Zillicoah Animal Behavior

03/18/2025

🔬Breaking Down New Recommendations for Equine Deworming 🪱

Deworming horses is a practice that seems to constantly evolve – the more we learn, the more recommendations change to ensure we are making the best decisions for our horses and the industry as a whole, and sometimes it can feel hard to keep up! We used to recommend rotating dewormers every 2 to 3 months to combat parasites, however, I hope by now, the only thing you rotate are your pastures (sorry – a little equine science humor). Rather, you should be utilizing targeted deworming for your mature horses. This means you are performing f***l egg counts to (1) identify your high shedders and (2) performing f***l egg count reduction tests on your herd to determine which dewormers are still effective. So let’s dive into how targeted deworming would work with your horses.

I want to make sure everyone is aware that through deworming, you will NEVER get rid of all the parasites – and that is not one of the goals of deworming. Rather, we want to minimize the risk of parasitic disease and delay further development of anthelmintic (dewormer) resistance. To accomplish these goals, we want to target parasites that are often associated with parasitic disease (primarily strongyles and tapeworms), provide more frequent dewormings to high shedders which contribute to environmental contamination, and only use dewormers that are effective for our herd.

However, not all horses are created equal and some variables can impact deworming recommendations such as age (see my previous post about deworming young horses), geographical region/climate, shedding level, and access to green grass. This is because many of our concerning parasites are transmitted when horses are on pasture, and we want to target them during periods of high transmission when they are more readily spread.

All horses should receive one to two baseline treatments of a macrocyclic lactone (ivermectin or moxidectin). Current recommendations are to deworm in the spring and once horses are removed from pasture going into winter. If you do not remove your horse from pasture, you can just time these for the spring and fall.

For high strongyle shedders (>500 eggs per gram), additional dewormings can be done during periods of higher transmission. This varies by geographical region and a study predicted the successful development of strongyles eggs for six different locations (Leathwick et al., 2015). This model suggests colder northern climates have a short window of transmission during the summer months. This window becomes larger as we move south to warmer climates until we reach southern states where transmission can be observed throughout the entire year. An exception here is arid states in the southwest (which I will discuss in a moment). If you want to see the graphs detailing these transmission windows, take a look at the 2024 AAEP Internal Parasite Guidelines.

Based on these findings, I would choose to deworm high shedders in colder climates during the summer months when transmission is observed. In comparison, high shedders in southern states may also benefit from an additional deworming in the winter when it is more mild. These recommendations could change based on the weather conditions observed each year.

I do want to specifically address arid regions of the United States (primarily in the southwest (including Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico). When horses are located here and are not kept on green pastures, small strongyles and tapeworms are unlikely to require the primary attention in parasite control programs. As a result, the current recommendation for horses without pasture residing in these regions is to perform regular f***l egg counts to determine the necessary level of anthelmintic intervention required (Ramey and Nielsen, 2019).

So hopefully these recommendations help clear things up as to how to deworm! I still continuously see inaccurate and outdated information on this topic so it is important to stay educated for the sake of our horses!

Cheers!
Dr. DeBoer

Leathwick DM, Donecker JM, Nielsen MK. A model for the dynamics of the free-living stages of equine cyathostomins. Veterinary Parasitology. 2015 Apr 30;209(3-4):210-20.

Ramey DW, Nielsen MK. Limited strongyle parasite occurrence in horses kept in an arid environment. Equine Veterinary Education. 2020 Aug;32:37-40.

01/09/2025

I've been thinking recently about the value of teaching our animals confidence in problem-solving. In the horse world, this has often been referred to as developing a 'fifth leg'.

This is something that I focus on a lot on my training with both my horses and dogs.

In this photo, you can see that one of my horses (I suspect Clio) has broken the ice overnight to be able to have a drink. I have been up 3 times a day during this very cold snap to break the ice on the water anyway, but it gave me great satisfaction and relief to see that the ponies can also do it for themselves rather than solely relying on me.

I'll give some other examples.

With both of my ponies but especially Clio (as she is much more flighty as a whole, and standing still is her least favourite behaviour) I have taught them to step out of anything that gets tangled out of their legs, and to stand still and wait for me if this is unsuccessful.

I have recall trained both ponies: this means that once, when Clio got loose on an in-hand walk and went completely over threshold (she galloped off) she came straight back when recalled.

