Veterinary Information

29/01/2025

SWINE FEEDS, FEEDING AND WATERING

29/01/2025

FEEDS AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP AND GOAT

29/01/2025

LEISHMANIASIS

29/01/2025

FARM MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

Learning objectives
 To know about farm management operations likes Shearing, Castration, Hoof Trimming and
Disbudding methods
🌑SHEARING
The process of removal or harvesting of wool from sheep is known as shearing.
Methods of shearing
Shearing can be done by any of the following methods.
🌑1. Hand shearing
Shears with sharpened blades are essential to obtain uniform cuts and quick shearing. Now shears with a better springing capacity is the handy one available, which saves a good deal of energy and as a result shepherd does not get fatigued and can shear more sheep in a day.
🌑2. Machine shearing
The shearing machine is a metal comb over which a cutter is driven. A system of flexible gut, encased and broken by various joints, makes it possible to reach the various parts of the sheep. These machines are either electric or diesel operated.
🌑3. Chemical shearing
Feeding 24 mg of cyclophoshamide (CPA) per kg live weight. Chemical removes the wool within 3 days starting from 12th day after drug administration. As the wool comes off in patches the sheep will have to be confined for the days when the wool is shedding.
Time of Shearing:
 Most flocks are usually shorn twice a year, i.e. March-April after the winter and SeptemberOctober after the rains.
 In some states like Jammu & Kashmir and Rajasthan sheep are shorn thrice a year, although this is not a correct way as it produces wool with very short staple length.
 To prevent canary coloration of wool, they should be shorn in February and July in semi-arid
areas.
 Shearing at an improper time of the year affects the health of the sheep adversely.
Preparation of animals for shearing
 The animals must be washed 4-5 days prior to shearing in clean water to remove the soiled
materials.
 The animals should not be either over-fed or underfed before shearing.
 They should be shorn on a clean floor.
 The climate should be neither very hot nor very cold at shearing.
Care of sheep after shearing
o Sheep should be protected from intense heat after shearing.
o The feed and water intake increases by 13 to 23% and 11 to12%, respectively after shearing. Sheep should provide with quality pasture and sufficient drinking water.

🌑2. CASTRATION
Castration is the removal of testicles from the ram/buck. In most cases, non-breeding males and
males not slaughtered at a young age need to be castrated.
Purpose
 To render the animal docile
 Castration is done to control mating by preventing inbreeding and inferior males from breeding
 for production of fattened carcass
 To prevent certain ge***al diseases.
Methods
I. Burdizzo method
II. Surgical method
III. Elastrator ring

Exercise
Procedure the different methods of castration of small ruminants
🌑3. HOOF TRIMMING
Procedure 1. A sharp knife or hoof shears can be used for hoof trimming. First use the point of the hoof trimmers to remove any dirt from the outside and the bottom of the hoof.
2. The front of badly overgrown hooves can then be removed.
3. The sides of the hoof should be cut back evenly with the sole of the foot. Continue to trim the sides around one toe and repeat the process on the other toe.
4. Trim the frog and heel flat until the sole is parallel to the hairline of the pastern. Trim off thin
slices.
5. A good rule to follow is to stop when you see pink. If blood appears, stop trimming and finish the
trimming at a later time.

🌑4. DEHORNING
Kids should be disbudded as soon after birth as possible, usually 3 to 7 days. The most common and recommended method of disbudding is with an electric disbudding iron.
Procedure:
1. The kid is usually placed in a holding box for the procedure, but a second person is needed to
steady the head during the procedure.
2. Desensitize the horn buds with local anesthetics.
3. The areas over and around the horn bud should be clipped prior to the iron being placed on the
kid's head.
4. Applying hot iron on horn bud for l0 - 15 seconds.
5. Allow the heated side to cool well before putting the iron back to the kid's head to do the other side. You will see a “copper-colored" ring around the horn bud if the procedure went as it should.

29/01/2025

DENTITION AND AGE DETERMINATION OF SHEEP AND GOAT

28/01/2025

What is the Treatment of Wrats

28/01/2025

27/01/2025

Protocol of Estrus Synchronization