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Half Baked Veterinarian

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Doctor Of Veterinary Medicine

10/12/2023

💥"International Animal Rights Day"
10th December, 2023✨✨✨

🐕🐃🐄🐎🐈🐐🐑🐔🐬🐪🐘🐅

10/12/2023

💥Why uterine torsion is rare incase of twin pregnancy ?

📍Bovine uterus is conducive to torsion due to the facts that:

(a) bovines have sub-ilial attachment of broad ligaments,

(b) broad ligaments are attached along the lesser (ventral) curvature of uterus, thus leaving the greater
(dorsal) curvature free,

(c) uterine horns are not fixed by the broad ligaments but are lying free, and

(d) as the pregnancy advances in bovines, there is a relatively small increase in the length of the broad ligaments but the pregnant horn extends massively beyond the area of attachment (Wright 1958, Pearson 1971, Schulz et al. 1975, Sloss and Dufty 1980, Manning et al. 1982, Baker 1988).

📌This relatively unstable anatomical arrangement predisposes bovines to uterine
torsion during the last trimester of pregnancy (Roberts 1986, Noakes et al. 2001).

📍This concept is supported by the fact that uterine torsion is extremely rare in cases of bicornual pregnancy and feto-pelvic disproportion, both conditions tend to stabilize the broader base of pregnant uterus, and thus prevent uterine torsion (Manning et al. 1982, Roberts 1986, Noakes et al. 2001).

10/12/2023

💥The umbilical cords of newborn Calf should be dipped several times in strong, 7% tincture of iodine.

📍 Cords should be dipped each time the Calf is handled in the first 24–48 hr.

📌 Owners should clean their footwear before entering in sheds.

✨Calf must receive adequate colostrum at birth.

📔Calf Care Tips For Farmers!
By: Half Baked Veterinarian

10/12/2023

💥Myth – After parturition, milking of animal should be avoided until whole placenta comes out

📌Fact: farmer must allow calf to suckle within half an hour after parturition which will be useful in two ways
✨– 1.) It will stimulate the development and growth of calf in addition to protection from various infections
✨2.) Suckling by the calf will stimulate the release of endogenous oxytocin from pituitary gland of dam which will help in timely expulsion of placenta and thus it will minimize the chances of endometritis. So there will be no need to waste money on costly oxytocin and intrauterine injections for milk letdown and septic metritis respectively. Also regular milking of lactating animals help in checking mastitis, metritis-mastitis syndrome etc.

📌Follow Us To Learn Veterinary Facts!

09/12/2023

💥𝗣𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗟𝗘 𝗖𝗔𝗧🐈

Steps in placing a urinary catheter via retrograde urethral catheterisation.

(a) Sedate, or ideally anaesthetise, the cat and perform a re**al examination.

(b) Perform a full perineal clip and surgically prepare the area, including flushing the prepuce with an iodine solution.

(c) Have a gloved assistant evert the p***s from the prepuce. Examine the tip of the p***s for trauma or easily dislodged urethral plugs or stones.

(d) Measure the catheter in a sterile manner, marking it at the level of L6, where the catheter should terminate (ie, within the bladder, not the proximal urethra).

(e) Insert the catheter into the urethral or***ce. If the obstruction is very distal, an over-the-needle intravenous catheter could be used instead, once the stylet has been removed.

(f) The assistant should then pull the prepuce distally, returning the p***s within it. The prepuce should then be pulled caudally and dorsally towards the tail. This has the effect of straightening the urethra from its natural ‘s’ shape.

(g) Advance the catheter as far in as it will allow. Flushing saline while advancing and performing perre**al urethral massage can enable the passage of the catheter. Retrograde hydropulsion can be attempted if this is unsuccessful.

(h) Suture the catheter to the perineum either directly, or to pre-placed suture loop which facilitate re-suturing or catheter replacement without repeatedly traumatising the skin.

(i) Tabs can be made from adhesive dressing material around the extension tubing and then anchored to the tail. This should be done with enough of a loop to allow for normal tail movement.

