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Al Hussain Veterinary Clinic Kashmore , Dr wajid Hussain

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Al Hussain Veterinary Clinic Kashmore , Dr wajid Hussain

Dr Wajid Hussain Baloch

28/01/2024

dairy faram karachi

28/01/2024

𝐄𝐲𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 (𝟐)

( 𝐄𝐲𝐞 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐦 )
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These worms live in the conjunctival sac (eyelid) of the eye in many species of livestock, in many countries.
Cattle, sheep, horses, camels, goats, pigs, dogs, cats, birds, and humans can be affected.

The most common species is ✔Thelazia rhodesii, which parasitizes cattle and sheep. The worms are up to 2cm long and are thin and white.
One or both eyes may be affected.

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𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝
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Various species of fly, in which the worm has part of its life cycle, are responsible for the spread of the worm from one animal to another.

The fly has a preference for eye secretions which are ideal for transmission. The fly ingests the larvae which become infective in 2-4 weeks.

These larvae are mechanically deposited in teh host's eye by the fly during feeding. Development of sexually mature worms takes about 1-4 weeks in cattle.

The worm lives under the eyelids, in the conjunctival sac and under the third eyelid. The worm has a rough cuticle (skin) which causes irritation and inflammation to the cornea.
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𝐒𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐲𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬
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1.Excessive production of tears which may contain pus.

2.Avoiding sunlight.

3.Inflammation of the thin membrane covering the white of teh eye and the inner surface of the eyelid (Conjunctivitis).

4.Cloudiness of the cornea and sometimes ulceration and piercing of the cornea.

5.Lack of response to treatment with antibiotics.
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𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐬
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1.Close inspection of the eyes will reveal small white worms swimming in the conjunctival fluid. Several animals should be examined as it will not be possible to see worms in every animal. Even if the worms can be seen with the naked eye, a veterinarian should be consulted to confirm their presence.
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𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐲𝐞 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
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The condition is less severe than Pink Eye. Control of the fly is not practical.
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𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥
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1. Using an eye wash containing a local anaesthetic and wash the worms out of the eye. A mixture of 10 ml of 2% local anaesthetic solution with 40-50ml of clean water makes the eye wash. 5-10 ml is put onto the eye and after waiting for about 2 minutes, the worms are washed out of the eye using clean cold water.

2. Certain systemic dewormers such as Levamisole at 5 mg/kg under the skin and Ivermectin and Doramectin both at 0.2 mg/kg SC or in the muscle are effective treatments.

3. Pour-on forumlations of Ivermectin and Doramectin, delivered on the back of the animal to achieve a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg are also highly effective.

4. Treatment is also possible with topical application of Levamisole or topical Ivermectin. Bother are given as a 1% aqueous solution directly into the eye. If the eye discharge is cloudy or white it may be advisable to put an antibiotic ointment into the eye following removal of the worm or following the administration of dewormers.
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Today case Handle Dystocia Alhmdollih finally doen in sheep Al Hussain Veterinary Clinic Kashmore , Dr wajid Hussain

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Handle some different Cases @

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Symptoms include circling in one direction, high fever, lack of appetite, red tissues around the eyes, usually with blindness, and depression. Affected animals may have a droopy ear, drooping eyelid, and saliva running from limp lips on one side of the face caused by a partial paralysis.

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Today handle chronic amputation of gangrenous tail of cow 🐄
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Snake Bites and how to manage:

Always seek immediate medical attention if you've been bitten by a snake, as it could be a matter of life and death.

What are snake bites?

Snakes bite either to capture prey or for self-defense. But since there are so many different types of snakes including both venomous and non-venomous not every snake bite is created equal.

Different species carry different types of venom. The major categories include:

A. Cytotoxins: Cause swelling and tissue damage wherever you’ve been bitten.

B. Haemorrhagins: Disrupt the blood vessels.

C. Anti-clotting agents: Prevent the blood from clotting.

D. Neurotoxins: Cause paralysis or other damage to the nervous system.

E. Myotoxins: Break down muscles.

What are the symptoms of a snake bite?