Horses are typically bubble-wrapped: they are often rugged (over-rugging is more of a problem than under-rugging) all the time during winter, and risks are minimised (never feeding haynets from the ground; minimising turnout to reduce the risk of injury for competition horses - which is a misnomer - the rider counting and measuring - to the inch - every stride into a fence when jumping ...

I have always made a point of leaving 'debris' in the field - branches dumped in random places and on top of each other, small jumps where I have not measured the distances between them, feeding small-holed haynets off the floor (never had a hoof stuck), hanging floaty things from the shelter ceiling. When riding her, I let Clio choose the path she takes over difficult ground: as a dyspraxic person, she is a much better judge of the best place to put her feet than me! I want my animals to be able to resolve problems themselves without following my lead blindly and without thinking. Encouraging and reinforcing this way of thinking bleeds into all sorts of situations.

I find that my youngest pony, Clio, is a particularly confident problem-solver, whereas Edna is not. Considering that both of them were rescued from severe neglect and starvation, it is likely that Clio survived from watching other horses problem-solve, including her mother; and that Edna sadly ended up in a state of learned helplessness. This is likely because Clio was young and her ability to problem-solve enabled her survival. I can see this in her behaviour now: she is a skilled escape artist to get to better grass. Of course she will be! This may have been what enabled her survival in her early life, versus the horse that 'respects' a fence and won't even try to get to food on the other side. Hence rather than just create bombproof fencing, I prioritise her feeling she has enough food in the paddock she is in. Trauma such as this can create excellent survivors, but more often than not it affects animals' self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, self-confidence, personality (pessimistic traits, for example), expectations that only bad things can happen to them and that any attempt to problem-solve or escape will not work - so they don't even try (which is learned helplessness). Training has helped enormously with this for Edna, but will not undo beliefs she will have developed during 12-13 years of trauma and neglect.

I think that horses in particular are often taught to obey their handler no matter what, and not to use their own judgement: what if the rider gets a stride wrong into a large fence? Would we want the horse to wait for the rider to correct it, or correct it themselves? If the horse is on a hack and gets stuck, do we want them to try to sort themselves out or not even try and wait for direction?

When one of my dogs takes umbridge at a nearby dog or person, I respect that and give them space. My dogs are MUCH better at reading other dogs than me (even as a trainer) so rather than assume I am right and they are wrong about a dog that may be communicating threat, I listen to them and move away.

Giving our animals genuine choices where possible, and respecting them, is another great way to create a two-way conversation rather than the traditional human-centred dialogue.

I usually (unless I know the weather is going to be sh*te and that the ponies really do need their rugs on) give my ponies the choice about whether to have their rugs on or not - then, even if I disagree, I respect that choice.

Some examples re. my dogs:

- When Inka (it's usually him) alerts to a possible threat outside the house, I always attend to it. He quickly learned to alert and immediately look to me to solve the problem. Great teamwork and to know that he dog trusts me to keep us all safe!
- When Freja plants on a walk (which is common at the moment with all the shooting that goes on in our valley) and wants to go home, we go home - even if I would rather go further and don't 'agree' that there is a threat there.
- When Blue barks once to say he needs the toilet, I always attend to him. Blue has Canine Cognitive Decline and will ask to go out constantly sometimes, but even if I know he doesn't need the toilet I always attend to him: sometimes he gets stuck moving from one room to another, or wants more food. It's frustrating as I can be up 12-13 times a night on a bad night, and I could easily ignore or bo***ck him saying 'he's fine, he doesn't need anything' but I always respond nontheless.
- Inka can open doors. He already did this himself (as a confident problem-solver like Clio) and I put it on cue. It means I need to keep my front door locked all the time just in case, but I like to think that in an emergency, he could get himself and our other dogs out of the room/house (our 2 other exit doors are always unlocked).

Being responsive is another way to create a two-way conversation and great problem-solving skills in animals. When your horse/dog alerts to something, gets to threshold or spooks, or encounters a problem, do they know they can ask you for help? Or do they expect a telling-off or to be ignored?