09/12/2023

💥"Honoring the Heartbeat of Healing: International Veterinary Medicine Day✨
9 December, 2023
🌟 Where Compassion Meets Expertise for the Health and Happiness of Every Paw Around the World.🌍 🐾

📌Let's all appreciate the ties that unite our Veterinarians who share their unwavering enthusiasm for veterinary medicine and their unending growth and competence in the industry. Let's unite to commemorate the science and innovation of veterinary medicine, our unwavering passion, for one more year!

📍Team: Half Baked Veterinarian

08/12/2023

💥 Blood collection sites for various types of animals:

📍Ruminants:

1. Cattle: 🐄
- Common Site: Jugular vein on the right side.
- Other Sites: Coccygeal vein (tail vein) and auricular veins.

2. Buffalo: 🐃
- Common Site: Jugular vein (similar to cattle).
- Other Sites: Coccygeal vein and auricular veins.

3. Sheep and Goats: 🐑🐐
- Common Site: Jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Cephalic vein and saphenous vein may be used.

📍Non-ruminants:

1. Pigs: 🐖
- Common Site: Jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Cranial vena cava, ear veins, and anterior vena cava.

2. Horses: 🐎
- Common Site: Jugular vein (usually on the right side).
- Other Sites: Transverse facial vein, coccygeal vein (tail vein), and auricular veins.

3. Camels: 🐪
- Common Site: Jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Coccygeal vein and superficial veins on the legs.

📍Pet Animals:

1. Dogs: 🐕
- Common Site: Jugular vein, cephalic vein, and saphenous vein.
- Other Sites: Medial femoral vein and lateral saphenous vein.

2. Cats: 🐈
- Common Site: Jugular vein and medial saphenous vein.
- Other Sites: Cephalic vein and femoral vein.

3. Rabbits: 🐇
- Common Site: Marginal ear vein.
- Other Sites: Central ear artery and jugular vein.

📍Reptiles:

1. Lizards and Snakes: 🐍🐊
- Common Site: Ventral tail vein.
- Other Sites: Sublingual venous plexus and cardiac puncture.

2. Turtles: 🐢
- Common Site: Subcarapacial venous sinus.
- Other Sites: Jugular vein and brachial vein.

📍Wild Animals:

1. Large Mammals (e.g., Elephants): 🐘
- Common Site: Ear veins or auricular veins.
- Other Sites: Tail veins and superficial leg veins.

2. Wild Cats and Dogs: 🐆🐅
- Common Site: Jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Cephalic vein and femoral vein.

📍Birds:

1. Avian Species: 🦃
- Common Site: Brachial vein (wing vein) and jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Cutaneous ulnar vein and metatarsal vein in the legs.

2. Poultry: 🐔
- Common Site: Brachial vein and jugular vein.
- Other Sites: Femoral vein and metatarsal vein.

📌When collecting blood from any animal, consider the species, size, and specific anatomical features. Always follow ethical guidelines, use proper equipment, and ensure the welfare of the animal. Consulting with a veterinarian or wildlife expert is advisable for wild or exotic species.

08/12/2023

💥To diagnose the cause of mastitis in cows or sheep, several methods can be used.
📌Here are some common diagnosis methods:

1. Clinical Examination: A veterinarian will visually inspect the udder and look for signs of inflammation, such as swelling, redness, heat, and pain. They may also check for abnormal milk consistency, such as clots or flakes.

2. Milk Sample Analysis: A milk sample can be collected and sent to a laboratory for analysis. This can help identify the type of bacteria causing the infection. The sample can be tested using various methods, including bacterial culture, somatic cell count, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing.

3. California Mastitis Test (CMT): This is a simple and quick test that can be performed on the farm. It involves mixing a small amount of milk with a CMT reagent, which causes a reaction if there are elevated levels of somatic cells in the milk. The test can indicate the presence of mastitis but does not identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.

4. Bacterial Culture: A milk sample can be cultured in a laboratory to identify the specific bacteria causing the mastitis. This helps determine the most effective treatment options.

5. Sensitivity Testing: Once the bacteria causing the mastitis are identified, sensitivity testing can be performed to determine which antibiotics will be most effective in treating the infection.

📍It's important to consult with a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for mastitis in cows or sheep.

