18/08/2022
Baby season is coming up for rattlesnakes! Have you heard that a bite from a juvenile venomous snakes is more dangerous or toxic than adults, because they can't control how much venom they inject? We have heard this myth many times and it has been passed down through the generations. But, for every myth, there is sometimes a sliver of truth.
Venom is extremely biologically expensive for snakes and consumes energy every time they use it for a prey item, which is why biting a human or pet is usually a last line of defense when the snake feels it has no other option. Even if a younger snake injected the entire amount of venom they have stored, the volume of venom injected compared to an adult is significantly less.
However, often younger snakes have different venom than adults. Juveniles do not necessarily have more toxic venom than adults, but they have different venom and undergo a shift in venom around sexual maturity. The differences in venom between adults and juveniles may not result in higher toxicity to humans, but may be more toxic to the prey items they eat. The changes are likely due to the prey differences of snakes at that age and venom components may be more efficient in incapacitating prey items at that size. In most cases, these venom components do not pose more risk to humans, even if may be more toxic, due to the volume injected, as mentioned above.
The Rattlesnake Conservancy always recommends seeking medical treatment for a venomous snake bite, regardless of whether or not you think it was a juvenile, or may have been a "dry bite", where no venom is injected.
Mojave rattlesnake image by Travis W. Reeder on iNaturalist