Dr Akhtar Ali Shah

03/07/2023

Classification of antibiotics.

26/05/2023

ND

25/05/2023

10/04/2023

About cat

08/04/2023

Cattle Bloat/Tympany:

Bloat In Cattle

What is bloat?
Bloat is simply the build up of gas in the rumen.
This gas is produced as part of the normal process of digestion, and is normally lost by belching (eructation).
Bloat occurs when this loss of gas is prevented.
There are two sorts of bloat.
The least common type is gassy bloat, which occurs when the gullet is obstructed (often by foreign objects such as potatoes) or when the animal can’t burp (such as with milk fever or tetanus).
The second type of bloat is frothy bloat, which happens as the result of a stable foam developing on top of the rumen liquid, which blocks the release of the gas.
This is by far the most common form of bloat, and unlike gassy bloat, it is highly seasonal with peaks in the spring and autumn.
This is because the foam is formed by breakdown products from rapidly growing forages (particularly legumes such as clover and alfalfa).
These increase the viscosity (stickiness) of the rumen fluid and prevent the small bubbles of gas formed by rumen fermentation from coming together to form free gas that can be belched off

Clinical Signs
Distended left abdomen is the most obvious sign
Usually associated with pain, discomfort, and bellowing.
Death can occur within 15 minutes after the development of bloat
Gaseous bloat is usually seen in one or two animals.
Frothy bloat can affect up to 25% of cases
In some cases sudden death may be the first sign seen by the stockman, although in such cases it is likely that there will be other cattle with bloat that are still alive

Diagnosis
On the clinical signs described above
History of access to lush pasture
Passing a stomach tube will distinguish between gassy and frothy bloat.
If it’s gassy bloat a stomach tube passed into the rumen will allow the gas build-up to escape through the tube. No such gas is seen in frothy bloat.
***
KNOW YOUR ANIMAL’S CONDITION- BLOAT/ RUMINAL TYMPANY

This is a condition which affects the rumen (the first of the four divisions of stomach in ruminants) of ruminants and is characterised by a distended abdomen resulting from an accumulation of gas.
Microbes resident in the rumen aid in the fermentation of feed eaten by ruminants and this is part of the normal process of digestion.
As a result of the fermentation process, gas is produced which is normally expelled through the mouth by a process known as eructation or burping.
Bloat therefore results when there is any form of hindrance to the normal release of gas from the rumen.

TYPES OF BLOAT
Based on what is preventing the easy eructation of the gas produced by the fermentation of food, bloat is classified into two main forms:
1. Gassy Bloat and
2. Frothy Bloat

Gassy Bloat:
This is the less common type and it occurs when the oesophagus is blocked normally by a foreign object such as lumps of feed, or when the ruminant cannot burp as a result of weakness especially in conditions such as Hypocalcaemia.

Frothy Bloat:
This is the more common type and it happens as a result of a layer of foam forming on top of the ruminal content thereby preventing the free release of gas.
This form of bloat is quite seasonal in its occurrence and normally happens at the onset of the raining season.
This is because the rapidly growing forages (especially legumes) which are highly fed on are rapidly digested leading to the formation of the foam.
This thickens the ruminal fluid, preventing an easy formation of free gas to be belched off.

CLINICAL SIGNS
A highly distended left abdomen
Sudden death, though other animals in the flock may be showing signs of bloat
Death can occur within 15 minutes of bloat as a results of impaired normal respiration.

DIAGNOSIS
History of what ruminants have fed on is key
Auscultation and Palpation
The use of a stomach tube help to distinguish between Gassy and Frothy Bloat. If is Gassy Bloat, the gas will escape through the tube.
However in Frothy Bloat, no gas will escape.

TREATMENT
The passage of a stomach tube is the best treatment for a Gassy Bloat.
Should a stomach tube fail, a Trochar and Cannula can be used to punch the side of the rumen to allow the gas or the froth out.
Nevertheless the cause of the obstruction in the case of a Gassy Bloat should always be investigated and treated to prevent reoccurrence.
Antifoaming such as (Polaxolene or Dimethicone) can be used in Frothy Bloat to prevent foam formation.
However some old methods such as the use of Turpentine and linseed oil have proven to be effective.

