Vet and your birds

28/04/2024

Case of bloat
What did you think...
Keep following Vet and your birds

26/04/2024

26/04/2024

CANINE DISTEMPER
Canine distemper is a highly contagious virus caused by the paramyxovirus. It is seen in dogs, cats around the world, but it can also affect ferrets, racoons, skunks, grey foxes, and many other animals.

SYMPTOMS OF CANINE DISTEMPER

Canine distemper affects the gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, immune, and central nervous systems. Symptoms can take up to 14 days to show up after exposure.

Healthy Dogs Guide
Canine Distemper
Medically Reviewed by Vanesa Farmer, DVM on September 05, 2023 Written by WebMD Editorial Contributor
3 min read
Canine distemper is a highly contagious virus caused by the paramyxovirus. It is seen in dogs around the world, but it can also affect ferrets, racoons, skunks, grey foxes, and many other animals.

Symptoms of Canine Distemper
Canine distemper affects the gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, immune, and central nervous systems. Symptoms can take up to 14 days to show up after exposure.

Signs and symptoms of canine distemper include:

Fever
Nasal discharge
Eye discharge
Lethargy
Sneezing
Coughing
Difficulty breathing
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Loss of appetite
Thickening of nose and foot pads
Pneumonia
Skin sores
Pain
Canine distemper may also cause brain inflammation and neurological symptoms, which is often confused with rabies. Neurological symptoms of canine distemper include:

Muscle twitching
Chewing-gum fits
Excessive saliva
Head tilt
Circling
Involuntary eye movements
Paralysis or partial paralysis
Seizures
At first, you may not notice symptoms of canine distemper, and it can be mistaken for other viruses and infections.

CAUSES OF CANINE DISTEMPER
Canine distemper is caused by the paramyxovirus virus. Animals get infected from contact with infected urine, blood, saliva, or respiratory droplets. Of these, transmission usually happens through droplets. It can be spread through coughing and sneezing or contaminated food and water bowls.

Canine distemper can occur year round, but the virus is resistant to cold. The majority of cases in domestic dogs occur in the late fall and winter.

Healthy Dogs Guide
Canine Distemper
Medically Reviewed by Vanesa Farmer, DVM on September 05, 2023 Written by WebMD Editorial Contributor
3 min read
Canine distemper is a highly contagious virus caused by the paramyxovirus. It is seen in dogs around the world, but it can also affect ferrets, racoons, skunks, grey foxes, and many other animals.

Symptoms of Canine Distemper
Canine distemper affects the gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, immune, and central nervous systems. Symptoms can take up to 14 days to show up after exposure.

Signs and symptoms of canine distemper include:

Fever
Nasal discharge
Eye discharge
Lethargy
Sneezing
Coughing
Difficulty breathing
Vomiting
Diarrhea
FEATURED
Separation Anxiety in Dogs
OTC Meds That Are Safe for Dogs (and How Much to Give)
What Is Kennel Cough?

Loss of appetite
Thickening of nose and foot pads
Pneumonia
Skin sores
Pain
Canine distemper may also cause brain inflammation and neurological symptoms, which is often confused with rabies. Neurological symptoms of canine distemper include:

Muscle twitching

Chewing-gum fits
Excessive saliva
Head tilt
Circling
Involuntary eye movements
Paralysis or partial paralysis
Seizures
At first, you may not notice symptoms of canine distemper, and it can be mistaken for other viruses and infections. Your dog can get a mild or severe case and may have symptoms that only last 10 days. However, neurological symptoms may be delayed and show up months after infection.

Causes of Canine Distemper
Canine distemper is caused by the paramyxovirus virus. Animals get infected from contact with infected urine, blood, saliva, or respiratory droplets. Of these, transmission usually happens through droplets. It can be spread through coughing and sneezing or contaminated food and water bowls.

Canine distemper can occur year round, but the virus is resistant to cold. The majority of cases in domestic dogs occur in the late fall and winter.

TREATMENT FOR CANINE DISTEMPER

There is no cure for canine distemper, but your vet can recommend supportive care and symptom treatment.

Some treatments for canine distemper may include:

Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Pain relievers
Seizure medications
Electrolytes
IV nutrition
Fever reducers
Hospitalization
It’s important to visit your vet right away if you suspect your dog is sick. Immediate and aggressive treatment may help your dog recover completely, but sometimes neurological symptoms persist in some animals.

