Equine ABCs

Equine ABCs Samantha Couper - Equine behavior & consulting services

Sums up my thoughts. Social media is a cold place much of the time, where the intention of people can be hard to read. T...
01/11/2025

Sums up my thoughts. Social media is a cold place much of the time, where the intention of people can be hard to read. The more time I’ve spent here, the more I see that many times anger is just a cry of frustration from unheard people. So many arguments are had to be won, and not to grow. We won’t get it right every day, but striving towards remembering the humans on the other side is so important.

A open letter those within the R+/horse-centered/LIMA/force-free/kind/ethical/compassionate equine community:

We can disagree without there being hard feelings.

We can disagree without it being personal.

We can disagree while remaining respectful and kind to one another.

We can disagree while valuing what the other person is bringing to the table.

It’s important as a community that we are able to talk about things, bring ideas to the table, share our thoughts, and have disagreement without causing widespread dissension.

We can hold another professional in high regard and treat them with respect, while strongly disagreeing with them on certain points. I know there are many professionals that I speak highly of, that I also disagree with in certain areas.

Not only is this critical for the survival and furthering of ethically minded training (as well as other professions within the equestrian community), it’s important for representing the very thing we are such advocates for!

Kindness, compassion, consideration, empathy….

For people too.

I don’t say all of this to imply we should never disagree. It’s important to disagree. We will never move forward if we never disagree, if we never exercise reconsidering positions on things, if we never are put into the uncomfortable position of change.

Disagreeing is important. Being disagreed with is important.

But as we know, being confronted with conflicting ideas or information to your beliefs and what you have been practicing is uncomfortable. And all too often we redirect this discomfort at the person making us feel uncomfortable with their opinions and information.

All I ask is that we pause before we react.

-> You don’t have to agree with everything you read or hear or see, but for the sake of the health and future of our community, please treat others with kindness and respect.

-> And when someone disagrees with you? It doesn’t mean they don’t like you or respect you. It’s okay for people to disagree with you. You are still a valuable, important member of this community that we want to hear more from! ❤️

01/11/2025

We’ll build this out slowly, adding in elements related to riding with time. By the time she has a ba****ck pad on, she’ll be an expert at having things fall off her back and handling girth pressure around her belly in all sorts of spots.

Many people have horses “touch” objects with their nose, providing food after to help build confidence. I prefer horses to decide to touch on their own, and give a steady distribution of food, or constant access to food.

While some horses thrive under the “touch” method, I have preferred the raw information I get from behavior when the new object is disconnected from a required behavior. I prefer something more akin to classical conditioning as opposed to operant conditioning, though both go on at the same time, all the time.

01/07/2025

The natural curiosity of a horse is always fun to watch! Sound on!

12/09/2024

What behaviors have you tried this with or want to try this with?

Did you miss it? The archived webinar, Play in Horses: Benefits and Behaviours is now available online.
12/07/2024

Did you miss it? The archived webinar, Play in Horses: Benefits and Behaviours is now available online.

ON-DEMAND. An archived webinar recording of equine ethologist and behaviour consultant Samantha Couper on the benefits and behaviours of play in horses.

12/06/2024

THREE TIPS FOR SUPPORTING YOUR FEARFUL EQUINE

You don’t need to be a master trainer or an expert in horse behavior to start helping your horse today. Some of our best tools to help horses are built right into them—observe your horse and see what things they do to help themselves. Then, re-create those things for those tricky moments that catch you off guard or simply to help when a procedure is known to be uncomfortable to your horse. It can make a world of difference for some horses, and it doesn’t need to take extra time or money.

12/02/2024

FOLLOWED BY WILD HORSES

On a recent trip to a Herd Management Area, I looked over my shoulder and a group of horses was following me. These horses are not fed. This is a wonderful display of their natural curiosity.

When visiting wild horse herds, give at least 100 feet of space and 300 feet for new foals. If horses approach, move away when you are able to do so safely. Never pet or feed wild horses.

