Sami vets care clinic

10/11/2023

Internal fixation of Right Rostral mandibular compound fracture .
Alhamdulilah performed the first orthodontics surgery successfully.

22/02/2023

Always show love and kindness to voiceless and treat them humanely ❤️❤️

13/02/2023

Liver flukes, fasciola hepatica

13/02/2023

05/02/2023

31/01/2023

Anorexia in dogs?
Anorexia is a decrease or loss of appetite for food. In canines, there are two types of anorexia recognized: pseudo-anorexia, where the dog is hungry but has trouble eating due to physical limitations with handling, masticating, and consuming food, and true anorexia. True anorexia is marked by an actual decrease in appetite, or desire for food. While hunger (which is a physical drive) may exist, appetite (which is mentally driven) may be diminished resulting in your dog refusing to, or avoiding eating.

Does My Dog Have Anorexia?
Pet owners experiencing a dog that refuses to eat or does not eat enough can encounter real frustration. When your dog experiences a decrease in appetite that persist for more than a few days and is not associated with an acute illness, as a pet owner you will be naturally concerned. The first step to determining what to do for your dog is for you and your veterinarian to determine if your pooch has pseudo-anorexia, that is, he wants to eat but is limited by a physical condition such as:

, periodontal disease

, pain when chewing from disorders in muscles used for mastication and temporomandibular joint disorder

or tumors in the facial or throat area causing pain



or gastrointestinal disease

If the decrease in consumption seems to be from a true lack of interest in food and appetite, and not merely the inability to consume food, your veterinarian will consider other causes such as:

, separation anxiety, PTSD, change in environment, boredom, fear, or depression

: pain anywhere in the body can result in decreased appetite.

with organ dysfunction or infection.

, which may be associated with inability to smell and disorders of the olfactory system



disorder



disorder or blockage

from medications

Your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination and conduct blood and urine tests, as well as radiographs to help pinpoint the cause of anorexia so that it can be addressed. Read more about the decrease in appetite in dogs at Loss of Appetite in Dogs.

Treatment of anorexia?
Once any physical disorders or conditions contributing to anorexia have been addressed, there are several things veterinarians and pet owners can do to help address behavioral and emotional components of anorexia in their dog.



Make sure food smells good

Put dressing or canned food on dry food

Change brand of commercial food, try premium or gourmet brand or offer cat food

Try home-cooked or raw, high protein diets

Heat food up



Change container; avoid plastic which may exude its own scent

Find a location where your pooch does not feel distracted

Take food away and present it again to evoke your dog's curiosity, as dogs are most interested in food when it is first presented.

Experiment to determine the time of day your dog is most likely to consume food.



Work up your dog's appetite with a walk, work, or play

Pet owners may need to provide liquified food in a syringe temporarily to meet nutritional needs if required. There are also measures your veterinarian can take to resolve anorexia conditions in your dog.

Address underlying physical or medical conditions

Prescribe medications to stimulate appetite such as cyproheptadine (brand name Periactin®) or mirtazapine (brand names Remeron®, Mirataz®).

Administer food via a feeding tube if your dog is experiencing severe malnutrition from anorexia

Provide intravenous fluids for dehydration, if this becomes an issue, and address electrolyte imbalance .(parenteral feeding)

Provide prescription diets
Sami vets care clinic

31/01/2023

31/01/2023

7 signs of a healthy pet

No one knows our pets the way we do, and we notice all of their behaviors and quirks. Some of these details are signs of how happy and healthy our pets are. Does your pet show these 7 signs of good health?

1. Shiny Coat and Smooth Skin
The next time you are cuddling with your pet, pay attention to her coat and skin. Her coat should look nice and glossy, and be free of dandruff or excess oil. The skin should be smooth, without any flakes, scabs, or redness. Skin color can vary based on the breed, but in general, it should range from a light pink to a dark brown color. Watch out for fleas or ticks hiding on your pet’s skin. You can protect your pet from these pesky parasites by putting them on a year-round preventative.

2. Bright Eyes
When your pet gazes up at you with that look you can’t say no to, her eyes should be bright and shiny. If you see any mucus or tears, it should be clear and minimal. The lining on the inside of her eyelid should be pink. Any inflammation or redness is a sign to reach out to your vet.

3. Clean Ears
The inside of those big floppy (or pointy) ears should be a light pink color. A small amount of yellow or brownish earwax is normal. But if you notice any excess wax or crust, then talk to your vet. Also, if your pet is constantly scratching or shaking their head, then this could be a sign of an ear problem.

4. White Teeth and Fresh Breath
Your pet may not have the best breath, but it should smell somewhat clean. Her teeth should be nice and white, without plaque or tartar buildup. If you are curious about how to brush your pet’s teeth, your vet can help you out. Your pet’s gums are also important to check. The color can vary from pet to pet, but generally, the gums should be pink. Yearly dental checkups can help detect dental issues and prevent periodontal disease. By learning to maintain good dental habits, you can help your pet’s overall health.

5. Healthy Bathroom Habits
Whether it’s on a fire hydrant or in a litter box, your pet’s waste is a good indicator of their health. Urine should be clear and yellow, and solid waste should be brown and firm. The average pet has 1-2 bowel movements a day. Take note of any changes in your pet’s bathroom habits and seek out your vet’s opinion if necessary.

