Vintage Veterinary Pharmacy-agrovet

27/05/2024

26/05/2024

Trainings…..

19/05/2024

28/11/2023

Commonly used in fluids

28/11/2023

*IS LIQUID PARAFFIN NECESSARY FOR CHICKS?*

After hatching, chicks take longer to start feeding on their own. Farmers are encouraged to give chicks liquid paraffin,at our farm we use it for the first four days after hatching

*Need for liquid paraffin to day-old chicks;*

1. It increases chicks' eating appetite.

2. The highly refined liquid helps to lubricate the food pathway.

3. It increases the chances of survival of the chicks.

4. It clears the throat in preparation for feed ingestion. It softens the throat as the oil is fine and smooth.

5. As the oil moves down the digestive system, it clears the gut and pushes any particles downwards.

6. It helps to reduce chances of constipation.

20/10/2023

Would you treat snake 🐍🤣🥰🥰🤞

29/09/2023

Canine Pseudopregnancy:
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Pseudopregnancy in dogs
(Kindly read and share 🙏)

Pseudopregnancy, also known as false pregnancy or pseudocyesis, is a condition in which a female dog displays signs of pregnancy despite not being pregnant. These signs can include nesting behavior, weight gain, enlarged mammary glands, and even lactation.

It's a hormonal response that can occur in intact (non-spayed) female dogs, typically around 6 to 12 weeks after their heat cycle. The body's hormonal fluctuations can mimic pregnancy, even though there is no actual pregnancy.

Most cases of pseudopregnancy in dogs resolve on their own without intervention. However, if the symptoms are severe or persistent, it's advisable to consult with a veterinarian. In some cases, the vet may prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms or, if the condition becomes recurrent and problematic, spaying might be recommended.

Pseudopregnancy in dogs is primarily triggered by hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in progesterone and prolactin levels. Here are some common causes:

Unsuccessful Mating or Infertility: If a dog goes through a heat cycle but doesn't conceive, the body may still respond as if it were pregnant.

Sensitivity to Hormonal Changes: Some dogs are more sensitive to hormonal changes, making them prone to pseudopregnancy.

Ovulation Without Mating: If a female ovulates without mating, it can lead to pseudopregnancy.

Hormonal Imbalance: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly progesterone and prolactin, can contribute to the development of false pregnancy.

Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds, especially those with strong maternal instincts, are more susceptible to pseudopregnancy.

Stress and Environmental Factors: Stress or changes in the dog's environment can influence hormonal balance and contribute to pseudopregnancy.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pseudopregnancy in dogs can mimic those of a real pregnancy. Common signs include:

Enlarged Mammary Glands: The mammary glands may become swollen and more prominent.

Lactation: Some dogs may produce milk, leading to lactation.

Nesting Behavior: The dog might exhibit nesting behaviors, such as gathering items to create a "nest."

Protective Behavior: Increased protectiveness over toys or objects, as if they were puppies.

Changes in Appetite: Appetite changes, either an increase or decrease in food intake.

Abdominal Enlargement: The abdomen may appear distended, mimicking the appearance of pregnancy.

Restlessness or Agitation: Behavioral changes such as restlessness or agitation.

Mothering of Objects: A dog may mother or guard objects as if they were her puppies.

Treatment

Treatment for pseudopregnancy in dogs depends on the severity of symptoms and the impact on the dog's well-being. Here are some common approaches:

Monitoring: In many cases, mild pseudopregnancy resolves on its own without intervention. Monitoring the dog's behavior and symptoms may be sufficient.

Comfort Measures: Providing a comfortable and quiet environment can help ease the dog's stress and anxiety associated with pseudopregnancy.

Dietary Adjustments: Adjusting the dog's diet, such as reducing caloric intake, may help manage weight gain and lactation.

Avoiding Nesting: Discourage nesting behaviors to prevent reinforcing the false pregnancy.

Hormonal Medications: In severe cases, a veterinarian may prescribe hormonal medications to suppress lactation and other symptoms. These medications are typically used with caution and under professional guidance.