Healthy Dogs Guide
Canine Distemper
Medically Reviewed by Vanesa Farmer, DVM on September 05, 2023 Written by WebMD Editorial Contributor
3 min read
Canine distemper is a highly contagious virus caused by the paramyxovirus. It is seen in dogs around the world, but it can also affect ferrets, racoons, skunks, grey foxes, and many other animals.

Symptoms of Canine Distemper
Canine distemper affects the gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, immune, and central nervous systems. Symptoms can take up to 14 days to show up after exposure.

Signs and symptoms of canine distemper include:

Fever
Nasal discharge
Eye discharge
Lethargy
Sneezing
Coughing
Difficulty breathing
Vomiting
Diarrhea
FEATURED
Separation Anxiety in Dogs
OTC Meds That Are Safe for Dogs (and How Much to Give)
What Is Kennel Cough?
Loss of appetite
Thickening of nose and foot pads
Pneumonia
Skin sores
Pain
Canine distemper may also cause brain inflammation and neurological symptoms, which is often confused with rabies. Neurological symptoms of canine distemper include:

Muscle twitching

Chewing-gum fits
Excessive saliva
Head tilt
Circling
Involuntary eye movements
Paralysis or partial paralysis
Seizures
At first, you may not notice symptoms of canine distemper, and it can be mistaken for other viruses and infections. Your dog can get a mild or severe case and may have symptoms that only last 10 days. However, neurological symptoms may be delayed and show up months after infection.

Causes of Canine Distemper
Canine distemper is caused by the paramyxovirus virus. Animals get infected from contact with infected urine, blood, saliva, or respiratory droplets. Of these, transmission usually happens through droplets. It can be spread through coughing and sneezing or contaminated food and water bowls.

Canine distemper can occur year round, but the virus is resistant to cold. The majority of cases in domestic dogs occur in the late fall and winter.

How Dogs Get Canine Distemper
Your dog can get canine distemper by being around other dogs or wild animals that have the virus. Puppies or older dogs that haven’t been vaccinated are most vulnerable. Dogs in shelters may also be vulnerable since their vaccinations may not be up to date.

When to See the Vet for Canine Distemper
You should visit your vet when your dog shows any signs of canine distemper or you’re concerned about your dog’s health. Canine distemper is highly contagious among animals and requires aggressive medical treatment.

You should also see the vet if:

You don’t know your dog’s vaccination history
Your puppy is six weeks old and ready for a vaccination
Your dog has been exposed to other animals with distemper
Diagnosis for Canine Distemper
Your vet will need to examine your dog to diagnose canine distemper. Sometimes signs of canine distemper don’t always appear right away, and it may look like other diseases or infections.

Your vet may run different tests to rule out conditions like:

Rocky mountain spotted fever
Leptospirosis
Contagious viral hepatitis
Toxin poisoning
Your vet may take throat, nose, or eye swabs, or urine or bone marrow samples. Testing these samples will help look for viral infection. They may also test blood or spinal fluid for antibodies or take biopsies of the footpad to test for viral DNA.

Treatment for Canine Distemper
There is no cure for canine distemper, but your vet can recommend supportive care and symptom treatment.

Some treatments for canine distemper may include:

Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Pain relievers
Seizure medications
Electrolytes

IV nutrition
Fever reducers
Hospitalization
It’s important to visit your vet right away if you suspect your dog is sick. Immediate and aggressive treatment may help your dog recover completely, but sometimes neurological symptoms persist in some animals. In these cases, your vet may prescribe immune system medications, anti-inflammatories, or steroids, but they’re not always successful.

For some dogs, canine distemper can be serious and fatal.

PREVENTING CANINE DISTEMPER

You can prevent canine distemper in puppies and your adult dog through vaccination. Puppies can receive the distemper vaccine at six weeks old and then every three to four weeks until 16 weeks old. Immunity may last for three years or more, but your vet may recommend a specific vaccine schedule based on how common distemper is in your area.

If your dog can’t be vaccinated, avoid other dogs that are sick or that may have the virus. Maintain a healthy diet and exercise program and clean your dog’s living area regularly. While these may not directly prevent distemper, they will help keep your dog healthy.