How can confidence in problem-solving be achieved?
- Giving your dog/horse genuine choices over small everyday things
- Being responsive to your horse/dog's mood state, needs and communication
- Don't micro-manage your dog/horse - give them opportunities to think, process and make decisions themselves (whilst still keeping them safe)
- Regularly giving your horse/dog achievable problems to solve rather than doing it for them
- Pay close attention to your dog/horse - what does their body language tell you in different environments? What, given the opportunity, little choices and preferences do they make on an everyday basis that are easily missed?
- With your dog, consider activities that let your dog be a dog and involve senses and skills that you do not have: i.e. mantrailing, scentwork etc
- Giving your dog/horse free work and enrichment regularly
- Reinforcing when they do problem-solve - including the 'tries' even if they have been unsuccessful.
- Don't bubble-wrap your horse!

01/04/2025

12/23/2024

12/12/2024

04/03/2024

Separation Distress

Separation related problems are extremely common in domestic horses, this is most likely due to widespread weaning practices where horses are weaned early and abruptly rupturing maternal bonds ( McMilan,2016, Rybovak,2022).This then can impact a horse throughout their life. It is not uncommon for horses to experience social flux on livery yards where horses are frequently added or removed from the group or in some cases kept in isolation which can exacerbate separation distress. Early in life a horse’s dam acts as a secure base from which to explore the world and the mare/foal bond is crucial for influencing future relationships both with other horses and humans. It is crucial to understand that separation anxiety is a normal response to a dependent experiencing lengthy or prolonged separation from their main attachment figure (carer), however, if it is excessive it can interfere with an individuals ability to cope.

Separation distress can give rise to a range of emotions including anxiety, fear and even frustration as the horse seeks to re-connect with their carer or main attachment figure. Frustration occurs as the horses attempt to reach their companions are thwarted.

Social panic, bonding and attachment is opioid-mediated, so separation and social isolation produce an analogous response to that of opioid withdrawal (Panksepp et al,2005,Panksepp,2011,Eisenberger,2012,McMilan,2016). In other words, separation is physically painful. True separation distress extends far beyond simple frustration or anxiety at being on their own, instead it is a fear or aversion to the absence of an attachment figure that triggers a panic like response. Separation distress like all other struggles horses may have are multifaceted and may be rooted in a range of causes including but not limited to

🐴Epigenetics

🐴Genetic predisposition

🐴Trauma

🐴Previous experiences in particular those early in life including early weaning and the breaking of maternal bonds

🐴Early life stress

🐴Attachment ruptures

🐴Temperament

🐴 Breed traits

🐴Pain or pain memory

Separation anxiety can manifest in a range of ways including

🐴Vocalisation

🐴Fence walking

🐴Increased movement

🐴Increased urination and/or defecation

🐴 Panic

This panic response from an evolutionary standpoint is understandable as to a young mammal the loss of their dam and social group poses a threat to life.
Horses are a highly gregarious species who are extremely dependent on each other in order to survive and thrive. They also likely form bonds with human caregivers, however, research on this is sparse in comparison to the dog-human bond. The limited research that has been conducted points to attachment difficulties associated with the human caregiver occur when the caregiver is inconsistent in their behaviour such as the sporadic use of punishment (Lundberg et al,2020) This echoes the human literature where attachment problems occur as a consequence of disorganized attachment as opposed to hyper-attachment this is commonly seen in other animals such as dogs.

Keeping horses in isolation is also common practice which may lead to the development of separation distress in some cases (Newberry & Swanson,2008,Lansade et al,2022) In comparison to other species we have less understanding of how horses form and maintain attachment bonds.
Attachment behaviours include: -

🐴Proximity Seeking: Closeness to the attachment figure in order to gain a sense of security and protection.

🐴Secure Base: This is where the attachment figure provides a secure base from which the individual can leave the attachment figure and explore the world. This extends to other relationships not just that of the mare/foal bond.

🐴Safe Haven: The attachment figure provides a sense of security during times of stress or if an individual is struggling to cope.

Disturbances of social groups and contexts has been researched on other species such as elephants and given horses face similar denials of or disruptions to equine social structures it is possible that this also exists for horses and may influence their behaviour and ability to cope (Manrique et al,2022).