Spaying: For dogs experiencing recurrent or severe pseudopregnancy, spaying (ovariohysterectomy) may be recommended. Spaying eliminates the hormonal fluctuations that lead to false pregnancy.

Management

Managing pseudopregnancy in dogs involves a combination of behavioral and medical approaches. Here are some strategies:

Behavioral Management:

Avoid Reinforcing Behaviors: Discourage nesting and mothering behaviors to prevent reinforcing the false pregnancy.

Provide Distractions: Engage the dog in activities and play to redirect attention from nesting tendencies.

Maintain Routine: Stick to a consistent daily routine to reduce stress and anxiety.

Dietary Adjustments:

Modify Diet: Adjust the dog's diet to meet her nutritional needs without excessive caloric intake. Consult with a veterinarian for appropriate dietary changes.

Comfort Measures:

Create a Comfortable Environment: Provide a quiet and comfortable space for the dog to reduce stress.

Use Comfort Items: Offer soft bedding or toys for comfort.

Medical Intervention:

Hormonal Medications: In severe cases, hormonal medications may be prescribed by a veterinarian to suppress lactation and other symptoms.

Spaying: Consider spaying if the dog experiences recurrent or severe pseudopregnancy. Spaying eliminates the hormonal fluctuations that lead to false pregnancy.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups:

Monitoring Health: Regular veterinary check-ups help monitor the dog's overall health and address any emerging issues.

Early Intervention:

Recognize Signs Early: Be attentive to early signs of pseudopregnancy and seek veterinary advice promptly if symptoms are concerning.

Discuss Breeding Plans: If you have plans to breed your dog, consult with a veterinarian to ensure a well-managed breeding program that minimizes the risk of false pregnancies.

Side effects of pseudopregnancy in dogs in long term health

Pseudopregnancy itself is not typically associated with serious long-term health issues in dogs. However, if the condition becomes recurrent or severe, it may impact the dog's well-being in various ways:

Behavioral Changes:

Repeated pseudopregnancies can lead to behavioral changes, such as increased anxiety or stress, which may affect the overall mental well-being of the dog.

Weight Gain and Obesity:

Pseudopregnancy may be accompanied by changes in appetite and metabolism, potentially leading to weight gain. Obesity can contribute to various health problems.

Reproductive Issues:

Persistent pseudopregnancy might interfere with a dog's reproductive health, affecting future breeding plans if applicable.

Nursing-Related Complications:

Lactation associated with pseudopregnancy may lead to complications such as mastitis (inflammation of the mammary glands) if not managed properly.

Recurrent Hormonal Fluctuations:

Hormonal fluctuations associated with repeated pseudopregnancies might theoretically impact the endocrine system, but the extent of these effects is not well-documented.

It's important to note that individual dogs may respond differently to pseudopregnancy, and the severity of symptoms can vary. While the condition itself is not typically a direct threat to a dog's long-term health, addressing recurrent or severe cases with the guidance of a veterinarian is essential to ensure the well-being of the animal. In some instances, if the condition is problematic, spaying might be recommended to prevent future occurrences. Always consult with a veterinarian for advice tailored to your specific situation.

Veterinarian To Be

Everyone

29/04/2023

Best Doctor in the world is Veterinarian.He can’t ask his patients what is the matter ….he is just got to know…

Happy World Veterinary Day.
29th April 2023

We are proud to be associated with you.

ProVet:Your Perfect Animal Health Partner.

23/07/2022

06/07/2022

10 Facts sheet about colostrum:

1) cows dried for less than 45 days have poor quality colostrum

2) Cows underfed while dry have low quality colostrum

3) Cows that leak milk before calving, the colostrum produced/ fed to calves tends to be of low quality.

4) Cows with very light/ thin colostrum denoted poor quality.

5) Cows that produce alot if colostrum tends to have low quality colostrum.

