Vet.mosson Lekumock Irmakesen

02/10/2023

Worm treatment programs for Cats
TAKE NOTE

02/10/2023

High caring of our animals is passion

02/10/2023

Always animal are our family

01/10/2023

Today

06/07/2023

MIFUMO YA KUFUGA SAMAKI

1. UFUGAJI HURIA (EXTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM)
a) Huu ni mfumo ambao samaki hupandikizwa kwenye bwawa na kuhudumiwa kwa kiwango kidogo duni.
b) Samaki hula vyakula vya asili vinavyo patikana kwenye bwawa.
c) Samaki hupandikizwa wachache mfano mita 1 ya mraba inapandwa idadi ya samaki chini ya 3 na hivyo mavuno huwa kidogo.
d) Mfumo huu maranyingi hutumika kwa matumizi ya nyumbani tu k**a mboga.
e) Usimamizi wa aina ya bwawa hili huwa hafifu

2. UFUGAJI NUSU SHADIDI (SEMIINTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM)
a) Katika mfumo huu samaki hupandikizwa kwenye bwawa na kuhudumiwa kwa kiwango cha kati.
b) Samaki hutegemea chakula cha asili na pia chakula cha ziada huongezwa katika bwawa. Mfumo huu ni mzuri na unataumiwa na nchi nyingi za Afrika.
c) Mita moja ya mraba tunapanda kati ya samaki 5-10

3. MFUMO SHADIDI (INTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM).
a) Huu ni mfumo unao tumia technolojia na utaalam wa kisasa kwani idadi ya samaki wanao pandwa katika eneo husika ni kubwa
b) Samaki hutegemea chakula cha kusindika (Artificial feeds)
c) Ufugaji huu unafaida na unahitaji mtaji mkubwa pia teknolojia ya hali ya juu sana,ikiwa sambamba na miundombinu ya uhakika.

UKIITAJI KITABU CHA UFUGAJI WA SAMAKI WASILIANA NASI 068904889 AU WHATSAPP NO +255 743 512 580

HARDCOPY SH 10,000
SOFTCOPY SH 5,000 UNATUMIWA KWA EMAIL AU WHATSAPP

15/12/2022

30/09/2022

Bloat in cattle

30/09/2022

30/04/2022

Happy world

29/04/2022

Be kind to animals dear Indonesia citizens
Love and protect the remaining tigers






Keep sharing

Experts say deforestation and poaching pose enormous challenge to survival of Indonesia’s last remaining tiger species.

27/04/2022

Learn about the Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in poultry

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ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE DISEASES THAT AFFECTS POULTRY BIRDS DURING RAINING SEASON.

Just like how mosquitoes disturb humans during raining season, In poultry farming during raining season CRD also known as Chronic Respiratory Diseases is a frequent diseases that attacks poultry farms.

Even though it’s not only cold seasons that can cause CRD for poultry birds
It can also be caused by poor ventilation, Smoke from heat source during brooding and also caused by the ammonia smell released from wet or dirty litters from the floor pens.

CRD Is one of those diseases that is hard to get rid of once your poultry birds have it, even though it’s not a disease that kills poultry birds anyhow it’s best to prevent your birds from having the diseases because it’s harder to treat and cure your birds from the diseases once they have it .

CRD Attacks both layers and broilers and makes layers lay fewer eggs and also make them cough,there will be nasal discharge from their nose
sneezing, breathing through the open beak. Feed consumption is reduced and birds lose weight, in young chicks there is rattling, sneezing, and sniffing, all indicative of a respiratory difficulty.

In broilers, CRD mostly breakout when the birds are between 2 to 5 weeks of age.

CRD also spread through contaminated dust, droplets or feathers carried through the air.

DISEASES PREVENTION.
There are so many cough drugs that one can use, But if you are the one that’s going to buy the drugs for yourself buy drugs that there is TYLO in their names. And this is because drugs that have TYLO in their names are used for treating Respiratory diseases such as CRD.
Drugs used includes Tylosin,TYLO EXTRA, TYLO B, Centre Tydox, Gentylo.

23/04/2022

Anesthesia guidelines in ruminants and general considerations.

1.Acclimation

Do not use newly arrived animals for experimental procedures until 72 hours after entry into the facility. A one-week acclimation period is recommended.

This stabilization period is not required for animals used acutely (anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the procedure), although it is recommended. This provision allows animals to acclimate to the facility and reduces the chance of stress-induced disease, including anesthetic death.