08/12/2023

Day #3 Learning Week "Bovine Procedures"
💥 Bovine Abdominal Paracentesis

Abdominal fluid may be collected (‘belly tap’) for diagnostic purposes,
generally for confirmation of a suspected peritonitis or abdominal bleeding
(e.g. perforated abomasal ulcer).
📔Technique:
📌 clip and surgical scrub (diluted povidone-iodine) right ventral abdominal wall cranial to umbilicus over most pendulous part (cranial quadrant) or
medial to the fold of the flank and ‘milk vein’ (caudal quadrant), in each
case 5 cm from midline.
tail restraint with animal in crush
📌insert 16 gauge 3.7–5 cm needle through skin, and slowly advance to
‘pop’ through fascia and parietal peritoneum
📌needle tip is palpably free in abdominal cavity
📌 if no fluid drips, first rotate needle and slightly change angle
📌 attach 5 ml sterile syringe and slowly withdraw plunger (rarely
successful!)
📌normal fluid is pale yellow (volume < 5 ml, odourless)
📌 if abdominal viscus such as omental fat is entered, another site should be
selected with new needle
📔Discussion :
Fluid may be collected in EDTA tubes for a total white blood cell count,
or sterile tubes for culture. Visual inspection should alone differentiate conditions such as diffuse peritonitis, haemoperitoneum and uroperitoneum from normal fluid.
📌Transudate: clear, colourless, low protein (< 2.5 g/litre), low cell count
📌Exudate: discoloured, turbid, high protein (> 2.5 g/litre) high cell count,
frothy on shaking

📔Uses:
Abdominocentesis is used:
📌To obtain peritoneal fluid for analysis.
📌To aid in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pathology.
📌Can assist the decision to perform surgery or treat medically in the animal with abdominal pain.
📌Can assist in the diagnosis of ascites

💥Watch Procedure Video

07/12/2023

💥Rumenotomy in buffalo is a surgical procedure involving the opening of the rumen, the largest compartment of the stomach, to address various health issues. Here's a general overview of the process:

1. Preparation:
- The buffalo is usually restrained and sedated to ensure safety for both the animal and the veterinary team.
- The surgical site is shaved and thoroughly cleaned to reduce the risk of infection.

2. Positioning:
- The buffalo is positioned on its left side to allow better access to the left side of the abdomen where the rumen is located.

3. Local Anesthesia:
- Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area where the incision will be made, providing pain relief.

4. Incision:
- A surgical incision is made in the left flank region, giving access to the rumen.
- The incision is typically made in the paralumbar fossa, a specific region of the left flank.

5. Exposure of Rumen:
- Once the incision is made, the rumen is exposed and carefully exteriorized (brought out) through the incision.

6. Rumenotomy:
- The veterinarian performs the rumenotomy by making an incision in the rumen wall.
- The purpose of rumenotomy may vary, such as removing foreign objects, addressing impactions, or treating other conditions affecting the rumen.

7. Treatment or Intervention:
- Depending on the reason for the rumenotomy, the veterinarian may remove foreign bodies, address blockages, or treat any identified health issues within the rumen.

8. Closure:
- After the necessary procedures are completed, the incisions in the rumen and the abdominal wall are closed using sutures.

9. Postoperative Care:
- The buffalo is monitored closely during recovery to ensure it wakes up from anesthesia smoothly.
- Postoperative care may involve antibiotics to prevent infection and pain management.

10. Monitoring and Recovery:
- The buffalo is monitored for signs of complications such as infection, bleeding, or postoperative discomfort.
- The recovery process may include dietary adjustments and continued veterinary care.

It's important to note that rumenotomy is a serious surgical procedure with inherent risks, and it should only be performed by trained veterinary professionals. The decision to perform a rumenotomy is based on a thorough examination and diagnosis of the buffalo's condition.

05/12/2023

💥What is Trocar and cannula ?

📍Use in cattle in emergency release of rumen contents and gas in bloat. The anatomical location for incision of skin by trocar and canula is that at flank of cattle behind of last rib.

04/12/2023

Day #02 "Learning Week" Of Bovine Procedures
💥Bovine Oral Medication 📔
📍There are times when medications or nutrients are not given to cows by injection. Instead, they must be given orally.
📌Most oral medications come in the form of a very large pill (by human standards) called a bolus. Boluses come mainly as magnets, anti-bacterial sulpha drugs, coccidiostats, slow-release nutritional boluses (such as copper boluses, vitamin mixes, rumen stimulating yeast), and anti-parasitic medications.

