24/11/2024
🐾Let's talk about the Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (Bloat)🐾
Would you want to know about a deadly but preventable condition that could affect your dog? Of course! Unfortunately, we so often find that owners of dogs with this condition had no idea it even existed before it was actively threatening their pet’s life. We want to educate pet owners about this dangerous condition before they are faced with a critically ill pet and the costly surgery that will be necessary to save the pet’s life.
What is Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)?
Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is a serious condition and is fatal if left untreated. Commonly referred to as "bloat," GDV occurs when a dog's stomach fills with gas, food, or fluid and subsequently twists. GDV develops without warning and can progress quickly. It is always an emergency.
Stomach distension alone is referred to as a “simple bloat”, or dilatation. This simple bloating can occur on its own and may resolve on its own. According to Maureen Luschini, VMD, DACVECC, a board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care, bloat without twisting can still be life threatening but risk depends on the severity and duration. In some cases, it can last for hours without becoming life-threatening.
“The problem is that it can progress to a GDV, where the stomach twists and flips on its axis, at any time. "The pet owner will not know when that happens. That makes monitoring a bloat condition at home a very dangerous thing for an owner to do.”
It is this twisting and flipping of the stomach that creates a life threatening condition for your dog. When the stomach becomes severely distended with gas, fluid or food, it puts pressure on the surrounding organs and decreases blood flow to and from these organs. The twisted stomach is more severe, as this completely obstructs blood supply to major organs and can impact blood flow throughout the whole body resulting in shock. It is this condition that is referred to as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV).
“As the stomach expands, it puts pressure on several large arteries and veins. Blood supply is cut off to the stomach, toxic products build up, and tissues begin to die,." “Dogs can go into shock very quickly once GDV occurs, and every minute without treatment increases the risk of further damage and potentially death.”
Causes of Bloat
Bloat can occur at any age, but is most often seen in middle aged dogs. Research from Purdue University found that risk increased 20% per each year of age. The American College of Veterinary Surgeons states that nearly all breeds have been reported to have had gastric dilatation (with or without volvulus), but the condition is seen most commonly in large breed dogs with deep chests. These dogs are normally much taller than they are wide, creating a high “height to width ratio.” According to the American Kennel Club, Great Danes are 5 to 8 times more likely to bloat than a dog with a low height to width ratio.
Despite continuing research, the specific cause of GDV is not known. Risk factors which are thought to contribute to bloat include:
eating very quickly
overeating
drinking a large quantity of water in a short period of time
raised food bowls
stress (anxious dogs are thought to be more prone, as are dogs in stressful situations or environments such as boarding kennels)
exercising after eating
genetic factors
increased age
Signs of Bloat
GDV develops without warning and can progress very quickly. Recognizing the early signs is essential to increasing the chances your dog will survive. Signs in the early stages of bloat can include:
restlessness
pacing
swollen or distended abdomen
painful abdomen
overall look of distress
retching or attempts to vomit with no success
excessive drooling
panting or rapid breathing
collapse/inability to stand
bloated dog
Treatment of Bloat
Treatment for GDV should be sought out as soon as possible to increase the dog's chance of survival. The severity of the case determines the treatment recommendation for the affected dog.
Surgery is required to untwist the stomach and return it to its appropriate position. The surgery also allows the veterinarian to assess the amount of damage caused by the lack of blood flow due to the twisted stomach. If there is any tissue that is damaged it will be removed. In extreme cases where the condition has been left untreated for a longer time period, there may be too little live tissue to salvage. With appropriate pre-surgical diagnostics, pet owners can be informed of this risk in most cases prior to pursuing surgery.
Generally, a gastropexy is also performed during the surgical procedure. During a gastropexy, the stomach is sutured to the abdominal wall. This is designed to keep the stomach in place and prevent twisting of the stomach if bloat occurs again. The success rate of preventing the recurrence of a GDV is 95%.