The horses in this herd are ones I’ve spent a lot of time observing. Reaching individuals who have information is the be...
11/16/2024

The horses in this herd are ones I’ve spent a lot of time observing. Reaching individuals who have information is the best chance we have for justice. Please share and get the word out!

Onaqui Community—We Need Your Help

We’re asking for your assistance in piecing together the timeline of Pyrite/Goldie/Glory’s tragic shooting and death.

If you have any images of OQ146yS (Pyrite/Goldie/Glory) taken between October 21 and November 10, please send them to the BLM Tip Line at [email protected] or call 800-722-3998. Every piece of information helps. If you’ve cropped your images, please include both the cropped and original versions when you send them. You are also welcome to send them to OCF for documentation purposes as well.

While this tragedy is heartbreaking, what defines the Onaqui community is how we rally together—for the horses. We’re grateful to those who first alerted us about Pyrite’s condition, the volunteers who checked on him, and those who accounted for the rest of the herd. We also appreciate every interview, social post share, and rally cry that is bringing attention to this. Thank you for caring so deeply about OUR wild horses.

We also want to share that the reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of those responsible for this cruel act has increased to $30,000.

Onaqui Catalogue Foundation (OCF): $1,500
Wild Beauty Foundation (WBF): $2,500
Bureau of Land Management (BLM): $5,000
Red Birds Trust (RBT): $5,000
Wild Horse Education (WHE): $5,000
Rewilding America Now (RAN): $5,000
American Wild Horse Conservation (AWHC): $6,000

We are so grateful for the outpouring of support. Together, we can work toward justice for Pyrite and ensure the safety of the Onaqui herd.

OCF Team

Bureau of Land Management - Utah
The Wild Beauty Foundation
Red Birds Trust
Rewilding America Now
Wild Horse Education
American Wild Horse Conservation

If you have a grey horse, you can now test for which allele your horse has with UC Davis! G3 is associated with increase...
11/08/2024

If you have a grey horse, you can now test for which allele your horse has with UC Davis! G3 is associated with increased risk of melanomas and a faster greying rate.

A newly published study led by Dr. Leif Andersson and colleagues at Uppsala University in collaboration with researchers at the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory (VGL) discovered the existence of two different Gray alleles, one of which is associated with fast graying and increased risk for me...

Great breakdown of some different methodologies for approaching fearful/traumatized horses.
10/18/2024

Great breakdown of some different methodologies for approaching fearful/traumatized horses.

𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿-𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝘂𝘀 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

I saw yet another post in a local group this morning supposedly promoting systematic desensitisation when in fact what they were doing is flooding. There is a huge need for education so that caregivers, riders and coaches understand the very crucial distinction .

I first came across titration and pendulation some years ago as part of my own on-going healing journey from trauma and complex ptsd. Ever since, this had made so much sense to me than the more frequently used systematic desensitisation and counter-conditioning.

I have also had the opportunity to deep dive into this on the EQUUSOMA course and further learning from Laura Donaldson which only emphasised for me that this is my preference when working with horses and dogs.

When systematic desensitisation and counter- conditioning are introduced too soon or if the intensity of the trigger is misjudged can lead to re-traumatisation. On the other hand with tiny drops of stress with titration the risk is greatly minimised.

Systematic desensitisation is the graded exposure to a trigger at a level the horse can cope with (Butler et al,2011, Wolpe,1950).

The aim is to maintain relaxation throughout. If your horse becomes tense go back a step to where they are calm.

Systematic desensitisation involves the following criteria:

• Distance
• Intensity (strength)
• Duration (start with seconds)
• Distraction ( layer them in one at a time)

Increase one criteria at a time. For example it you move closer (distance) then you lower intensity, duration and distraction. We need to recognise that we can still be removing agency from the horse when we use systematic desensitisation.

Counter - conditioning

Counter-conditioning is a type of classical conditioning. In this case the aim is for the horse to develop a positive or neutral response to a stimulus or situation that worries them ( positive conditioned emotional response or CER) (Bouton,2002,Dickinson & Pearce,1977). It is challenging to tell if what we are seeing is just a change in behaviour response or if the emotional response has truly changed with the behaviour.