2.Padding and positioning

Proper padding and optimal positioning of ruminants during surgery is important. Whenever possible, standing surgeries with local anesthetic blocks are preferred.

However, if recumbency is required, place ruminants on a flat surface with sufficient padding. A minimum of one- to two-inch thickness is recommended for calves, sheep, and goats.

Because of their size, ruminants often require mechanical ventilation during anesthetic procedures.

3.Fasting

Fast animals for 24 hours prior to an anesthetic event.

4.Heat

Because most anesthetic drugs cause hypotension and hyperthermia, provide supplemental heat under anesthesia. Despite having wool, sheep become hypothermic during anaesthesia and standard methods should be used to maintain body temperature (insulating blankets, heating pads, etc.).

Supplemental heat sources include circulating water blankets, air heating devices or commercial products that can be heated up or create heat via a safe chemical reactions. NO electric heating pads are allowed for use with ruminants. Regardless of heat source, never place animals directly on the heat.

5.Catheterization

Following sedation, place an indwelling catheter to administer anesthetic drugs, emergency drugs, and intravenous fluid support. The most common site for catheter placement is the jugular vein. Appropriate sizes for jugular catheterization: 16G or 18G in sheep, goats, or calves, and 12G or 14G in adult cattle.

6.Fluid support

It is important to provide supplemental fluid support. Appropriate fluid rates range from 5-10 mls/kg/hour, and may vary based on the anesthetic combination used.

7.Rumen tubes

Due to the propensity for ruminants to regurgitate and/or develop bloat, place a rumen tube in anesthetized ruminants.

8.Monitoring

Standard mammalian monitoring techniques apply to ruminants. The goal of monitoring should be to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis and core body temperature.

Understanding the basic physiologic effects of the anesthetics used is paramount to correctly interpreting monitoring parameters.

Parameters to be monitored in anesthetized ruminants include anesthetic depth, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, expired CO2 (EtCO2), temperature, blood pressure, and mucous membrane color.

Keep following Dr Fami

21/04/2022

Get more practical skills

How to reap the most from the layers

As a layer farmer, one has to understand all the variables that may affect egg production.

Breed
The decision of what breed to rear is taken by the farmer and then the hatchery supplies chicks from birds bred for optimum egg production with known potentials.

Flock management determines when and if your hens reach their egg-laying potential.

Management also determines whether the flock production curve fluctuates erratically or follows the established pattern.

Pullet management

It is important to manage pullets correctly particularly in the areas of nutrition, light management and disease control.

At the point of lay, a pullet may weigh about 1.5kg. Birds that start laying before attaining the correct size may be prone to prolapses of the cloaca.

Deworm monthly after 8 weeks. De-beak between 8 and 12 weeks.

De-beaking should be done by qualified personnel. The lower beak should be longer to enable the hen ‘scoop’ feeds.

Success or failure of the layer enterprise will depend, to a large extent, on the management of the pullets.

Light management

Unknown to many poultry farmers, light is much more important for the hens than just for sight. Light plays a significant role in poultry reproduction, growth and behaviour.

Light controls sexual maturity in birds. Layers should be given 24 hours of light for the first four weeks. Increasing day-length (light) leads to faster sexual maturity hence earlier lay.

Pullets stimulated to lay before week 17 or 18 may never achieve their lifetime productivity potential. For maximum egg production, 16 hours of light is required at peak lay.

At no time should photoperiod be reduced during lay. A word of caution though: too much light in a layers’ house may lead to vices such as cannibalism, aggression and even egg eating.

This informs the cardinal rule of building a chicken house in an east-west orientation.

Nutrition
Laying hens require balanced feed to sustain maximum egg production over time.

They require energy, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Given that feeds account for over 70 per cent of rearing costs, many farmers attempt shortcuts.

Some give their hens ‘breakfast,’ ‘lunch’ and ‘supper,’ in which case the birds do not get enough feeds, while others add other feed ingredients to commercial feeds.

Again unknown to many, this ‘adulteration’ serves to distort the formulation and eventually, the performance of birds.

Cumulatively, each layer chick consumes about 2kg of chick and duck mash between day old to eight weeks.

One growing pullet consumes about 7kg growers mash cumulatively between 9 and 20 weeks. A layer bird cumulatively consumes about 50kg of mash for her entire optimal laying life of 12 months (about 140g/day).

If a farmer finds that their hens are eating more, it is most likely that they have a lot of spillage (they eat more when it is cold).