Keep following Vet and your birds

25/04/2024

Vaccination schedule for the Ruminate

Keep following

Vet and your birds for more information

25/04/2024

ANTHRAX

Anthrax, a highly infectious and fatal disease of mammals and humans, is caused by a relatively large spore-forming rectangular shaped bacterium called Bacillus anthracis.

Anthrax occurs on all the continents, causes acute mortality in ruminants and is a zoonosis. The bacteria produce extremely potent toxins which are responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. While most mammals are susceptible, anthrax is typically a disease of ruminants and humans.

It does not typically spread from animal to animal nor from person to person. The bacteria produce spores on contact with oxygen.

CLINICAL SIGNS

**Sudden death (often within 2 or 3 hours of being apparently normal) is by far the most common sign;

**Very occasionally some animals may show trembling, a high temperature, difficulty breathing, collapse and convulsions before death. This usually occurs over a period of 24 hours;

**After death blood may not clot, resulting in a small amount of bloody discharge from the nose, mouth and other openings/

**Cattle and sheep with anthrax generally die suddenly. Just before death, animals may show signs of high fever. Blood may be present around the nose, mouth and a**s of carcasses. In many cases you may not see this sign, so it should not be relied on to diagnose anthrax.

DIAGNOSIS

°°On the clinical signs described above;

°°Rod-shaped bacteria surrounded by a capsule are visible in blood smears made from surface blood vessels.

°°Post-mortem examinations should not be undertaken on suspected anthrax cases (including any cow that has died suddenly for no apparent rea*on) until a blood smear has proved negative);

°°If a carcass is opened accidentally, the spleen is usually swollen and there is bloodstained fluid in all body cavities.

TREATMENT

Due to the rapidity of the disease treatment is seldom possible, although high doses of penicillin have been effective in the later stages of some outbreaks.

PREVENTIONS

✓✓Infection is usually acquired through the ingestion of contaminated soil, fodder or compound feed. Anthrax spores in the soil are very resistant and can cause disease when ingested even years after an outbreak. The spores are brought to the surface by wet weather, or by deep tilling, and when ingested or inhaled by ruminants the disease reappears.

✓✓Where an outbreak has occurred, carcases must be disposed of properly, the carcase should not be open (exposure to oxygen will allow the bacteria to form spores) and premises should be quarantined until all susceptible animals are vaccinated.

✓✓Vaccination in endemic areas is very important. Although vaccination will prevent outbreaks veterinary services sometimes fail to vaccinate when the disease has not appeared for several years. But because the spores survive for such lengthy periods, the risk is always present..

Keep following Vet and your birds

18/04/2024

Day3

28/02/2024

Naira to dollar is now below ₦1500
Naira to pounds is now below ₦2000

is working, and the enemies of Nigeria are being put to shame. If you want the Naira to rise even further in value, please do the following:

Drive Innoson, Nord or Jet Motors
Call with Glo
Build with Dangote and BUA
Eat breakfast with Nasco
Lunch and dinner with made in Nigeria rice, even if it has stones
Go on dates at Tantalisers and Suya spots
Drink Zobo
Celebrate with palm wine
Fly Air Peace over Air France, KLM, or Lufthansa
Shop at local markets
Eat cassava bread over foreign wheat bread
Watch Enyimba and Kano Pillars
See Nollywood movies at Silverbird
Stream Nigerian music
Wear a*o oke, agbada, babanriga, or isi agu

21/02/2024

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘀

I smile anytime I remember how I ran to buy booster for my broilers some years back.

I had mis-managed the brooding of one batch of broilers and the outcome was terrible. At week 5, the birds were looking like 3 weeks old birds, full of feathers and flying everywhere.

I got 2 of the best boosters available and gave my birds for the next one week coupled with plenty prayers.

Can you guess the effect of the booster on my birds?

Read on to see how boosters work and what my results were.

𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸

Boosters or growth promoters are substances that causes birds to grow very rapidly when they take it into their body either through feed or water or injection.

There are 4 groups of boosters for broilers

1. Vitamin based boosters
2. Antibiotics based boosters
3. Steroids/Hormones based boosters
4. Organic based boosters

The vitamin based booster assumes that your birds are not growing because they lack the necessary vitamins and amino acids.
Manufacturers therefore package vitamins and amino acids in high concentration and sell under the name of booster.