PREVENTION
Avoid grazing animals on high-risk pastures and also ensure feed or pastures are always free from foreign materials such as plastics and stones.

26/03/2023

خدمت خلق میں کراچی والوں کا کوئی ثانی نہیں, تصویر میں موجود نوجوان حماد ہے جس نے مین حسن اسکوائر پر بچت بازار اسٹال لگایا ہے جہاں وہ 500 روپے کلو والی چکن 100 روپے کلو, 250 روپے کلو ملنے والے پھل صرف 10 روپے ساتھ ہی سبزی بھی 10 روپے میں فروخت کر رہے ہیں, حماد کا کہنا ہے کہ یہ بچت کیمپ لگانے کا مقصد ہے کہ سفید پوش افراد پیسے دیکر وہ تمام پھل سبزیاں خرید سکیں جو انکی پہنچ سے دور ہوچکی ہیں, زندہ باد کراچی والو نیکی کا یہ ٹرینڈ رکنا نہیں چاہئیے۔

26/03/2023

Milk fever in Cow (Hypocalcemia or Parturient paresis)

26/03/2023

L*D vaccines available at Akhtar vet clinic

26/03/2023

Tramatic reticulo pericarditis

19/12/2022

Imp # medicine 💊 purpose

19/12/2022

Imp terms #

07/12/2022

06/12/2022

A dying old man said to his doctor while on the sick bed " Doctor, don’t worry. I know I am going to die. I didn’t want to come here but they brought me here.
Please don’t worry about me, look at my hair, they are gone. I am so old but you are so young. I have learnt a lot from life, if you don’t mind I will tell you some of them before I die.
When I was 4 years, I use to think the world is about me. When I turned 14, I wanted to rule the world. I thought I would be the greatest man that ever lived. When I was 21, I wanted to be the richest man, when I was 25, I wanted to find love, when I was 40, I wanted to be helpful to everyone. Now that I am here, I want to die. You see, I wanted so many things at so many times. Most importantly, I wanted to be happy. I thought the best way to be happy is to listen to others.
When I wanted to enter the University, I wanted to study Zoology but everyone said I should study Engineering that I will be a great Engineer. So I listened to them. I had no one to pay my fees, I had to work and also pay my fees. In my third year, I couldn’t cope with my studies, I had to drop. When I dropped, the same people told me "you should have studied Zoology"!
When I turned 28, everyone said I should marry. That I needed a wife. So I listened to them, I got married. 6 years into the marriage, I caught my wife sleeping with my neighbour. I asked her why and she slapped me. I was angry and didn’t say anything. The next day I returned from work, she had run away with my children, now I am dying a lonely man.
At 40, I got a huge contract. My name was in the news. The next day, all my friends and families were at my house, everyone had a serious problem. Within one week, I spent all the money on them with the promise that they will pay back. I could not complete the contract because they refused to return the money as promised. So I was sent to jail for 6 years. I stayed in jail and I came out. When I came out, they were nowhere.
There was one mistake I made through all this time. Now it is clear to me. Let me tell you about it. I refused to listen to myself. I ignored my own self and listen to others. Now that I am here the only person that is with me is myself.
You see, it is very good to listen to others. It is very wise to seek advice from others. But it is very dangerous to ignore your own self. It is very very dangerous to refuse to pay attention to your heart.
When you get home this night, sit down, take a glass of water. Close your eyes if you want or open it if you want, then talk to yourself, reason with yourself. You can walk down the road alone and as you walk, begin to talk to yourself.
The only person that can overrule yourself is God, after God, listen to yourself next. I know it may not make sense to you now but always remember I told you LEARN TO LISTEN TO YOURSELF.

06/12/2022

28/11/2022

Feed stuffs classification

28/11/2022

What is hay?