If you’re bitten by a snake, your symptoms will differ depending on which type of bite it is. If you suffer a dry snake bite, you’ll likely just have swelling and redness around the area of the bite.

But if you’re bitten by a venomous snake, you’ll have more widespread symptoms, which commonly include:

Bite marks on your skin. These can be puncture wounds or smaller, less recognizable marks.
Sharp, throbbing, burning pain around the bite that you may not feel for a little while after the bite. You may also feel pain all the way up whichever limb was affected, such as in the groin for a bite on the leg or the armpit for a bite on the arm.

But not everyone feels pain. For example, a bite from a coral snake can be almost painless at first, but still deadly.
Redness, swelling and tissue damage, or complete destruction, in the area of the bite.
Abnormal blood clotting and bleeding. Severe bleeding can lead to a hemorrhage or kidney failure.

Low blood pressure, a faster heart rate and a weaker pulse.

Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, headaches, dizziness and blurred vision.

Difficulty breathing, or in serious cases, complete loss of breath.
Increased production of saliva and sweat.

Weakness in your muscles and numbness in the face or limbs.
If you have an allergic reaction to a snake bite, you could suffer from anaphylactic shock.

Many of the symptoms are the same or very similar to the ones listed above, but more severe. But there are a few additional symptoms, including:

Difficulty speaking due to extreme tightness in the throat and a swollen tongue.

Young children may become very pale.

Constant cough and/or wheezing.
Which snakes are venomous?

How are snake bites treated?

First and foremost, seek immediate medical attention. Contact emergency services as soon as you can, because even if the bite isn’t that painful initially, you still need to treat it as if it’s potentially life-threatening.

Properly identifying the snake can help with the treatment, though it’s very difficult to do so.

Also be sure to take the following steps immediately:

▪Remove any jewelry or watches, as these could cut into the skin if swelling occurs.

▪Keep the area of the bite below the heart in order to slow the spread of venom through the bloodstream.

▪Remain still and calm. If you can, roll over to your side and rest in the recovery position.

▪Moving around a lot will cause the venom to spread faster through the body.

▪Cover the bite with a clean, dry bandage.

▪Try to use a pressure immobilization bandage if you can. This type of bandage should be tightly wrapped around the bite. Then, wrap another bandage around the entire limb, so that it’s immobilized.

While these are all useful precautionary measures, the ultimate treatment for a snake bite is antivenom.

Try to get the victim of the bite antivenom as quick as possible.
Knowing the size, color and shape of the snake can help your doctor determine which antivenom is best for that particular situation.

The antivenom will be given either in an injection or through an IV (through a needle in the arm), so that it can take action as quickly as possible.

While either of these methods may produce side effects, they’ve proven to be the most effective. One of those side effects is serum sickness disease, which can appear four to 10 days after receiving the antivenom.

If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should contact your healthcare provider or doctor to ask about serum sickness disease:

- Rashes.

- Itching.

- Joint pain.

- Fever.

- Kidney failure.

- Swollen lymph nodes.

What shouldn't you do when treating a snake bite?

1.A snake bite can cause people to panic and act irrationally. Even so, there are certain things you should avoid doing immediately following a snake bite, including:

2.Don’t pick up the snake or try to wrap it up or kill it, as this will increase your chance of getting bitten again. Even dead snakes can bite.

3.Don’t apply a tourniquet.

4.Don’t cut into the wound at all.

5.Don’t try to suck out the venom.

6.Don’t apply ice or use water to submerge the wound.

7.Don’t drink alcohol.

8.Don’t drink beverages with caffeine.

What happens after you're treated for a snake bite?

In most cases, you’ll need to stay in the hospital for at least 24 hours, so that doctors can monitor your blood pressure and overall health.

If your blood pressure dips below a certain level, you may need IV fluids (through a needle in the arm).

If the bite caused a larger-than-normal loss of blood, a blood transfusion may be necessary.

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Listeria in goats? Symptoms include circling in one direction, high fever, lack of appetite, red tissues around the eyes, usually with blindness, and depression. Affected animals may have a droopy ear, drooping eyelid, and saliva running from limp lips on one side of the face caused by a partial paralysis.