Vetz Anky

06/01/2023

30/12/2022

https://youtu.be/rX5vFXHMh6U

Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the world's most economically important viral diseases of livestock. The virus infects cattle, pigs, and sheep and many clov...

24/08/2022

imp anesthetic dose rate for surgery

23/05/2021

✓ Hallmark of reversible cell injury - Cellular swelling

✓ Hallmark of irreversible cell injury - Cell membrane damage

✓ Hallmark of cell death - Loss of nucleus

✓ Hallmark of apoptosis - Cellular shrinkage

19/05/2021

1) The cattle trespass act - 1871
2) Veterinary council of India - 1884
3) The Indian veterinary Council act -1884
4) Livestock importation act - 1898
5) The glanders and farcy act - 1899
6) The dourine act - 1910
7) Central provinces slaughter of animal act - 1915
8) The poisoning act - 1919
9) Indian forest act - 1927
10) The dangerous drugs act - 1930
11) Performing animals protection Act - 1935
12) The drug and cosmetics act - 1940
13) Prevention of food adulteration act - 1954
14) The prevention of cruelty to animals act - 1960
15) Maharashtra protection Act - 1976
16) Wildlife protection act - 1972
17) Project tiger - 1973
18) The transport of animals rule - 1978
19) Experimental animals act - 1982
20) Recognition of zoo rule - 1992
21) Project Elephant - 1992
22) Breeding and experiment on animals rules - 1998
23) The performing animal rule - 2001
24) The animals birth control (Dogs) rule - 2001
25) Cow protection act - 2017

Sections

1) illegal harm to the animals - IPC 44
2) Avoids the summons being served / Intentionally prevent the serving of summons - IPC 172 & 173
3) False evidence - IPC 193
4) False certification of animals - IPC 197
5) Adulteration of food and drinks etc. - IPC 272
6) Selling of adulterated food and drinks etc. - IPC 273
7) Adulteration of medicines and drugs etc. - IPC 274
8) Selling of adulterated medicines and drugs etc. - IPC 275
9) Be******ty - IPC 377
10) Fraud - IPC 420
11) Mischief / Killing, poisoning, maiming - IPC 428,429

19/05/2021

Aminoglycoside .. Streptomycin

spectrum Aminoglycoside... Tobramycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin (TAG)

- Anaerobic bacteria - Resistant

and Sulfa - inactive in pus

, Fluoroquinolones and Tetracyclines -Interaction with divalent cations

synergism with Beta lactams

- 30s ribosome - faulty protein synthesis - Bactericidal

inactivating enzyme is Acetyltransferases

mode of resistance in Aminoglycoside is inactivating enzymes

- Resistant to Transferases

side effects of Aminoglycoside is Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity

- most nephrotoxic and Ototoxic

- Least nephrotoxic and Vestibulotoxic

for Tuberculosis

Domagk (Prontonsil) ---> Sulfanilamide

for UTI is Sulfisoxazole and Sulfadoxine

for burn wound - Silver Sulfadiazine

acting Sulfa - Sulfasalazine and Sulfaguanidine

long acting Sulfa - Sulfadoxine

- inhibitor of Folic acid synthesis (Dihydrofolate synthase)

mode of resistance in Sulfa is Alternate metabolic pathway

of Sulfa by Acetylation

... Major side effects CRYSTALLURIA in Ruminants
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs
Kern Icterus in newborn

Sulfa (Sulfadiazine + Sulfamerazine + Sulfapyrazine)

inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase

- Johnson Syndrome - Sulfa and macrolides

synergism with Trimethoprim and Pyrimethamine (blocks Dihydrofolate reductase) --- SEQUENTIAL BLOCKADE

(static) + Trim(static) --->>ST (Bactericidal)

for Coccidiosis

colitis in dogs...Sulfasalazine

..Sulfa + Pyrimethamine

Tetracycline ... Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin)

- 30s ribosome - Inhibits protein synthesis --Bacteriostatic

- Extrarenal Excretion (Biliary)

for renal compromised animals is Doxycycline

mode of resistance is Tetracycline efflux

acting tetracycline is Doxycycline and Minocycline

poor oral Absorption , Except Doxycycline and Minocycline

deposited in bones and teeth ( Minocycline in fat)

side effects of tetracycline is Discolouration of teeth and Phototoxicity ( Doxycycline)

with Anti-anabolic
Effects is Tetracycline

antagonise ADH ... Diabetes Insipidus

tetracycline....Fanconi like syndrome

acid - Urinary antiseptic...

atom position - Fluoroquinolones (increases antibacterial spectrum)

and Aminoglycoside ... Concentration dependent and Post Antibiotic effect

#, Fluoroquinolones...for intracellular bacteria

...deep tissue pe*******on (Piperazine ring)