Social behaviour in horses involves the use of MUTUAL communication between all herd members. Horses communicate via body language and behaviours through the giving and responding of signals to develop a mutual language between them. Their behaviours gain meaning through being given consistently and predictably over time. Each individual horse has their own comfort zone or bubble around them and they communicate who is or is NOT allowed to share their space (Bartlett et al,2022, Woltee et al,2018, Kieson et al,2023) Friends or preferred conspecifics will be allowed closest but other horses they would prefer to have further away. It is important not to confuse this with resource sharing, guarding or dominance. A horse’s bubble can be influenced by stress, pain, illness or tiredness among other factors. Recent and emerging research suggests horses display social bonds through: -

🐴Proximity

🐴Mutual movement and synchrony

🐴Mutual touch

Supporting horses who are experiencing separation distress involves a combination of ensuring their social, physical and emotional needs are met, careful management to ensure that they aren’t put in situations they cannot cope with and the gradual titration and pendulation of a droplet of stress and back to safety. VERY careful systematic desensitisation and counter-conditioning is also beneficial. How this looks for each horse is unique and length of time this takes is also dependent on the individual. It is not enough to train an alternative behaviour over the top we need to address the horses underlying emotional state and recognise we can’t teach safety we can only support the conditions in which safety can grow. With time , patience and attunement we can also become a source of safety in the absence of horse friends .

If you would like support with your horse’s separation distress please send me a message for a no obligation chat 0776 3317464

©️ Jessie Sams (2024) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

08/16/2023

Feeling alone in R+ with your horse?
It can be incredibly isolating. You are probably the only one at your barn using it. People may even be giving you a hard time about positive reinforcement.
Although there are many things that can help with that, I always encourage my clients to go follow a bunch of R+ social media accounts. Surround yourself with R+ on social media if you can't surround yourself with it physically. It will really change your perspective.
Go follow people and like several of their posts in a row, encouraging the algorithm to fill your feed with similar posts. Engage with them on social media. Watch their stories. Comment every once in a while. That will really swing your algorithm to show you more of those things.
Train your social media!
I will be sending out an email later this week of some awesome resources I utilize and some wonderful people I follow. So go to my website and sign up for my email to get that info later this week!
As far as social media, here are a few people I highly recommend you follow!









Farmhouse Equestrian

I'm sure I am missing a bunch of awesome people.
Tag your favorites in the comments below! And don't be afraid to promote yourself!

07/28/2023

* BUT PRESSURE AND PUNISHEMENT ARE NATURAL WAYS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HORSES *

This argument is very popular amongst people who chose to use negative reinforcement and punishment as the main way to get the desired behaviours from horses.

This statement is partially right - but it's not just horses who adjust their behaviour in a response to aversive stimuli, every single living being does. Part of survival is to be able to detect and avoid /escape from threatening stimuli.

Here is the thing: the aversive pressure used in communication between horses is only used for NEGATIVE interactions.

The agonistic interactions communicate that one horse is not happy with whatever the other horse is doing and wants to create in another horse distance (distance increasing behaviours) .

And that's all - it's not there to look for particular behaviours, it's not there for prolonged times, it's not there to control every movement. It's only there as a swift action to say "hey, get out of my way!". It doesn't create strong bonds or positive relationships - right the opposite. It doesn't trap a horse at the end of a lead rope, in the roundpen, in the school or between the whips. It's not even a big part of a daily life (unless the horse's needs are not being met) as in healthy groups of horses positive interactions dominate because horses are peaceful animals.

And most importantly it doesn't take the autonomy away.

A horse on the receiving end is free to move away from the oppressor and not engage with him again but within the human -horse interactions this freedom is taken away .

A horse is made to endure the escalation of pressure and/or punishment multiple times often for an hour or longer. It's not natural for a horse to keep on reengaging with something that sends threatening signals to his nervous systems and activates avoidance and escape behaviours.

06/10/2023

Why Tom Thumbs shouldn’t exist.

All bits fall into 2 categories- snaffle or leverage. Snaffle means no shank and has NOTHING to do with the mouthpiece. A Tom Thumb (pictured) is a single jointed mouthpiece with a shank.

A shank dramatically changes the action of a mouthpiece- just because this mouthpiece might work on your horse as a snaffle does not mean it will work on the same horse as a shank. A lot of bit manufacturers make Tom thumbs and a lot of people buy them- but that does not make them a good quality bit. (it just means people don’t understand the mechanics of a snaffle versus a leverage bit.) Because many horses go well in a single jointed mouthpiece, people, assume adding a shank is a good idea, but nine times out of 10 it just makes the horse twist their head funny. The other 10% of horses just tolerate it, but would still do better with something else.