Antibiotics based boosters assume your birds are not growing because disease causing organisms are either interfering the normal growth process or competing with the bird for nutrient. This group of boosters therefore package relevant antibiotics in effective dosages and sell as boosters

Steroids and hormonal based growth promoters should ideally be the most effective category of boosters but they have been banned since the 1950’s and are not available commercially.

Organic boosters improve growth indirectly by improving the flavor and taste of feed, giving inviting aroma that encourages the birds to eat more, improving water consumption for better digestion, improving gut flora and introducing beneficial micro organisms.

𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗜 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀? 𝗔𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲?

From the above, you will see clearly that boosters are not really needed if you do the following:

1. Feed your birds high quality feed having the correct nutrients and also use poultry multivitamin in their water.

2. Follow your medication schedule to keep your birds healthy.

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 𝗯𝗼𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸

Growth boosters will not be effective if the bird is sick. Boosters will not cure the sickness. Get a vet to visit and attend to your birds.

Boosters will not work for you if the feed quality is poor or you are not giving your birds enough feed daily. Broilers are feed converting machines. The habit of giving your birds feed only in the morning and evening may be why their growth is poor. Ideally, they should have feed available all through the day.

Also, nothing can be done to improve the growth of a chick that is defective from the hatchery. If you find defective chicks, just throw them again. They are a waste of time and money.

Finally, if you mismanage your brooding and your birds could not grow properly in the first 3 weeks, please sell what you have at any price you can get. Those birds will never do well again even if you give them all the feed and boosters in the world.

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗼𝗼𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀

You do not need boosters if your birds meet the following conditions:

1. They are not sick

2. They came in as good and healthy chicks

3. They are fed enough good quality feed

4. You are doing all that is required to take care of them.

Unfortunately, if your birds do not meet up these conditions, boosters will still not work even if you administer a dozen pack of it to them.

𝘽𝙤𝙤𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙝𝙮𝙥𝙚𝙙. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙟𝙪𝙨𝙩 𝙖 𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙠 𝙩𝙤 𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙮 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙛𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙨. They are an unnecessary addition to Production cost.

You have received knowledge. The choice is yours to make now.

May our farms be good.

Keep following Vet and your birds

15/02/2024

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Vet and your birds

04/02/2024

FOWL TYPHOID

FOWL TYPHOID is a disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella gallinarium. Poultry are natural hosts for this bacterium. Although the incidence of fowl typhoid in the United States and Canada is relatively low, it can be high in other countries.

Fowl typhoid can be introduced into a flock by wild birds, mammals, and flies. Within a flock, fowl typhoid is spread by bird-to-bird contact as well as through cannibalism of infected carcasses, wound contamination, and f***l contamination of feed, water, and litter. In addition, the bacteria can spread to chicks in the egg, as when eggs come from a contaminated hatchery.

CLINICAL SIGNS

Fowl Typhoid usually affects birds in final growth or adults, causing fever, anorexia, deep depression, diarrhea and severe mortality. Depending on the stage and severity of the infection, necropsy may show signs ranging from minimally affected o***y, to a clear condition of an enlarged liver (with a dark copper/bronze-like color) and splenomegaly.

The clinical signs of Pullorum disease vary according to age and strain involved. When apparent, the infection is more expressive in young birds (from 10 days to 3 weeks of age), causing prostration, white diarrhea, agonic breathing, anorexia and mortality. The post-mortem may show peritonitis, generalized congestion and focal necrosis in organs (liver/spleen/lungs/heart), eventually seen as "white dots". Older birds have no clear symptoms but can get infected and transmit the agent to the progeny.

TREATMENT

Treatment is not feasible. Recovered birds have a tendency to become carriers. It is best to depopulate a flock that tests positive for Salmonella gallinarium.
In Nigeria drug such asAmoxycillin, potentiated sulponamide, tetracylines, fluoroquinolones.
Is used

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

To prevent fowl typhoid, obtain your birds or hatching eggs from a hatchery participating in the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP). Do not mix NPIP-certified flocks with noncertified birds.

Both diseases can be controlled and eradicated by use of serological testing and elimination of positive birds. Vaccines may be used to control the disease and antibiotics for the treatment of FT and PD.

The best strategy to prevent these diseases is the application of biosecurity measures, such as: obtaining birds only from free breeders, control of direct/indirect contact with birds and contaminated environments, control of biological vectors and fomites, control of feed and water quality, people transit control, periodic testing of the birds and isolation/elimination of infected flocks.