Spillage maybe corrected by raising or lowering the feeders so the feed level is the same as the back of the hens.

Water is a critical but often overlooked nutrient. Birds and indeed all animals can survive longer without feed/food than without water.

At normal temperatures, layers consume twice as much water as they consume feeds. During periods of high temperatures, water consumption may double or even quadruple.

For good lay percentages, ensure birds are supplied with adequate quantities and quality water.

Floor space for layers

For optimal performance, each layer requires 2 square feet of space. Incorporate perches on which birds prefer to sleep at night.

The use of perches also helps concentrate manure in single locations making cleaning easier. Moreover, chicken have a desire to perch, so providing for this natural behaviour contributes to animal welfare.

Provide laying nests covered with black polythene; a nest measuring 1ft x 1ft is sufficient for five hens.

The floor should be covered with 4 inches wood shavings to absorb moisture and cushion the birds from the cold floor.

Identification of laying hens

These tend to be smaller, have bright red combs/wattle; additionally, three middle fingers fit between the p***c bones in a laying bird.

Expected performance

Mortality at rearing should not exceed 5 per cent.

Mortality at lay should not be more than 8 per cent.

Age at start of lay is 18 to 20 weeks

Total egg production per hen for her lifetime, about 318 eggs.

Average weekly egg production:

• Week 19 - 6%
• Week 20 - 20%
• Week 21 - 50%
• Week 22 - 78%
• Week 23-43 - 90 - 93%
• Week 44-60 - 80-89%
• Week 61-73 - 70-79%
• Week 73 – 80 - 70 – 65%

Reasons hens stop laying

Normally, a hen would lay between 24 and 27 eggs in a month.

This is because it takes 26 hours for an egg to be formed. Reasons why hens would stop or reduce laying include:

1. Laying for more than 12 months.
2. Change in weather conditions leading to stress.
3. Vaccination, de-beaking and transportation stresses.
4. Disturbances like when removing litter, predators and noises.
5. Rationing feeds.
6. Feeding poor quality feeds.
7. Insufficient fresh, clean drinking water.
8. Exposure to short photoperiod hours of light.
9. Infestation with Internal and/or external parasites.
10. Disease situation.
11. When the birds are laying and eating eggs/deficiencies.
12. When other predators are eating eggs e.g cats, rats, snakes.

The good news is that a farmer can do something to address most of the causes of reduced laying.

Keep following Dr Fami

15/04/2022

Press.president Joe Biden

15/04/2022

Aspergillosis in Chickens (Fungal Pneumonia):

1.Etiology:

The fungus causing Aspergillosis in poultry is Aspergillus fumigatus

2.Transmission:

Transmission is by inhalation of fungus spores from contaminated litter (e.g. wood shavings, straw) or contaminated feed. Hatcheries may also contribute to infection of the chicks.

3.Epidemiology:

Young chickens are very susceptible. Older chickens are more resistant to infection. Turkey poults, pheasants, quails, ducklings, and goslings
may also become infected.

4.Clinical Signs:

Infected chickens show signs of:
💉Depression and thirsty.
💉Gasping and rapid breathing can be observed.
💉Fever.
💉Inappetence.
💉Emaciation.
💉Mortality is variable, from 5 to 50%.
💉Gross lesions involve the lungs and airsacs primarily.
💉Yellow-white pin head sized lesions can be found.
💉Sometimes all body cavities are filled with small yellow-green granular fungus growth.

5.Diagnosis:

The presence of Aspergillus fumigatus can be identified microscopically or sometimes even with the naked eye in the air passages of the lungs, in the airsacs or in lesions of the abdominal cavity. Aspergillosis can be confirmed by isolation and identification of the fungus from lesions.

6.Treatment:

💉 No specific treatment available.

💉spontaneous recovery if re exposure is prevented

7.Control:

⭕Removing the birds from contaminated area.

⭕Removing infected birds from the flock.

⭕Removing contaminated materials.

⭕Increase ventilation and air exchange.

Keep following Dr Fami

09/04/2022

Read this before starting a dairy farm:

Starting a dairy farm is not an easy task. A new dairy farm needs a lot of planning and capital! Planning, however, is the big word here! You cannot wake up one morning, check your bank account, buy stuff and start a dairy farm. Starting a dairy farm needs more than money…it needs planning and clear goals of where you are going and what you need to achieve. If you add a bit of passion to the mix and you are destined for success.