6. Good Appetite
Happy and healthy pets generally maintain a healthy and consistent appetite. Since different pets have different nutrition needs and eating habits, it’s a good idea to pay attention to your pet’s individual behavior. Be sure to notice if your pet’s appetite suddenly changes. A poor appetite could be a sign of boredom, dental problems, or other health issues. Your veterinarian can help you find the best food and routine for your pet.

7. Ready for Playtime
Does your pet get excited when she sees that new toy? Keep in mind that every pet is different, but most pets will be eager to play. Happy and healthy pets are usually active, but the level of activity will depend on breed, age, and other factors. If your pet is usually energetic but suddenly loses interest in playing, then it might be time to talk to your vet.

Maintain Your Pet’s Health
Each pet is unique, and as you get to know your pet’s individual habits, it will be easier to notice changes. These 7 signs of a healthy pet are a great starting point for making sure your pet is happy. Our pets deserve the best, and with a proper diet, playtime, grooming, and regular visits to the vet, we can keep them healthy and thriving.
Sami vets care clinic

27/01/2023

HCN poising
Causes:
• Cyanide poisoning results from exposure to a source of cyanide ions (CN-). Cyanides are found in plants, fumigants, soil fertilizers and rodenticides ( eg calcium cyanomide ) ,soil sterilizers, and salts used in industrial processes, such as gold mining, metal cleaning and electroplating, photographic processes, and others. Hydrogen cyanide is also known as prussic acid, and cyanide salts liberate cyanide gas in the presence of acids (eg, in the stomach).
• Toxicity can result from improper or malicious use ,but in the case of livestock,the most frequent cause is ingestion of plants that contain cyanogenic glycosides .These Include Triglochin maritime( arrow grass)
,sorghum spp (Sudan grass, common sorghum ),Prunus spp ( apricot,peach) ,apple ( Pyrus malus ) Zea mays ( corn) and Linum spp (flax).
• The acute lethal dosage of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in most animal species is ~2 mg/kg of body weight. Plant materials containing ≥200 ppm of cyanogenic glycosides are dangerous. Cyanide poisoning is often a component of smoke inhalation poisoning.
There are four main syndromes in animals:
• Classical acute cyanide poisoning is when CN- binds to, and inhibits, the ferric (Fe3+) heme moeity form of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (synonyms: aa3, complex IV, cytochrome A3, EC 1.9.3.1). This blocks the fourth step in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (reduction of O2 to H2O), resulting in the arrest of aerobic metabolism, systemic hypoxia, and death from histotoxic anoxia. Tissues that heavily depend on aerobic metabolism such as the heart and brain are particularly susceptible to these effects.
• Chronic cyanide poisoning-related hypothyroidism is due to disruption of iodide uptake by the follicular thyroid cell sodium-iodide symporter by thiocyanate, a metabolite in the detoxification of cyanide.
• Chronic cyanide and cyanide metabolite (e.g, various glutamyl beta-cyanoalanines)-associated neuropathy toxidromes, which include diseases such as sorghum cystitis ataxia syndrome in horses, as well as various cystitis ataxia syndromes in cattle, sheep, and goats
• Chronic cyanogenic glycoside exposure (notably from Sorghum spp) -associated musculoskeletal teratogenesis (ankyloses or arthrogryposes) and abortion.

Clinical Findings:

• In acute cyanide poisoning Signs generally occur within 15–20 minutes to a few hours after animals consume toxic forage, and survival after onset of clinical signs is rarely >2 hours.
• Excitement can be displayed initially, accompanied by rapid respiration rate. .
• Dyspnea follows shortly, with tachycardia.
• The classic “bitter almond” breath smell may be present.
• Sudden development of bloat(rumen distension).
• Salivation, excess lacrimation, and voiding of urine and f***s may occur. Vomiting may occur, especially in pigs..
• Muscle fasciculation is common and progresses to generalized spasms and coma before death.
• Animals may stagger and struggle before collapse. In other cases, sudden unexpected death may ensue.
• Mucous membranes are bright red but may become cyanotic terminally. Venous blood is classically described as “cherry red” because of the presence of high venous blood pO2; however, this color rapidly changes after death.
• Cardiac arrhythmias are common due to myocardial histotoxic hypoxia. Death occurs during severe asphyxial convulsions.

Differential Diagnosis:

• Nitrate or nitrite
• Urea
• Organophosphates
• Carbamates
• Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
• Toxic gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide)
• Enterotoxemia (over eating disease)
• As well as infectious or noninfectious diseases and other toxidromes that cause sudden death

Treatment:
• Immediate treatment with oxygen and Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a ) is the gold-standard antidote for cyanide because of its effectiveness and low toxicity. Suggested dosage is 70 mg/kg, infused IV over 15 minutes, repeated as necessary.
• Methylene blue if diagnosis is in doubt (signs are similar to those of nitrate poisoning)
• Removal from the source of exposure
• Classically, various nitrites have been used for this purpose; eg, inhaled amyl nitrite followed by IV injection of a nitrite salt (typically sodium nitrite) has been used to rapidly induce methemoglobinemia.
• The contents of one 0.3-mL vial of amyl nitrite should be inhaled by the animal as soon as possible after exposure, followed by an IV infusion of sodium nitrite (10 g/100 mL of distilled water or isotonic saline; 20 mg/kg body weight) over 3–4 minutes. Nitrite treatment is then followed by a slow IV injection of sodium thiosulfate (20% w/w) at ≥500 mg/kg.
• Sodium nitrite therapy may be carefully repeated at 10 mg/kg, every 2–4 hours or as needed.