For more information please 👇👇👇👇👇

Keep following Vet and your birds

03/02/2024

Because of money, because of fame. Money is different from fame.if one is rich, money brings fame. And the whole world will want to come to one,the whole world will want to become one's friend.and if one has fame, the fame will attract money but we should chase after money with caution, we should also chase after fame with caution. True it's good for us to search for money, we should look for fame like one who won't leave the world. but it's also good for us to be close to God Almighty Iike one that won't live till tomorrow because no matter how long we live, we will stay in heaven for a longer period.let all who chase after money and wealth take it easy. How many years are we going to really spend in life?
There are lots of mystery.
May God help us all.

02/02/2024

01/02/2024

Artificial insemination in chicken

Vet and your birds

30/01/2024

Thanks for being a top engager and making it on to my weekly engagement list! 🎉 Wilbetter Mtega, Haji Arab, Muktar Lawal Ibrahim, Korokahassan Zubairu, Nashon Osano, Tino Costa Sure, Ibraheem Adamu, Charles Chiengdieng, Fikru Hirko, Malushu Malindwa

26/01/2024

Healthy animal healthy life is our priority... Vet and your birds will always be there for you when you need them most.thanks

26/01/2024

FETUS PRESENTATION IN COW.

Vet and your birds

25/01/2024

PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN COW

Vet and your birds

25/01/2024

EYEWORM IN CANINE

Eye worm (Thelazia californiensis and T. callipaeda) are parasites found in dogs, cats, and other animals, including humans, in the western United States, Europe, and Asia. They are whitish, 0.5 to 0.75 inches (7 to 19 millimeters) long, and move in a rapid snake-like motion across the eye. Up to 100 eyeworms may be seen in the conjunctival sac, tear ducts, and on the conjunctiva under the nictitating membrane (third eyelid) and eyelids. Filth flies (including the common house fly) and, possibly, fruit flies serve as intermediate hosts and deposit the infective eyeworm larvae on the eye while feeding on secretions from the eyes.

SYMPTOMS OF EYEWORM (THELAZIA CALIFORNIENSIS) IN DOGS

One or more of the following symptoms are usually noticed during an infection of dog eyeworms:

*** Excessive tearing of the eyes

*** Inflamed conjunctiva (conjunctivitis)
Opaque corneas of the dog’s eyes

*** Slow healing sores or ulcers on the corneas of the eye

*** Blindness (rare)

*** Itching of the dog’s eyes
..=Excess of blood vessels on the whites of the eyes

*** Small, white to cream colored, active worms on the dog’s eyes, looking similar to nylon fishing line

**** Light sensitivity to the eyes
Swollen eyes

***0Pus in the eyes

CAUSES OF EYEWORM (THELAZIA californiensis) IN DOGS

Transmission of face fly, housefly, or filth fly larvae is the cause of infection of the Thelazia californiensis species of dog eyeworm. The adult female eyeworm lays eggs in the tears of the eyes. Once in the tears, the eggs develop into larvae, which a face fly will then ingest. Inside the fly, the larvae develop for approximately 30 days at which time they will move to the mouth of the fly. When the adult flies are feeding near a dog’s eyes, the larvae move out of the fly’s mouth and move to the eyes of the dog. It takes about 3-9 weeks for the larvae to develop into adults and repeat the cycle.

TREATMENT OF EYEWORM (Thelazia CALIFORNIENSIS) IN DOGS

The method of treatment to eliminate the Thelazia californiensis eyeworm must be determined by your veterinarian. Correct use of these medications is necessary to achieve complete elimination of the eyeworm infection. The following are a few methods that may be recommended or administered.

Injected anti-parasitic medication such as moxidectin is sometimes administered by the veterinarian. This will be injected into the muscle of the dog. Anti-parasitic oral medication such as ivermectin tablets, moxidectin tablets, or milbemycin oxime tablets are often times prescribed.
Local anesthetic may be administered to the dog’s eyes by your veterinarian. Then forceps will be used to carefully remove the worms from the eyes.

Injected anti-parasitic medication such as moxidectin is sometimes administered by the veterinarian. This will be injected into the muscle of the dog.