We are going to focus on two important factors which are the main determinants to milk production; Breed selection and Feeding. Other honourable productivity mentions include; Health, reproduction and housing. If you get these steps right, then you are on the right track to success.

Look for a good breed

You are starting a dairy farm to get milk and make money right? Yes! Knowing the right breed to buy is a priority because it will determine how much milk you get daily (This is assuming you will manage your farm well – and in manage, I mean feeding your cows right and making sure they don’t get sick).

These are some of the main breeds;

Fresian: The Fresian has a milk yield between 25–30 litres per day.

Jersey: The Jersey breed has a milk yield between 15–20 litres per day.
Ayrshire: The Ayrshire has a milk yield of 20 litres per day.
Guernsey: The Guernsey cow can give you up to 25 litres per day.
Fleckvieh: The Fleckvieh breed is a multi-purpose, meaning it can be used for milk and meat. It produces between 18-20 litres per day.

Follow the right breeding programs to ensure your cow gives birth every year. It’s a huge blessing when your cow gives birth every year. It’s a big deal. It ensures you have a constant flow of milk and new cows to replace the old ones.

Always use artificial insemination (AI) to breed your dairy cows. AI gives you imported, superior, disease-free bull semen that will improve your herd.

It is cheaper to buy local breeds and use AI to perfect them over the years. It is time-consuming but it will save you a lot of money as a beginner farmer.

Feeding

Cows are simple creatures. Give them food and they will give you milk. Give them enough good and nutritious food and they will give you a lot of milk. Food and water should readily be available to your dairy cows.

Keep following Dr Fami

02/04/2022

31/03/2022

Proper management of pigs building

31/03/2022

Make a profit business

24/03/2022

Whenever thinking of poultry farming, Seven things you must need to know:

1. Market research

It is very important to critically look at the demand that needs to be met. Is there high demand for table eggs, out grower chicken or broiler meat? Most start-up farmers go by what a friend or relative or neighbouring farmer is doing and hope to reap the benefits.

It is important that you take your time to talk to clients or potential customers and listen to them. Do a survey on restaurants, hotels, open air or takeaway eateries, supermarkets and delis and collect as much data as possible.

Ask questions about seasonal trends of products that you intend to bring into the market. Sometimes your assumptions may not match your survey results or outcome, so be ready to change your original plans and make new decisions.

2. Farm location

A poultry farm can be located on any dry land anywhere in the country as it is not dependent on any weather patterns. However, the ideal location would be outskirts of urban or peri-urban cities where there is ready market for both meat and eggs. Construct your farm where there is access to all weather road, away from riparian land that experience occasional flooding and landslide.

3. Housing system

The most common housing system in this country is deep litter, where the entire floor is covered by wood shaving and the other equipment like nest boxes, feeders and drinkers are centrally located. It is best suited for all types of birds and conforms to animal welfare requirement.

The free-range type is common for Sasso chicken with a bit of housing at night and scavenging in an open enclosure. In organic farming, the chickens are most of the time on free range scavenging and are on restricted commercial feed with no use of antibiotics and any additive.

4. Demand for building

The most ideal house in this region must be open sided rectangular shaped structure, with roof made of iron sheet or locally available waterproof material. The long side of the house must be on an East-west orientation to reduce direct sunlight on the chicks.

Side walls should be 2-3 feet high made of bricks, iron sheet or block and the rest covered by wire mesh and chicken netting at 6-7 feet high. The floor could be concreted or compacted with red soil.

5. Choice of breed and supplier

If you want to keep commercial layers, choose type of breed which is hardy with low mortality rate, fast growth rates, high peak production, long peak period and good persistence (like Bovans brown). If it is for both meat and egg production, look for a breed of high feed conversion efficiency, and of good tasty and tender quality meat (like dual purpose Sasso).

6. Optimal health protection

Threats to your flock will include but not limited to protozoal and parasitic diseases, bacteria, yeast and mold and viral infections. You will need good rearing conditions that include proper brooding, temperature control, ventilation and humidity as well as quality water and adequate feed supply all the time.

Biosecurity is pivotal to your success; the premises must be highly sanitised within and around the site with limited flock visits to only authorised personnel. Vaccination schedule must be followed to the letter and must be chosen based on efficacy and administered professionally.

7. Record keeping

Anything that cannot be counted cannot be measured. Most farmers ignore the value of good record keeping. Feed being the highest production cost in poultry production, means that it must be weighed to the level of grammes fed/bird/day, and weight sampling must be done on weekly basis to establish production efficiency.

Keep following Dr Fami