6) Bloody colostrum is of poor quality and shouldnt be fed to calves. (Could be bloody due to mastitis or ruptured veins)

7) colostrum can be frozen upto one year, refrigerated for a week and at room temperature for 2 days.

8) Colostrum is the first milk produced after calving, subsequent milk is known as transition milk.

9) First calvers have low quality colostrum as compared to older animals.

10) Colostrum from cows suffering from diseases like Johnes disease shouldnt be fed to calves at all.

For supa phos kiwination/ dairy consultancy/ virtual training/feed formation contact 0759945708

📸 nyahururu based farmer.

10/04/2022

How to get optimum Maize production

Maize is undoubtedly the primary staple food in Kenya. Any factor that influences maize yields is therefore of key concern to farmers. Extraneous factors such as weather patterns notwithstanding, it is important for maize farmers to pay attention to all the good standard practices needed for optimum production.
Firstly, the farmer needs to understand their agro ecological zone. This helps determine the climatic conditions ideal for maize production and informs correct hybrid seed choice. At this juncture, the farmer needs to understand the soil characteristics prevalent in their field. Maize is a nutrient intensive and requires adequate supplies of all nutrients for all growth stages. Fertile, well drained, well aerated and good textured soil is able to supply these nutrients. However, soil pH determines the availability of nutrients in the soil. pH is the level of acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Maize crops grow best at a soil pH of between 5.5 and 7.3, with pH 6.0–6.5 being optimal. In this range, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium are readily available. Nitrogen helps in establishment of healthy leaves, phosphorus for root formation, potassium for fruiting while secondary nutrients such as calcium and magnesium among others are critical for crop physiological functions. Soil testing helps establish the available nutrients and the remedial steps that need to be undertaken in case of deficiencies. Fertile soil should be well prepared for sowing. The correct tillage method ensures ample availability of all plant nutrients, water retention and reduced incidences of pests and diseases.

It is important for the farmer to prepare for sowing by selecting the correct seed. Indeed, good seed doesn’t cost, it pays. In the case of maize, “good seed” often equates to good hybrid seed. Commercially acquired certified seeds are as a standard practice dressed with a fungicide and an insecticide to prevent diseases and insects respectively. A novel and growing practice is the further dressing with beneficial microorganisms such as Panoramix to ensure robust growth characterised by well-established root system. This improves nutrient and water use efficiency, resulting in a healthy resilient crop able to achieve higher yields. In addition, the correct sowing depth will ensure uniform emergence and good plant population.
During, sowing it is crucial to use the right nutrient sources which include organic manure and fertilizers. Organic manure should be applied few weeks before sowing. For better fertilizer efficiency, it is important to use the 4R principles, which are the four ‘rights’ of fertilizer management i.e. apply the right source of nutrient at the right rate, at the right time and in the right place. Maize also requires ‘booster nitrogen’ over the growing period. It is important to top dress after 25-30 days of sowing and do the final top dressing after 20-25 days of first top dressing.
It should be noted that the emergence, comes with other unwanted plants that compete with maize for nutrients. It is important to remove the unwanted plants by weeding regularly. If all these steps are followed, and the weather patterns are favourable, then the farmer is guaranteed of a bumper harvest.How to get optimum Maize production

Maize is undoubtedly the primary staple food in Kenya. Any factor that influences maize yields is therefore of key concern to farmers. Extraneous factors such as weather patterns notwithstanding, it is important for maize farmers to pay attention to all the good standard practices needed for optimum production.
Firstly, the farmer needs to understand their agro ecological zone. This helps determine the climatic conditions ideal for maize production and informs correct hybrid seed choice. At this juncture, the farmer needs to understand the soil characteristics prevalent in their field. Maize is a nutrient intensive and requires adequate supplies of all nutrients for all growth stages. Fertile, well drained, well aerated and good textured soil is able to supply these nutrients. However, soil pH determines the availability of nutrients in the soil. pH is the level of acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Maize crops grow best at a soil pH of between 5.5 and 7.3, with pH 6.0–6.5 being optimal. In this range, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium are readily available. Nitrogen helps in establishment of healthy leaves, phosphorus for root formation, potassium for fruiting while secondary nutrients such as calcium and magnesium among others are critical for crop physiological functions. Soil testing helps establish the available nutrients and the remedial steps that need to be undertaken in case of deficiencies. Fertile soil should be well prepared for sowing. The correct tillage method ensures ample availability of all plant nutrients, water retention and reduced incidences of pests and diseases.