📌 Their administration requires the use of a bolus or balling gun, which is a long cylindrical tube made of stainless steel or plastic material that can either have a spring-action handle, or a three-holed plunger (similar to a syringe used for giving needles, except there is a hole at the top for the thumb instead of a flat surface to push down on, and two other holes to hang on to with the index and middle fingers) that act to push the pill deep down into the back of the cow's mouth to facilitate swallowing.
📌Other oral medications are given in the form of a paste or liquid, and are given in the same manner as a bolus with slightly different tools.
📌A simple step-by-step procedure for giving cattle oral medications is discussed below:

💥Steps
1)- Place the cow in a restraining or squeeze chute with a head gate. The cow's head must be restrained in order for the cow to be given a bolus, because any other method will be too stressful and dangerous for both the cow and the people helping with the restraining process. A head-gate is a piece of equipment (always made of heavy-duty iron for greatest strength and durability against even the feistiest one-ton beast) that allows the head to be accessed by the handler, and locks in place so that the animal cannot force its way forward nor backwards. Once the bovine is locked in place with its head easily accessible, then the bolusing process can begin.
2)- Load the pill or pills into the bolus gun. You can do this by simply inserting the pill into the tip of the balling gun. Hold the "business end" of the gun up so that the pills don't fall out onto the ground.
When giving many different types of medication through one single application, always load any gel-based pill last because soft-coated capsules may melt under the heat of the cow's mouth and stick to the insides of the balling gun.
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3)- Open the cow’s mouth. Position yourself so that your body is acting as an object to hold the cow's head in place and reduces her action of trying to avoid getting the medication, and for easier grip on the animal's mouth. Place your butt up to the chute with the cow's head against your side, and use your legs as leverage and as a means to brace yourself. With your arm closest to the cow's head, wrap your arm over the top of the cow's muzzle so that you can get her opposite lip, not the side of the lip that's closest to you, so you can safely get to her mouth and elevate her head. Push your hand under her lip and use the same hand to stroke the roof or palate of her mouth. This will encourage her to open up wide enough to get the balling gun in. Be sure you are keeping her head elevated.
4)-Insert the balling gun. With your free hand, the gun will need to be inserted down the middle of her mouth right to the very back, but not so forcefully that she will choke on it. It's best to initiate the swallowing reflex once the tip of the gun is at the very back to the entrance of the esophagus (into the pharyngeal area) and slowly let the end of the gun work its way down--you helping it along--until the handle of the gun reaches the lips of the cow's mouth. She will chew on the balling gun as she swallows it--this is completely normal--and at this point you can press the plunger to deposit the bolus.
5)- Release the bolus into the cow. Keeping the gun in position from the above step, press down on the plunger or handle to deposit the bolus into the very back of the cow's mouth
6)- Keep her head elevated until she swallows the pills.
The sign she gives that she has swallowed the bolus is licking her lips and nose, likely followed by a cough
7)- If you have other oral medications to give that are not in bolus form, the same steps described above apply in administration.
📌Watch Video below!
📍Ask Questions
Regards: Half Baked Veterinarians

01/12/2023

💥Drugs Used to Treat Urinary Incontinence 📔 in Pets 🐕🐈
©Doctors Veterinary Clinic

01/12/2023

💥Case Study 📔
📌Animal: Cow Calf 4 month-old
📌Hx & Symptoms:
Anorexia, Icteric mucous membrane, swelling of eyes, enlargement of lymph nodes(Pre-scapular Lymph Nodes), Fever 40°C & Systemic reaction & ticks infestation.
💥What is your Diagnosis?

