02/04/2025
Why can simple tasks like rugging a horse lead to biting behaviour, which, let's face it, you've all said or heard
" That's just him,"
Honestly, if I had a £ for every time I have read this or been told this, I'd have a nice little side earner!
So my post it to challenge that, to say come on, we can do better than these non logical assumptions.
The horse is saying something when they lift their head to not allow the bridle on, or they will let you groom one ear and not the other. I could go on, but you hopefully get my drift......
And yes, i hear you ask or say, surely I think a horse can show displeasure at this simple task and not have pain in the body. Well, yes and no. If they are irritated by skin conditions for instance and/ or a bad fitting rug just annoys them, so they know they don't like it, then yes, I absolutely believe horses can think ahead.
But the above will eventually lead to myofascial discomfort anyway.
But, now I'm going to talk about the horses that have a serious displeasure at the front of the rug being done up. What could be going on? What anatomy sits here........
The equine sternum, thoracic inlet, and associated nerves, along with the role of fascia, are critical in understanding why seemingly simple tasks like putting a rug on can provoke biting or behavioural reactions when a horse has issues in these areas.
Equine Sternum and Thoracic Inlet
Sternum:
The sternum in horses is a central bony structure in the chest that provides attachment for the rib cage, supporting the thorax. It also serves as a point of attachment for fascia and muscles, including the pectoral muscles, which play a key role in locomotion and posture.
Thoracic Inlet:
The thoracic inlet is the space formed by the first thoracic vertebra, the first pair of ribs, and the manubrium of the sternum. This area is a critical passage for:
Major blood vessels (e.g., subclavian arteries and veins).
Nerves (e.g., brachial plexus, which innervates the forelimbs).
Oesophagus and trachea.
Compression or restriction in this area can have widespread effects due to its anatomical complexity.
Nerves in the Area
The thoracic inlet houses nerves that can be sensitive to pressure or tension:
Brachial Plexus:
The brachial plexus emerges from the cervical spinal cord and travels through the thoracic inlet to supply the forelimbs. Compression or dysfunction here can cause pain, hypersensitivity, or neurological deficits in the forelimbs and chest region.
Intercostal Nerves:
These nerves run between the ribs and may also be affected by sternum-related restrictions, leading to pain or discomfort in the thorax.
Making the girth being another displeasure and is not ulcers!!
Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic Chain):
Tension in this region can overstimulate the autonomic nervous system, leading to a heightened stress response.
Role of Fascia
Fascia is a connective tissue network that envelops muscles, bones, nerves, and organs. It plays a crucial role in structural integrity and movement. Key considerations:
Deep Fascia of the Thorax:
The deep fascia around the sternum, thoracic inlet, and shoulder region can become tight or restricted due to injury, poor posture⚠️, or compensation from other issues.
Fascial Continuity:
The fascia in this region is interconnected with the pectorals, neck, and forelimbs. Tension or dysfunction in the fascia near the sternum can cause referred discomfort to other areas, creating hypersensitivity or pain when pressure is applied, such as during rugging.
Fascia and Nerves:
Fascia contains nerve endings and is highly innervated. When fascia becomes restricted, it can amplify pain signals, leading to exaggerated reactions to minor stimuli ⚠️
Why Rugging Causes Biting
When a horse with issues in the sternum, thoracic inlet, or fascia reacts negatively to rugging, it may be due to several factors:
Pressure Sensitivity:
Placing a rug involves pressure on the chest, shoulders, and withers, which can aggravate pain or hypersensitivity in the fascia and underlying structures.
Fascial Pull:
The action of pulling a rug over the back or shoulders stretches the fascia. If the fascia is restricted, this stretch can be uncomfortable or even painful, causing the horse to bite or display defensive behaviour.
Nerve Irritation:
Compression or tension in the thoracic inlet or sternum can irritate nerves, leading to referred pain or hypersensitivity in the forelimbs, chest, or neck. Rugging may exacerbate these symptoms.
Compensatory Tension:
Horses with poor posture, injury, or previous trauma often develop compensatory tension patterns in the fascia and muscles around the thorax. These patterns make them particularly sensitive to external stimuli like rugging.
Management and Solutions
To address these issues, consider:
Veterinary Assessment:
Rule out underlying injuries, nerve damage, or systemic issues. It is likely needed if there's been a fall, for e.g, and the horse's behaviour has changed.
Manual Therapy:
Osteopathy: Can help realign the thoracic inlet and release tension.
Myofascial Release: Targets fascial restrictions to improve mobility and reduce hypersensitivity.
Rug Fit:
Ensure the rug fits properly, avoiding pressure on sensitive areas like the shoulders and withers.
Gradual Desensitization:
Then, work with the horse to make rugging a positive experience, applying light pressure progressively to build trust. I feel this must be done at the right time to not create learned helplessness!
Bodywork and Stretching:
Exercises to release tension in the sternum, shoulders, and neck can reduce discomfort over time.
My 2 day course is aimed at providing techniques to cover all of these issues via very simple exercises and techniques anyone can learn and will do no harm.
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Equine Structural Balance Therapy Course (2-Days) For owners and therapists
By addressing the underlying issues in the sternum, thoracic inlet, and fascia, you can help the horse feel more comfortable and reduce adverse reactions to everyday tasks like rugging.