It is important for the farmer to prepare for sowing by selecting the correct seed. Indeed, good seed doesn’t cost, it pays. In the case of maize, “good seed” often equates to good hybrid seed. Commercially acquired certified seeds are as a standard practice dressed with a fungicide and an insecticide to prevent diseases and insects respectively. A novel and growing practice is the further dressing with beneficial microorganisms such as Panoramix to ensure robust growth characterised by well-established root system. This improves nutrient and water use efficiency, resulting in a healthy resilient crop able to achieve higher yields. In addition, the correct sowing depth will ensure uniform emergence and good plant population.
During, sowing it is crucial to use the right nutrient sources which include organic manure and fertilizers. Organic manure should be applied few weeks before sowing. For better fertilizer efficiency, it is important to use the 4R principles, which are the four ‘rights’ of fertilizer management i.e. apply the right source of nutrient at the right rate, at the right time and in the right place. Maize also requires ‘booster nitrogen’ over the growing period. It is important to top dress after 25-30 days of sowing and do the final top dressing after 20-25 days of first top dressing.
It should be noted that the emergence, comes with other unwanted plants that compete with maize for nutrients. It is important to remove the unwanted plants by weeding regularly. If all these steps are followed, and the weather patterns are favourable, then the farmer is guaranteed of a bumper harvest.

19/02/2022

Don’t hesitate to vaccinate! 💉💉💉

Certain animal diseases:

⭕️ cause animal deaths
⭕️ threaten food security
⭕️ affect livelihoods
⭕️ increase the risks of spillover to humans

Luckily, some of them can be prevented through vaccination. 💪👍 to safeguard a bright future for us all.

19/02/2022

🐄🐄
_______________
Bloat is an over distention of the rumen and reticulum with the gases of fermentation.Tympany is caused by a physical or functional obstruction or stenosis of esophagus resulting in failure to eructate .

In adult animals, free-gas bloat is less frequent and usually more acute because disturbances of the adult rumen tend to be more rapid and severe .Prodigious volumes of gas are continually generated in the rumen through the process of microbial fermentation. Normally, the bulk of this gas is eliminated by eructation or belching, which ruminants are spend a lot of time doing. Certainly, anything that interferes with eructation will cause major problems for a ruminant. The problem, of course, is called ruminal tympany or, simply, bloatBloat is the overdistension of the rumen and reticulum with gases derived from fermentation. The disorder is perhaps most commonly seen in cattle, but certainly is not uncommon in sheep and goats.

Clinical Signs.
_______________
2There is discomfort and the animal may stand and lie down frequently, kick at its abdomen and even roll.
3. Frequent defecation and urination are common.
4. Dyspnea is marked and is accompanied by mouth breathing, protrusion of the tongue, salivation and extension of the head.
5. The respiratory rate is increased up to 60/min.
6. Ruminal contractions are usually increased in strength and frequency in the early stages and may be almost continuous,

Treatment and Control
_______________________
Bloat is a life threatening condition and must be relieved with haste. For animals in severe distress, rumen gas should be released immediately by emergency rumenotomy. Insertion of a rumen trochar through the left flank into rumen is sometimes advocated, but usually not very effective unless it has a large bore (i.e. 1 inch), and is often followed by complications such as peritonitis.
In less severe cases, a large bore stomach tube should be passed down the esophagus into the rumen. Free gas will readily flow out the tube, although it may need to be repositioned repeatedly to effectively relieve the pressure. In the case of frothy bloat, antifoaming medications can be delivered directly into the rumen through the tube; the animal should then be closely observed to insure that the treatment is effective and the animal begins to belch gas, otherwise a rumenotomy may be indicated.