30/11/2023

Day #01 "Learning Week"
💥 Bovine Procedures

📌Topic: 𝙀𝙥𝙞𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝘼𝙣𝙖𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙖 | 𝙞𝙣 𝘾𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙡𝙚| 𝙩𝙤 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙫𝙪𝙡𝙫𝙖, 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙥𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙪𝙨,𝙙𝙮𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙖

📍Caudal Epidural Anaesthesia In large animals, the most common sites for epidural administration of anesthetic agents are the first coccygeal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) and the sacrococ-cygeal intervertebral space (S5-Co1).
📍The technique is considered easy to perform in standing animals and require no special equipment. The site of injection can be identified by moving the tail up and down in a pump-like manner. The first proximal moving space that can be easily palpated is the preferred location for injection. The site in the dorsal midline is clipped and aseptically prepared using a disinfectant solution.
💉An 18-Gauge, 1.25″ needle is used to pe*****te the intervertebral space The needle is usually directed slightly in a cranial direction and advanced slowly. A lack of resistance or popping sensation usually indicates that the epidural space is entered. Correct placement of the needle can be checked by the hanging drop technique which can be performed by placing few drops of sterile water or lidocaine into the needle hub during insertion. When the needle enters the correct space, the drop of saline or lidocaine is observed to be aspirated under the effect of the negative pressure in the epidural space. Furthermore before injection of the drug, negative pressure is applied by the syringe to ensure blood or spinal fluid is not aspirated. In which case, the needle must be withdrawn and adjusted slightly and negative pressure is applied again. According to the volume of injected drug, epidural anesthesia can be classified into caudal (low dose or low volume) epidural or cranial (high dose or high volume) epidural. Low dose or caudal epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique and it requires the injection of a small volume of the drug. This technique desensitizes the caudal sacral nerves within the spinal canal. The motor functions of the hind limbs are not affected. Areas that are desensitized by low volume epidural are the tail, va**na, v***a, a**s, re**um, caudal prepuce, sc***um, and urethra. This technique is commonly used to 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙡 𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙢𝙪𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙥𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙢 𝙤𝙧 𝙫𝙪𝙡𝙫𝙖, 𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙖 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙥𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙪𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙙𝙮𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙖. In the high dose epidural anesthesia technique, the volume of the injected drug is relatively large and analgesia is extended therefore further cranially. Analgesia may reach up to the diaphragm resulting in some degree of cardiopulmonary compromise. In addition, the motor functions of the hind limbs will be affected resulting in ataxia and recumbency in some animals. This technique is less frequently used in adult animals, however in young calves, it is may be used for umbilical surgeries.
By:
📢Please Ask Questions
📌Watch 3D Animation👇

30/11/2023

👇In Next Week You will Learn👇
💥Bovine Procedures 📔

📌Learn how to perform 11 common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in cattle with this easy-to-use video series. Fully narrated instructional videos include instructions on how to perform:

1)- Lumbosacral spinal taps
2)- Subconjunctival injections
3)- Abdominal paracentesis
4)- Epidural anesthesia
5)- Transtracheal wash
6)- Calcium administration
7)- Intramuscular injections
8)- Jugular venipuncture
9)- Oral medications
10)- Ororumen intubation
11)- Tail bleeding for blood collectio

📌 Realistic 3-D animations make it easy to learn new skills and clarify key steps in the procedures.

"For Veterinary Medicine Students".

📔We will send animation based videos and their description daily.📔
"Stay Tuned"
&
Keep learning
b/c
Vetmedicine is continuously evolving.✨

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29/11/2023

💥Nasal bots in sheep 📔 Notes
For Veterinary Medicine Students
© Dr Ashok Kumar Valupadasu

28/11/2023

💥Differential Diagnosis b/w 🐄

📌Pyometra :-
1) Both uterine horn enlarged
2) Uterine wall is thick
3) U.Contents are also thick
4) Fremitus , cotyledons and foetus are absent
5) On Vaginal examination pus is observed

📌Pregnancy :-
1) only 1 or pregnant horn is enlarged
2) Uterine wall is thin
3) U. Content are watery
4) Fremitus , cotyledons and fetus are present
5) Pus absent

27/11/2023

💥Different Shapes of Kidney 📔in animals

27/11/2023

💥𝙁𝙤𝙤𝙩-𝙖𝙣𝙙-𝙈𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙝 𝘿𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚 (𝙁𝙈𝘿)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of cattle and swine. It also affects sheep, goats, deer, and other cloven-hooved ruminants. FMD is not recognised as a zoonotic disease.

The disease spreads very quickly if not controlled and because of this is a reportable disease.