If you want to try a shank bit, (and some horses just honestly do go much nicer in a shank) I would suggest first trying a rotating cannon style mouthpiece instead. Myler makes nice ones. They don’t twist a horse’s head the way a Tom Thumb does. They almost act a little bit like a slobber strap until the curb strap engages, meaning they have a little bit of a pre-cue, which is nice. Or even more ideal is a go straight to a solid curb if you and your horse are ready.

Historically the only two bits people used were either a single jointed snaffle (which is why it’s now common for people to think that “snaffle” means a single joint) or a solid one piece curb. They both had very different actions for a very different purposes. Both designs were good at what they were intended for. now people try to be clever and combine the two without really understanding the action and purposes of each, which were really never meant to be combined (unless we are talking about a double bridle wear a horse would wear both at the same time.)

A Tom Thumb is like someone looked at both a car and a plane and thought they were both fantastic, and decided to try to build one contraption that was the best of both, without understanding how either one worked.

06/07/2023

You brain doesn't belong to others. It belongs to you

Your brain, your horses brain, can be compared to a muscle. If you work it out, it gets better at handling loads.

The type of workout you do, says a lot about what sort of activities your brain gets good at. You can become really adept at handling change, if you practice change and adaptability. You can get really good and sticking to a plan and routine, if that is what you practice. Your brain can learn to accommodate a huge amount of stress if you know how to titrate its exposure to difficulty without flooding it.

The thing people kept saying to me at the Spring Clinic Tour was
"I don't know how you do it. It's a lot. To remember all these people and to manage so much travel! How do you do it, you must be so overwhelmed."

That would be a projection. Just because it overwhelms you, doesn't mean it overwhelms everyone else. What are we projecting onto others... onto our horses?

I have seen horses who were desperate for a holiday, a reprieve who had the hustle and grind culture projected onto them. Flip that. Horses too, who were in real need of a goal and activity being held back by an owner who projected the need to have utter calm and deep relaxation always and only.

It is a muscle, a skill. We show up prepared to do the thing, or not at all. To travel for clinics, I have to build up a level of resilience to integrating with a huge variety of people and horses, and a big tolerance for chaotic travel, and very seldom do I feel overwhelmed by it.

The things we do are not the problem. It is our brains capacity to hold space for the things, which might be.

This is where calming signals, and the scientific conversations around them become sticky. Sticky because many of us (myself included in the past) get stuck in one way of seeing them. We see a calming signal as a sign to stop, but actually it is a moderate exposure to difficulty that enables us to handle more and more and have an increased window of tolerance and nervous system threshold.

Something I have a very low threshold for, and perhaps you do too, is brutality. Brutal and unkind people and attitudes. I am intolerant of it. A little taste of it sends me way over threshold and I get only a nervous system response. I have made an intentional choice to not change that and not enhance my window of tolerance to bullies, rudeness and aggression. I have decided to remain totally sensitive to it.

But other things like skill acquisition, learning hard stuff, getting good at things, travel, meeting new people, and integrating in strange situations is something I have chosen to be good at and have a huge tolerance for.

Can you think of areas in your life where you have chosen to expand your window of tolerance, and areas you have not?

In the end, your brain belongs to you. Your horses brain, and body, belongs to them. Of course we are influenced by the outside world. But at the end, the holy grail of horsemanship and personal satisfaction is the ability to be mentally and physically free in mind, body, heart, spirit and nervous system. To be free to choose. Rather than a victim of external circumstance.

04/25/2023

What to do when your horse says “NO!” ? ❌

When your horse stops at that fence…

Or balks at that scary corner of the arena and refuses to go past…

Don’t reach for the whip to give them a swift smack. 🛑

Don’t repeatedly kick them on hard with frustration, as if they’re just intentionally defying you just to be malicious.🛑

Instead, try to remember that they’re flight animals. That they’re wired to flee from perceived danger. That sometimes their body starts moving away in response to a threat before their brain fully registers what they’re reacting to. ✅

They also could be responding to pain or discomfort.

Scaring them more won’t make them less scared. It won’t solve any underlying pain problems if there are any.

Instead, approach it with patience & gentleness.