Use mineral oil 🛢
Charcoals
Carminatives

18/02/2022

Canine Parvovirus

07/02/2022

Microscope 🔬

18/12/2021

Israeli Dairy Farms: The success of Israel’s dairy industry is largely due to widespread use of advanced farm management practices and

12/12/2021

Chicken anatomy

04/12/2021

DECEMBER 2021 BEEF FEEDLOT TRAINING PROGRAM

FARM SITE: NAROK, COUNTY

FARM VISIT & TRAINING: 7/1/2022
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TRAINING COURSE
MODULE 1

BEEF BREEDS AND BREEDING
Introduction to the Module

This module is designed for training farmers on types of beef breeds in a changing climate, characteristics and quality of good beef cattle, principles of beef cattle breeding and breeding systems, selection and management of breeding stock and breeds registration. Beef production requires information on breeds suitable for the different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and parentage of the breeding herd through proper recording system. Quality breeding stock can be maintained and improved through rigorous selection and long-term breeding programs.

Quality beef production begins with having quality beef breeding stock which grow fast and attain market weights within the desired time. Thus, the need for beef producers to understand which breeds is desired by different markets and their carcass quality. A sound breeding program is key in attaining carcass quality and finishing weights within specified time as demanded by different markets. Thus, need for pastoralists and agro-pastoralists to understand the principles of breeding beef cattle, suitable beef breeds for different AEZs and the importance of breeds registration.

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, the following shall be achieved:

1. Characteristics and qualities of good beef cattle explained
2. Types of beef breeds described
3. Principles of beef breeding and breeding systems explained
4. Selection and management of breeding stock: breeding bulls and heifers explained
5. Importance and methods of breed registration discussed

_____________________________________________________________
MODULE 2

COW TO CALF MANAGEMENT

Introduction to the Module
This module is designed for training farmers on calf management which starts from management of the cow. Maintaining a sustainable beef production enterprise depends on production of healthy replacement heifers and maintaining healthy reproductive cows. Continuous production of calves is the basis of a sustainable beef production enterprise. One calf per cow per year is an indicator of a fertile and well managed herd. Growth of beef herds is often slowed by high mortality rates of calves which is a typical in pastoral livestock production systems in the ASALs. Pre-weaning calf mortality ranges between 10 and 20% in traditional beef and dairy production systems in Kenya. Poor feeding and helminth infections have been reported to increase calf mortality by almost 50%. Therefore, appropriate, calf, heifer and cow management are key to sustain beef production.

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, the following shall be achieved:
• Management of heifers and cows explained
• Management of in-calf heifers and cows explained
• Birth management: signs of parturition, safe delivery and colostrum feeding discussed
• Milk suckling management explained
• Calf husbandry practices explained

_______________________________________________________
MODULE 3

WEANER MANAGEMENT
Introduction to the Module

This module is designed for training farmers on weaner and steer management for a profitable beef enterprise in a changing climate. Production of weaners with high weaning weights is desirable for subsequent growth of replacement heifers, bulls and steers.

Pastoralists scout and buy ‘good’ bulls but do not consider crucial indicators of productivity such as weaning weight, years to first calving and years to market weight for steers. This results in low herd productivity, low quality beef and low profitability. The pastoralists therefore keep large herds to increase their profit margins.

There is therefore need to address the challenges that lead to low growth rates of weaners and steers to improve herd productivity, besides reducing pressure on the environment

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the training, the following shall be achieved:

• Appropriate management strategies of weaners and steers for fast growth rates explained
• Replacement heifers and bull selection explained
• Methods of finishing steers for the target markets discussed
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MODULE 4

BEEF CATTLE RECORDS

Introduction to the Module

This module is designed for use in training farmers of PFS on record keeping. This is necessary to improve their knowledge, skills and attitude towards record keeping and livestock identification to enable beef producers become market oriented, profitable and competitive. Records are essential to any business activity for reference and decision making. For business ventures, records help in ascertaining whether the business is profitable. In the beef production enterprises, records help in decision making during selection of replacement heifers, bulls, cull animals and sales. They are also used for monitoring performance and productivity of the entire herd. Further, records such as stud records are used to conserve and improve breed traits.