...inhibits DNA gyrase A... inhibitor of DNA synthesis... Bactericidal

mode of resistance is Target alteration

concentrated in lungs and bile

in urine (Moxifloxacin in bile )

side effects of fluoroquinolones is Arthropathy
and Tendinitis

prolongs QT interval (Fluoroquinolones and Macrolides.. Erythromycin)

...CNS stimualtion

Pseudomonas and Travellers diarrhoea (Ciprofloxacin)

term use of Enrofloxacin in cats.... Blindness

macrolide used clinically is Erythromycin

Antibiotic is Erythromycin

used for Toxoplasmosis is Clarithromycin

with long duration of action is Azithromycin

used for avian mycoplasmosis is Tylosin

... Spiramycin and Tylosin

... Clarithromycin for G +ve and Azithromycin for G-ve

..binds 50s ribosomes ...inhibits Translocation ...Bacteriostatic

high conc... Bactericidal

and Penicillin...Time dependant antimicrobial activity

resistance Between... macrolides, Lincosamides and Streotogramins

labile macrolide is Erythromycin

stable macrolides... Clarithromycin and Azithromycin

17/05/2021

http://vetshand.com

VetsHand is lovingly built and maintained by a team of dedicated vets focused on improving lives of pets and owners by our "animal welfare - centric approach"

30/04/2021

Father of Biology : Aristole
Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus
Father of Antibiotics : Alexander Fleming
Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner
Father of Microbiology : Anton van Leenuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis Pasteur
Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Koch
Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow
Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch
Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley
Father of Embryology : Aristotle
Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von Baer
Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales
Father of Modern experimental physiology : Calude Bernard
Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel
Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson
Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics : Arachibald Garrod
Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Morgan
Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics : Dodge
Father of Ecology : Theophrastus
Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut
Father of Plant anatomy : Grew
Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) : Malpighi
Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke
Father of modern Cytology : Swanson
Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci
Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier
Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles
Father of Botany: Theophrastus
Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin
Father of Zoology : Aristotle
Father of Biochemistry : Liebig
Father of Epidemiology : John Snow
Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary
Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf Virchow
Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg
Father of Gene therapy : Anderson
Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz
Father of Endocrinology : Thomas Addison
Father of Eugenics : Galton
Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk
Father of Palynology : Erdtman
Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye
Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven
Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec Jeffery
Father of Mycology : Micheli
Father of Bryology : Hedwig
Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann
Father of Chemotherapy :Father of Anatomy : Herophilus
Father of Modern Anatomy : Andrea

30/04/2021

Animal / Temp / puls / Resp
--------------------------------------------------
Cattle🐄 38.5 55-80 10_30

Equine🐴 37.6 28-40 10-14

Sheep🐏
& 39.4 70-90 20-30
Goat🐐

Dog🐕 38,7 65-90 15-30

Cat🐈 38,5 110-130 20-30

30/04/2021

Common Blood Collection Tubes, their additives and Laboratory Uses

1. Red
Additive: None
Laboratory Uses: Serum testing; chemistry studies, blood bank, serology (RH Typing, Antibody screening, Red Cell Phototyping, DAT)

2. Yellow
Additive: SPS (Sodium Polyanetholsulfonate)
What additive does: Prevents the blood from clotting and stabilizes bacterial growth.
Laboratory Uses: Blood and bodily fluid cultures (HLA, DNA, Paternity)

3. Light Blue:
Additive: Sodium Citrate
What additive does: Removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting
Laboratory uses: Coagulation (clotting process-P.T)

4. Green:
Additive: Heparin (Sodium/Lithium/Ammonium)
What additive does: Inhibits thrombin formation to prevent clotting
Laboratory uses: Chemistry Testing (Plasma determinations in chemistry)

5. Lavender:
Additives: EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid)
What additive does: Removes calcium preventing clotting of blood
Laboratory uses: Hematology testing (ESR, CBC w/diff., HgBA1c)

6. Grey:
Additives: Potassium oxalate and Sodium fluoride
What additive does: Removes calcium preventing clotting, fluoride inhibits glycolysis
Laboratory uses: Chemistry testing, especially glucose(sugar) and alcohol (Glucose, Alcohol, GTT, Glucose fasting)

7. Royal Blue:
Additives: Sodium Heparin also Sodium EDTA
What additive does: Inhibits Thrombin formation to prevent clotting
Laboratory uses: Chemistry trace elements (such as Zinc, Copper, Lead and Mercury)

8. Black:
Additives: Sodium Citrate
What additive does: Forms calcium salts to remove calcium