Let them take a look from further away if they need to. Walk up to the fence slowly, allowing them to pause if needed.

Reward them for investigating, for being curious, instead of punishing their fear.

Make it feel safe to investigate new things, instead of making it more stressful & scary by hitting them.

Their confidence will grow.

Their courage will bloom.

They will be more reliable & consistent.

We work with flight animals & we need to have patience and understanding when they behave like flight animals.

Fear isn’t something that should be punished.

Stress impacts learning. Increasing the degree of fear your horse feels in training will actually make them LESS able to take in what you’re teaching.

Instead, we should gently coax confidence out of horses through supporting & rewarding their success and helping them feel safe.

Once you take away the risk for being punished for wrongs, you open the door for your horse to be motivated to offer you an abundance of different answers until they find the right one.

There’s more incentive for the horse to participate when they’re being rewarded for the right answer instead of punished for the bad.

If we’re going to ask them to go against their natural instincts as flight animals, we need to make it worth their while.

Punishing horses for fear is like throwing gasoline on a fire. 🔥

Rewarding curiosity & soothing fear is putting that fire out.✨💧

04/24/2023

Whenever I hear criticism of Positive Reinforcement (R+) training, also known as Clicker Training, Force Free Training, Reward Based Training, Fear Free Training, etc most times it's due to less than ideal training, not because Positive Reinforcement doesn't 'work' or is unethical, unsuitable or somehow there is an animal on the planet that is immune to the way every organism on the planet learns and changes their behaviour. 😄

Problems can arise due to trainer inexperience, lack of knowledge of the underpinning science (and that especially includes Classical Conditioning, Systematic Desensitisation and Counter Conditioning) or even following incorrect or psuedo-science.

Further, problems can happen due to poor mechanics, lack of attention to foundation behaviours, inappropriate food and lack of attention to the animal's needs first and foremost ie. eliminating pain and ill-health and meeting the Five Domains of animal welfare.

No one has to turn up to their horse one day and be completely force free.

Baby steps towards improving how they live, how they are handled, approaching the relationship in a more reciprocal way and giving both yourself and your horse the benefit of the doubt when experiencing problematic behaviour, will reap instant rewards for both of you. Any tiny step or teeny little bit of R+ training that you do, is money in the bank of your trust account. Being kind, empathetic and giving your horse things they like, can never be wrong. It's not easy, I understand that, but for every small effort, you will reap the benefit, both you and your horse.

One of those absolutely marvellous benefits is Discretionary Effort. I've experienced this so many times, it is so wonderful and amazing. This is not something you will ever get with Negative Reinforcement (R-) or training with R- with food on top.

"Discretionary effort is the level of effort people could give if they wanted to, but above and beyond the minimum required." —Aubrey C. Daniels, Ph.D.

It's one of the amazingly wonderful "fall outs" from Positive Reinforcement.

When we gain something we like for our behaviour, we feel good! It also makes us feel good about lots of things connected to the behaviour we were positively reinforced for. In a work situation, this could mean feeling good about our job, our co-workers, our workplace, ourselves and even our boss! When we feel this way, we are more likely to stay back a little later to finish a project or put extra effort in without being asked.

The same goes for R+ horse training. When we train our horses with Positive Reinforcement, they feel good about everything connected to the training. They like us, the training environment, the gear and what they are doing. We get this wonderful merging of extrinsic motivation with intrinsic motivation to do things and do even more things - because the horse enjoys it.

This can be the horse making that extra unexpected effort. For example, my horse Mercedes will offer a trot when I'm shaping a faster walk, or will continue to do laps of the obstacle course when she's supposed to be having a break, or my donkey Seymour will push his face quite hard into my hand when I'm shaping (gentle) face targets.

It's a pretty wonderful thing when you start to notice it.

It's not something that you'll ever get from using pressure release training, which is where the animal will only do the bare minimum required to make the pressure stop.

How great is Positive Reinforcement! You can read more about Discretionary Effort in this link, where the corporate world is getting on the feel good band wagon, in order to not only motivate, but keep staff happy :-

https://www.smore.com/rzygf-discretionary-effort-through-r?fbclid=IwAR2Vk1Q_IAOn0kLMTpcP_dTHLBm9xS38dDFskNVk91MUgjynCEgVSD4iMjg

(Photo Credit: www.aubreydaniels.com )