There is therefore need for beef producers to understand the importance of maintaining records especially under the changing market demands and consumer requirements. Further, there is need for beef producers to add value to their animals by registering them.

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, the following shall be achieved:
• Livestock identification methods and importance discussed
• The importance of keeping records discussed
• Type of records to keep and their importance explained

____________________________________________________________
MODULE 5

BEEF CATTLE HANDLING STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT

Introduction to the Module

This module is designed for use in training farmers on animal handling structures, tools and equipment in beef production enterprises. Most beef in the country is produced in the pastoral and agro-pastoral areas where traditional animal handling structures, equipment and practices are used.

Though the present handling practices may be fit for the purpose, the product can hardly access premium markets as it does not meet market requirements. Appropriate beef cattle handling structures and equipment are essential in beef producing farms to enable producers have a wide array of markets for their produce that may increase profitability. Further, high (10-20%) calf mortality in the pastoral systems is associated with poor hygiene and housing. In addition, some zoonotic diseases have been reported in pastoral systems due to poor handling of livestock especially where calves share the same houses with people.

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, the following shall be achieved:

• The importance of proper beef cattle handling structures, tools and equipment discussed
• Appropriate farm structures and tools for handling beef cattle to minimize losses and increase productivity explained

TIME:

____________________________________________________________________
MODULE 6

FEEDS AND FEEDING

Introduction to the Module

This module is designed for training farmers in addressing the perennial challenge of feed in most livestock production systems. Feed is the major input in livestock as it constitutes about 60 – 70% of the production cost. Feed availability determines the quality and quantity of beef and beef products. However, feeds in beef producing areas are characterized by high variability in quantity and quality. A large percentage of forage produced during the wet season is also used uneconomically leading to wastage and scarcity during dry seasons. Droughts, whose frequency has increased with climate change, are characterized by massive livestock losses as pastoral and agro-pastoral communities hardly grow or store feed to last more than a year. Attempts at growing forage are done on small portions of land, inadequate to support livestock during prolonged droughts. Storage/preservation of forages is mainly left as standing hay resulting in losses of quantity and quality. Interventions that ensure continuous availability of quality feed are necessary not only to increase productivity but to reduce GHG production.

Module Learning Outcomes

By the end of the module, the following shall be achieved:
• Beef cattle production systems explained
• Climate smart forage varieties for beef production explained
• Forage conservation discussed, demonstrated
• Beef nutrition explained
• Beef finishing explained

______________________________________________________
TRAINING DESIGN

Delivery System

The delivery system designed for this training consists of two stages:

1. Establishment of Members WhatsApp group as a basic learning portal
• A Core Team of Trainers (CTT) trains farmer. This is done using this modules contained herein.
• Each of the member farmers will receive daily tutorials via the agreed WhatsApp group portal and via his/her email.
• Member farmers will be free to ask questions on the group portal or directly via telephone number to be provided.

______________________________________________________
Training Duration

The initial course for these modules in the Beef value chain shall take four weeks
_____________________________
Online training alone kshs 1200.
______________________________________________________
ONE DAY On farm training and site visit our Narok Feedlot Facility ( See video and photos attached ( inclusive of lunch and transport from Nairobi and Back)

COST : Kshs 5,500
____________________________________________________________
Farm Visit: 7/1/2022
_____________________________________________________________
You can pay via mpesa till 664444
____________________________________________________________________
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS

Due to government advisory on public gatherings, we are taking only 70 people per lot
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TO ENROLL

To enroll yourself for this training, Kindly Call Stephen Muthiani, African Farm Resource Centre on 0724 512 194 or Email [email protected]

24/11/2021

Cut healing