27/01/2025
Everything you need to know about Buttercup’s and horses :
# # # Buttercups and Horses: A Guide for Owners # # #
Recently, I've received a flurry of questions about buttercups and whether they're poisonous to our beloved equines. To clear up the confusion, let’s explore this topic so everyone can better protect their four-legged friends.
First off, let’s get this straight: plants, including the buttercup, didn’t evolve just to be eaten, so over millions of years, they’ve developed impressive defense mechanisms to keep grazers at bay. These defenses come in the form of natural toxins, which can lead to a range of unpleasant experiences for any creature brave enough to munch on them—from mild symptoms to potentially life-threatening conditions.
The buttercup, part of the expansive Ranunculaceae family, stands out as particularly toxic when it’s fresh and growing. That’s when it packs the most potent punch with its unique plant toxin, Protoanemonin (also known as Anemonol or Ranunculol). When these vibrant flowers are at their freshest, they are also at their most dangerous for horses.
Now, don’t panic! If buttercups are dried properly, the toxicity diminishes significantly, making them safer when found in hay. The drying process alters the chemical compounds, neutralizing those harmful effects. If only it were that simple for all plant toxins in pasture!
Contact with a wounded fresh plant is where buttercup is most dangerous as it leaches fluid which causes itching, rashes or blistering on contact with the skin or mucosa. Eating the plant itself can cause nausea, dizziness, spasms, colic, laminitis, acute hepatitis, jaundice, tremors and paralysis ......and is often the cause of what is referred to incorrectly as grass staggers in horses, as the poisons take a hold on the central nervous system of the horse.
So, what can you do if buttercups invade your pasture? First and foremost, it's wise to prevent your horses from grazing on them. Providing ad-lib hay in slow feeders can keep them satisfied and discourage nibbling on these bitter blooms. Thankfully, horses usually only turn to buttercups when they're truly desperate and have nothing left to graze on, which we certainly want to avoid!
We’ve found that using slow feeder hay nets has been a game-changer for our herd. By ensuring they have access to low-sugar hay around the clock, we’ve never encountered issues with buttercup toxicity. Highly recommend this method if you're seeking peace of mind.
It’s not advised to use any traditional w**dkillers anywhere near horses, or anywhere where they graze, as w**dkillers kill the horse's all-important digestive microbiota, which can lead to many other medical issues including death from colic, as well as being a proven cancer-causing agent, so we advise against w**d spraying buttercups out.
However, there are many other ways to reduce them including:
1. **Liming the Soil**: Reduce soil acidity and make it less appealing to buttercups with regular applications of lime. It’s inexpensive, and you can even do it yourself- make sure you wear a mask . Grab some 25 kg bags from your local agricultural store for around $15-20.
2. **Aerating**: Promote a healthier ground environment by aerating your soil. You can do this with specialized footwear with spikes or farm machinery.
3. **Fertilizing**: Apply organic seaw**d every couple of years to boost your grass growth, helping it out-compete buttercups.
4. **Smothering**: For creeping buttercups, try using black plastic or mulch to suffocate them.
5. **Improving Drainage**: buttercup love wet conditions, so better drainage through simple land drains can make your soil less inviting.
6. **Spot Killing**: Use animal-safe organic w**dkillers or a homemade mix of salt, vinegar, and hot water to target buttercups when necessary.
7.**Cross Grazing**; sheep don't seem to be affected by buttercups and can help to reduce its impact on pastures.
By following these tips, you can help safeguard your horses from the risks that buttercups pose..
Slow feeder Haynets:
https://www.naturalhorse.co.nz/slow-feed-haynets
References:
https://extension.umn.edu/horse-pastures-and-facilities/tall-and-smallflower-buttercup-problem-horse-pasture-plants
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