📌Cause

The disease is caused by a virus of which there are seven ‘types’, each producing the same symptoms, and distinguishable only in the laboratory.

Immunity to one type does not protect an animal against other types.

The interval between exposure to infection and the appearance of symptoms varies between twenty-four hours and ten days, or even longer. The average time, under natural conditions, is three to six days.

The virus survives in lymph nodes and bone marrow at neutral pH, but is destroyed in muscle when pH is less than 6.0, i.e., after rigor mortis. The virus can persist in contaminated fodder and the environment for up to one month, depending on the temperature and pH conditions.

Airborne spread of the disease can take place and under favourable weather conditions the disease may be spread considerable distances by this route.

Animals pick up the virus either by direct contact with an infected animal or by contact with foodstuffs or other things which have been contaminated by such an animal, or by eating or coming into contact with some part of an infected carcase.

Outbreaks have been linked with the importation of infected meat and meat products.

The disease can also be spread by people, vehicles and other objects that have been contaminated by the virus.

📌Symptoms
Fever
Bilsters in the mouth and on feet
Drop in milk production
Weight lossLoss of appetite
Quivering lips and frothing of mouth
Cows may develop blisters on teats
Lameness

📌Treatment: Consult with your Vet! For Supportive Rx.

Usually Treatment is not given. Affected animals will recover. However because of the loss of production and the infectious state of the disease, infected animals are usually culled.

📌Prevention

FMD is one of the most difficult animal infections to control. Because the disease occurs in many parts of the world, there is always a chance of its accidental introduction into an unaffected country.

Export restrictions are often imposed on countries with known outbreaks.

FMD outbreaks are usually controlled by quarantines and movement restrictions, euthanasia of affected and in-contact animals, and cleansing and disinfection of affected premises, equipment and vehicles.

Infected carcasses must be disposed of safely by incineration, rendering, burial or other techniques. Milk from infected cows can be inactivated by heating to 100°C (212°F) for more than 20 minutes. Slurry can be heated to 67°C (153°F) for three minutes.

Rodents and other vectors may be killed to prevent them from mechanically disseminating the virus.

Good biosecurity measures should be practiced on uninfected farms to prevent entry of the virus.

📌Vaccination

Vaccination can be used to reduce the spread of FMD or protect specific animals.

Vaccines are also used in endemic regions to protect animals from clinical disease. FMDV vaccines must closely match the serotype and strain of the infecting strain.

Vaccination with one serotype does not protect the animal against other serotypes, and may not protect the animal completely or at all from other strains of the same serotype. Currently, there is no universal FMD vaccine.
Half Baked Veterinarian

26/11/2023

💥Bird Digestive Adaptations 🕊

25/11/2023

💥The primary objective of teaching should not be to help the students learn how to memorize and spit out information under academic pressure.

✨The purpose of teaching is to inspire the desire for learning in them and make them able to think, understand, and question.

25/11/2023

💥Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cows🐄 by "Milk Ejection Test"📔

📌OBJECTIVES:

To confirm the pregnancy after 20-22 days of insemination.
To reduce duration of service period.

📌PRINCIPLE:

PGF2a in nonluteolytic dose induces the release of oxytocin from the corpus luteum which causes let-down of milk in the lactating and pregnant cows.

📌PROCEDURE :

This test is performed generally 3 hrs. prior to the evening milking in dairy cows (18-22 days after insemination).

Place the teat cannula in the left fore-teat and leave it for milk flow from teat cistern.

• When the milk flow ceases, a small dose (2.5 mg or 0.5 ml) of Dinoprost (Lutalyse) is administered intravenously through ear vein.

If the corpus luteum of pregnancy is present, alveolar milk starts to flow about one minute later.
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📌For Any Question Comment Below!

25/11/2023

💥Camel Surface Anatomy 🐫

24/11/2023

The best way to learn is to teach.✨

24/11/2023

💥Slipped Tendon 🐓
🐥 Perosis or chondrodystrophy is ::
📌encountered in young birds whose diet is deficient in manganese (Mn) or some of the following vitamins: choline, nicotic acid, pyridoxine, biotin or folic acid.
📌 This is an anatomic deformation of leg bones in young chickens, turkey poults, pheasant poults etc. It is characterized by re****ed growth of long bones, widening of the tibiometatarsal joint, twisting or bending of the distal end of tibia and the proximal end of metatarsus and finally, slipping of the
gastrocnemius muscle tendon from its condyles. Clinically, it is manifested by impaired locomotion because of leg lateral and posterior malposition of the leg.