This is frequently done by pairing the fear or anxiety provoking stimulus with something pleasant such as food or scratches.

For example a person on a bike is paired with food. However, this is not easy to apply as it requires precision and good timing. If your horse spots the bike before you then the association may be weakened .

Systematic desensitisation and counter-conditioning protocols can be long and complicated to follow.

Both can lead to flooding and potential re-traumatisation if done too soon, too quickly or at too high a level of intensity!!

If your horse has had a very frightening experience it is important that this is addressed FIRST through minimising every day stress and any veterinary treatment if required (Saur et al,2019)

👿FLOODING This is the process by which the horse is exposed to the fly spray at full intensity whilst escape is prevented. It is extremely poor for welfare, detrimental to the horse/ human relationship and unethical. DO NOT FLOOD YOUR HORSE!!

Titration and Pendulation

This way of working is more suitable if your horse is phobic or traumatised.
The goal with all horses to AVOID causing explosive BIG reactions as this worsens fear responses, erodes trust and can hinder progress. The aim is to settle the nervous system to optimise it's functioning (Levine, 1999,2010,Van der Kolk, 2014, Payne et al,2015) and allow for stress to be discharged safely.

Essentially pendulation and titration are about returning an individual to a more balanced state that allows them to calmly re-engage with the world (Levine, 2010). The process involves moving from a tiny droplet of stress or activation back to a sense of safety.

Dr Peter Levine describes pendulation as a primal restorative rhythm of contraction and expansion, that indicates to the individual experiencing the stress that does not last forever (Levine, 2010 p79) .

For example breaking stimuli down into it's sensory components drop by drop ie sound, sight, sight observing from a distance, tactile walking over different surfaces.

Working in tiny droplets makes flooding almost impossible. For example allowing your horse to observe a bike moving in the distance then move or graze or mutually groom with a friend to return to a sense of safety. This also allows for completion of the stress cycle (Schwartz, 2020).

References

Bouton, M. E. (2002). Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biological psychiatry, 52(10), 976-98

Butler, R., Sargisson, R. J., & Elliffe, D. (2011). The efficacy of systematic desensitization for treating the separation-related problem behaviour of domestic dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129(2-4), 136-145

Dickinson, A., & Pearce, J. M. (1977). Inhibitory interactions between appetitive and aversive stimuli. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 690.

Levine, P. A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma: The innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences. North Atlantic Books.

Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.

Payne, P., Levine, P. A., & Crane-Godreau, M. A. (2015). Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy. Frontiers in psychology, 93.

Sauer, F.J., Hermann, M., Ramseyer, A., Burger, D., Riemer, S. and Ge**er, V., 2019. Effects of breed, management and personality on cortisol reactivity in sport horses. Plos
one, 14(12), p.e0221794.

Schwartz, A. (2020). The complex PTSD workbook: A mind-body approach to regaining emotional control and becoming whole. Sheldon Press.

©️Jessie Sams (2023) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service

10/17/2024

What are your best bot fly removal hacks?

Those darn eggs are superglued on, I swear.

10/09/2024

LET’S MAKE THIS A TREND

Sprinkle some treats around a paddock or field and let your horse loose to find them!

This is a really easy way to do enrichment. If your horse is on a dry lot, hide them in buckets and on surfaces so they are not eating dirt.

Your horse probably won’t know to search the first time, and likely doesn’t have many opportunities to use their nose. Make it super easy to start so they know good stuff might be available!

This looks like an excellent webinar for folks involved with foals!
09/28/2024

This looks like an excellent webinar for folks involved with foals!

Understand Horses presents a webinar with vet behaviourist Gabriel Lencioni and equine behaviour consultant and trainer Trudi Dempsey on early life experiences and their long-term impact on horses.

Great article discussing welfare impacts of strip grazing vs. track system methods of weight control for horses.
09/17/2024

Great article discussing welfare impacts of strip grazing vs. track system methods of weight control for horses.

Background Equine obesity is a growing concern. Much of the current management advice centres on dietary restrictions, including the removal or limitation of grazing. Little is known about the impac...

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