Anti-parasitic oral medication such as ivermectin tablets, moxidectin tablets, or milbemycin oxime tablets are often times prescribed. This is an easy way to treat the disease.
For more information 👇👇👇👇👇

Keep following. Vet and your birds

20/01/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard!

Milan Paudel, Usman Haider Sani, Ravinder Rana Rana, Paing Htoo Eain, Faruk Attari, Vinoshan Kunasekaran, Miller Tesema, Ali Sheraz, Muhammad Ameen, Mbongeni Stharh Ngwekazi, Kingsley Akpedeye, Nampungwe Regina, Thai Neverlie, حمید سدوزی, Mokhatshane Nkhona, Hamidullah Ikhlas, Kealeboga Patricia, Aras Aras, Doja Hailu Haroo Limu, Orman Munyi, Haji Arab, San Win Htun, Gomal Veterinarian

19/01/2024

GOAT POX

Variola caprina (goat pox) is a contagious viral disease caused by Goatpox virus, a pox virus that affects goats. The virus usually spreads via the respiratory system, and sometimes spreads through abraded skin. It is most likely to occur in crowded stock. Sources of the virus include cutaneous lesions, saliva, nasal secretions and faeces. There are two types of the disease: the papulo-vesicular form and the nodular form (stone pox). The incubation period is usually 8–13 days, but it may be as short as four days.
It is thought the same virus spreads sheep pox, to which European sheep breeds are highly susceptible. The virus may be present in dried scabs for up to six months.

In endemic areas the morbidity rate is 70–90% and the mortality rate is 5–10%. The mortality rate may reach nearly 100% in imported animals. Resistant animals may show only a mild form of the disease, which may be missed as only a few lesions are present, usually around the ears or the tail.

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The severity of disease can vary and strongly depends on the virulence of the virus, the age of the animals and the natural resistance. The disease usually begins with fever and loss of appetite after an incubation period of 12 days to a maximum of 21 days. After the first symptoms, the animals can develop nodules or pox. Nodules start as red spots, especially in areas where there is no wool or hair. These red spots develop into nodules or lumps, pustules and finally into thick crusts, which can later peel off. The animals also often have eye and udder infections. Finally, the lungs can also be affected.

Initial rapid onset of fever, salivation, nasal discharge and conjunctivitis

•••Eruption of skin lesions after a few days. These lesions first develop into vesicles, pustules and then hairy and dark-colored scabs. They may take up to 6 weeks to heal. Scabs are often found in hair-free or wool-free areas such as the udders, perineum, inguinal area, sc***um, muzzle, eyelids and axillae.

••°Appearance on udders and teats of small, red spotty areas which may form scabs. The orifices of the teats may become infected and cause mastitis.

•••Sensitivity in affected skin

•••Internal lesions in the lungs causing respiratory distress

•••Depression

•••Polypnoea

•••Oedema of eyelids, photophobia, Rhinitis and lacrimation

•••Development of nodules in the lungs causing bronchopneumonia

••Anorexia

PAPULO-VESICULAR FORM

** Papules become a white-grey colour, desiccate and form crusts that are easy to remove.

** Papules are 0.5–1.5 cm in diameter and are hard to the touch. The papules become depressed, gray and necrotic, and may be surrounded by an area of hyperemia.

** Rarely, papules may transform into large, fluid-filled vesicles. After the vesicles rupture, a thick crust covers the lesions

NODULAR FORM

** Papules give rise to nodules involving all the layers of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue.
** Necrosis and sloughing of the nodules leaves a hairless scar.

SECONDARY PROBLEMS

** Septicaemia
** Abortion (rare)
** Infections
** Fly strike
** Digestive localization

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
To prevent is better than to cure, but preventive vaccination against sheep pox and goat pox is not applied due to financial considerations. To prevent an outbreak in Europe, animals are banned from infected regions or checked extensively prior release in the country. During an outbreak of SGP, vaccination is carried out to prevent onward spread of the disease.

TREATMENT

Treatment. There is no treatment for SGP, but vaccines are available to control sheep and goat pox in endemic areas. For further information, view our SGP product development work.
vaccines are available to control sheep and goat pox in endemic areas.
••give oxytetracycline 20%and ivermectin for secondary infection

FOR MORE INFORMATION.. 👇👇👇👇👇

Keep following. Vet and your birds