยฉ๏ธ Jessie Sams Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service .

26/12/2024

Yearly candy cane time. When feeding things like this do so in moderation

๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ง๐—ฎlk ๐—ง๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด !! ๐—ง๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป? In the horse and dog behaviour and training industries we spend a great ...
12/12/2024

๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐˜๐˜€ ๐—ง๐—ฎlk ๐—ง๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด !! ๐—ง๐—ถ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป?

In the horse and dog behaviour and training industries we spend a great deal of energy emphasising the importance of timing, which of course is essential if we are reinforcing new behaviours. However, we first need us ourselves

๐ŸดWhat needs are not being met?
๐ŸดWhat support do they need?
๐ŸดAre they physically and emotionally well?
๐ŸดWho is the trained behaviour for?
๐ŸดIs it essential to the animalโ€™s physical and emotional well being or safety in the human world?

The more neglected question is the timing of the therapeutic intervention

๐ŸดHave they had sufficient time to decompress?
๐ŸดIn discussion with the vet would medication be helpful?
๐ŸดHave they had the opportunity for building trust with human caregivers?
๐ŸดHave they had enrichment opportunities that are tailored to them and are they living in an enriched environment.
๐ŸดDo they have agency and control over their environment and interactions?
๐ŸดHas their brain had sufficient recovery time?

It is crucial to understand that without this it is harder for improvement to happen. Recent research has shown that after a period of stress reduction of eight weeks structural changes in amygdala grey matter density ( Holzel et al,2010). However, it is important to account for how differences in stress exposure could impact recovery time.

Improvements were found in brain microstructure integrity predominantly within fibre tracts involving corticostriatal networks (Meng et al 2018) after a two year period. These networks are vital for a wide range of motor, affective (emotional), sensory and cognitive functions (Gomez-Ocadiz et al 2022). This lead to reduced symptoms and enhanced resilience.

References

Gรณmez-Ocรกdiz, R., Trippa, M., Zhang, C. L., Posani, L., Cocco, S., Monasson, R., & Schmidt-Hieber, C. (2022). A synaptic signal for novelty processing in the hippocampus. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1-15.

Hรถlzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Evans, K. C., Hoge, E. A., Dusek, J. A., Morgan, L., ... & Lazar, S. W. (2010). Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 5(1), 11-17.

Meng, L., Shan, T., Li, K., & Gong, Q. (2021). Long-term tract-specific white matter microstructural changes after acute stress. Brain imaging and behavior, 15, 1868-1875

ยฉ๏ธJessie Sams (2024) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

๐— ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜† ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ง๐—ฎ๐—ธ๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐˜ ๐—ฆ๐—Ÿ๐—ข๐—ช If we go at our horse or dogโ€™s pace we will get where we need to go faster than we think. O...
18/11/2024

๐— ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐˜† ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ง๐—ฎ๐—ธ๐—ฒ ๐—œ๐˜ ๐—ฆ๐—Ÿ๐—ข๐—ช

If we go at our horse or dogโ€™s pace we will get where we need to go faster than we think. On the other hand, if we rush we can make mistakes or misread what our animals need from us. Breathe and be led by your horse or dog.

If in doubt slow down, wait and observe. Speed increases anxiety (Feldman et al,2020,Fenner et al,2019)

References

Feldman, M. J., Siegel, E., Barrett, L. F., Quigley, K. S., & Wormwood, J. B. (2022). Affect and social judgment: the roles of physiological reactivity and interoceptive sensitivity. Affective Science, 3(2), 464-479.

Fenner, K., Mclean, A. N., & McGreevy, P. D. (2019). Cutting to the chase: How round-pen, lunging, and high-speed liberty work may compromise horse welfare. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 29, 88-94.

I apologise I do not know where the original quote came from.

ยฉ๏ธ Jessie Sams (2024) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

Some fantastic gift ideas here. This is an outstanding newsletter rammed with great I for, ationfromarange of qualified ...
10/11/2024

Some fantastic gift ideas here. This is an outstanding newsletter rammed with great I for, ationfromarange of qualified equine professionals .

It's here!!!! Message us for your copy of gift ideas handpicked by:

โœจCatherine Bradley, Equine Podiatrist Fit For A Queenie
๐ŸŽBonny Mealand, Touching Wild Touching Wild with Bonny Mealand
โœจKim Hallin, Unbridled
๐ŸŽIrene Perrett, International Equine Professionals
โœจAnnika O'Kane, Children's Book Author, The Pretty Pony Once Said
๐ŸŽMeg Eades, R+ Trainer Eades
โœจApalachee Meadows Apalachee Meadows
๐ŸŽDavid Gilpin, Saddler David Gilpin Custom Saddle Work & WOW Saddles
โœจJessie Sams, Equine Behaviorist Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service UK
๐ŸŽChasing The Sun Equine Transport CTS Equine Transport
โœจOur Bodhi Horse Practice Herd - Dรฉsirรฉe Braganza, Abby Letteri, Azariah Taylor, Matt Bruno & Mike Parker, DVM
๐ŸŽSpotlighting The Liberty Barn The Liberty Barn

Photo by Azariah Taylor

The World Horse Wwlfare Conference runs today. It is discussing โ€œWhat is a Good Life For Horses?โ€. It is well worth a li...
07/11/2024

The World Horse Wwlfare Conference runs today. It is discussing โ€œWhat is a Good Life For Horses?โ€. It is well worth a listen and is recorded if you canโ€™t catch it all now .

Our Annual Conference takes place tomorrow, and we're looking forward to welcoming an outstanding line up of guest speakers and panellists, as well as guests attending in-person and online ๐Ÿ‘

This year, we will be exploring the question "What is a good life for a horse?" ๐Ÿด

We all aspire to give our horses a โ€˜goodโ€™ life โ€“ but what does this really mean? Our opinion of what we think of as a โ€˜good lifeโ€™ may not be the same as someone elseโ€™s โ€“ while the horseโ€™s experience could be something else entirely.

Don't worry if you didn't have a chance to sign up - you can watch the event live on our website from 9:45 am ๐Ÿ‘‰ https://bit.ly/40ChZme

Thanks Fed Up Fred
02/11/2024

Thanks Fed Up Fred

๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ ๐— ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด๐˜€Compliance and obedience  have no space in a compassionate human-animal relationship . All relationships are...
13/10/2024

๐—ฆ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ ๐— ๐˜‚๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด๐˜€

Compliance and obedience have no space in a compassionate human-animal relationship . All relationships are about both parties feeling safe to express themselves. That is why the Thre Cs Dr Emily Kieson and I put together our ๐—–๐—ผ๐—บ๐—บ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป, ๐—–๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฒ and ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ of horse-human interaction. The work of SAHSDA created by Maya Rose and her Compliance to Partnership Planet Model is a great inspiration for this. It makes me so sad that so many human and animal relationships still rely so heavily on what we can make the horse or dog do versus what their emotional experience actually is.

References

'The Compliance to Partnership Planet Model to Living with Dogs', Maya Badham, (2021) https://sahsda.wixsite.com/sahsda/dogplanetsmodel

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