24/11/2023

💥𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗕𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗣𝗹𝗲𝘂𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮:(CBPP) 📔
--------------------------------------------------------------
Ⓒ︎Ⓑ︎Ⓟ︎Ⓟ︎ is an infectious and highly contagious disease of cattle and other ruminants considered to be amongst the most important infectious diseases. Affected animals have difficulty in breathing due to damage to the lungs, lose condition and a proportion die.

☝️𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁:
It is caused by bacteria Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides, small-colony type (SC)

✌️𝗘𝗣𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬:
Infection spreads by aerosol from cough, by direct contact with infected animals, or through placenta to the unborn calf. Fomites are not a major source of transmission

🤟 CLINICAL SINGS
The incubation period is one to three months. A few cattle may die of peracute disease with no symptoms other than fever.
☟︎︎︎Acute symptoms include
▪️fever,
▪️Nasal discahrge
▪️ lethargy, cough,
▪️ extended necks and laboured breathing,
▪️ and loss of appetite and milk production.
▪️Calves may develop arthritis and lameness.
▪️After initial acute faze, the infection often becomes chronic.

✌️CONTROL☟︎︎
Out breaks are eradicated with quarantines, slaughter of infected and in-contact animals, and cleaning and disinfection. Vaccines are available and have helped to control the disease in endemic areas.

Half Baked Veterinarian

23/11/2023

💥Diseases & Synonyms in Large Animals📔

23/11/2023

💥Vaccination Schedule in Cats & Dogs

22/11/2023

💥 Uterine Torsion 📔 in animals!

22/11/2023

A cow was kept for viva spotting:
Answers frm students

FSc students – it’s a cow!!

BS students – perhaps this is a cow!!!

M.phil students – Four legged animal with horn & tail, may be cow or hypopigmented buffalo!

PhD students – this may be a hypertrophied goat or an atrophied elephant with congenital anomalies. Possibility of being a cow cannot be ruled out. Suggested DNA studies for further evaluation…

Moral – Higher studies kills your common sense.

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Videos

Day#3 Learning Week "Bovine Procedures" 💥 Bovine Abdominal Paracentesis Abdominal fluid may be collected (‘belly tap’) for diagnostic purposes, generally for confirmation of a suspected peritonitis or abdominal bleeding (e.g. perforated abomasal ulcer). 📔Technique: 📌 clip and surgical scrub (diluted povidone-iodine) right ventral abdominal wall cranial to umbilicus over most pendulous part (cranial quadrant) or medial to the fold of the flank and ‘milk vein’ (caudal quadrant), in each case 5 cm from midline. tail restraint with animal in crush 📌insert 16 gauge 3.7–5 cm needle through skin, and slowly advance to ‘pop’ through fascia and parietal peritoneum 📌needle tip is palpably free in abdominal cavity 📌 if no fluid drips, first rotate needle and slightly change angle 📌 attach 5 ml sterile syringe and slowly withdraw plunger (rarely successful!) 📌normal fluid is pale yellow (volume < 5 ml, odourless) 📌 if abdominal viscus such as omental fat is entered, another site should be selected with new needle 📔Discussion : Fluid may be collected in EDTA tubes for a total white blood cell count, or sterile tubes for culture. Visual inspection should alone differentiate conditions such as diffuse peritonitis, haemoperitoneum and uroperitoneum from normal fluid. 📌Transudate: clear, colourless, low protein (< 2.5 g/litre), low cell count 📌Exudate: discoloured, turbid, high protein (> 2.5 g/litre) high cell count, frothy on shaking 📔Uses: Abdominocentesis is used: 📌To obtain peritoneal fluid for analysis. 📌To aid in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pathology. 📌Can assist the decision to perform surgery or treat medically in the animal with abdominal pain. 📌Can assist in the diagnosis of ascites 💥Watch Procedure Video

💥 Dog securing by Gauze muzzle 🐕

📒Case Study 💥Hx: 3 month kitten (Brought from the street) 📒Clinic signs: Loss of appetite moderate dryness bad breath and high temperatures ulcer in the upper lip 🔺What is your suspected diagnosis? 🔺give us the differential diagnosis? 🔺what type of laboratory test you will recommend?

Horses catch 340 degree view, almost 4 times as much as humans, but horses can't see objects directly in front of them clearly, that's why when you're dressing something spooky shouldn't approach their head first.

💥Intraperitoneal injection - Mouse #vets #vetstudents #dvm #vetmed

🔴 Copper deficiency in Goat🐐 #vets #vetmed #goats #copper

💥Subcutenous Injection 📙 #vetmed

💥Filarial worm in horse Eye 🐎 #vet #equine #vetmed #dvm

💥Coffin joint injected with Arthramid suffering from arthritis.🐎 #vets #vetmed #equines #vetstudent #dvm

💥Fasciola hepatica📙(🔇 Music) #vetmed #liverfluke #vetstudents

💥Bovine, Blood transfusion🐄 📌Which diseases require blood transfusion?

💥Auriculopalpebral nerve block in horses 🐎 #vetmed #veterinary #equines #dvm

📌Removing a foreign body from a horse's eye🐎

💥Intestinal intussusception📙#vetmed

💥Correction Of Uterine Torsion according to Schaffer technique using the plank and rolling method📙 #torsion #vetmed #dvm #obstetrics #vets

💥Hernia Correction📙 Animation📃

Newly Graduated Vet funny Moments 😅 #vet #vetmemes

🩺Diseases characterized by cough 💊A-Infectious causes : -Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia (CBPP). -Pneumonic Pasteurollosis (PP). -Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS). -Parasitic or verminous pneumonia or Lung worm infestation -TB. - BVD. -MCV. -Lung abscess. rhinovirus and adenovirus infection. -Leukosis. -Piroplasmosis 💊B-Non infectious causes : Foreign body as in traumatic reticulitis, inhalation pneumonia, cardiac and gastric cough, obstruction of the throat by any food, Vit.A deficiency, impaction of omasum, heart condition, neoplasm, laryngitis, pharyngitis and tracheitis, nasal granuloma and allergic rhinitis. For: Veterinary Medicine Students BY: Half Baked Veterinarian #vets #vettech #vetmed #uvas #veterinarymedicine

💥IM Injection💉 in Epaxial Muscle of Dog🐕 📃The Standard size of needles to use for canines are 21 to 23 gauge needle 1 to 1.5 inches long. 📌Advantage: Easily Palpable Site 📌Risk: May hit spinal cord 🎥"For veterinary Students". #Injection #Dog #VET #vetmed

💥Oxytocin Hormone 🎥 Animation #Vets #vetmed #oxytocin #dvm #cow 🔗Telegram: https://t.me/HalfBakedVet

💥Infectious bronchitis in poultry🐔 #vets #vetmed #poultry #copied

Scorpion venom is the most expensive liquid on earth.

💥Intussusception in horses 🐎

💥Blood samples collection💉 from free-swimming whale shark.🐬 By using a new research technique, these samples give scientists🕵 the ability to monitor shark reproduction, health, and human impacts such as pollutant levels.📃 #vetmed #shark #dvm #vetmedicine

💥Severe Dehydration in Horse 📌Skin pinch near point of neck- Skin Snap Back Time is greater then 4 seconds, which indicate severe dehydration status. #Vets #dehydration #horses #vetmedicine

💥IM injection in Epaxial muscle in dog🐕 #vetmed #vet #vettech

💥Goat Foetus🎥 📌Credit: Hamza Vets #Goat #vetmed #dvm 🔗Join Our Group👇 https://m.facebook.com/groups/6746021555461030/?ref=share&mibextid=NSMWBT

💥IM Injection In Equine🐎 📌To locate the appropriate injection area, put the heel of your hand on base of the horse's neck where it joins shoulder, about midway between the crest & the bottom of neck. Area covered by your palm is the injection site. #Vetstudents #vetmedicine #vets #vetmed