BrachyUnion

BrachyUnion Breeders and fans of all brachycephalic breeds together for education and preservation of original breeds.

The RFG (Respiratory Function Grading Scheme) is now available in many countries.  It is an excellent way to ascertain t...
31/05/2023

The RFG (Respiratory Function Grading Scheme) is now available in many countries. It is an excellent way to ascertain the respiratory function of your bulldog, pug or french bulldog.
It is important that people are aware of the RFG and the importance of breeding using the matrix provided.
The wider community including puppy buyers should be aware of all health testing and what this means for a breeding program.

Some  countries have health schemes and are focusing on health testing bulldogs. There are many health tests that can be...
10/03/2022

Some countries have health schemes and are focusing on health testing bulldogs. There are many health tests that can be done .

BULLDOG - Breed standard ✅
15/02/2022

BULLDOG - Breed standard ✅

07/02/2022

I am not sure of the purpose of the post but I will reply by sharing this article from a vet

From the professionals of the sport of brachycephalic breeds.........
As a veterinarian and breeder of two brachycephalic breeds (Boston Terriers and Pugs), I feel obligated to make a statement regarding the recent Dutch kennel club decision to ban the registration of brachycephalic breeds when bred to the original breed standards.
I understand the intent of this notion is to aim to breed healthier dogs, however, the target is misaligned and the ex*****on abhorrent. The implication that all brachycephalic breeds are inherently unhealthy is completely incorrect. These breeds have recently become the target of animal rights activists and many veterinarians.
As a veterinarian, I see healthy and unhealthy dogs every day; these are of varying breeds, and currently, mostly designer or mixed breeds. To target brachycephalic dogs as unhealthy falls short of understanding the big picture.
Doliocephaly is not a recipe for health, just as brachycephaly is not a recipe for illness. Doliocephalic dogs suffer severe health conditions as well, yet AR activists and veterinarians turn away and target brachycephalic dogs. Many dolichocephalic breeds are plagued with cancer at rates far exceeding what should ever be considered acceptable. I have diagnosed 6 month old dogs with neoplasia, euthanized far too many 4-6 year old dogs from metastatic neoplasia to count, and comforted owners who just can’t understand why every dog of X breed that they have just doesn’t live long enough. Yet somehow this is deemed acceptable and targeting of brachycephalic dogs for a structure that, in the majority of cases, does not limit the ability to live a long, happy, full life.
The brachycephalic dogs that I see, in most cases, do not suffer as a result of their anatomy. I see a range of quality in these dogs from backyard bred, puppy mill bred, rescue, to preservation breeder produced dogs. By far, the dogs bred by preservation readers are healthier overall, yet in a very large practice, I have maybe 1-2 patients who have airway disease that limits their function. These patients are older, from poor breeding programs, and have outlived their life expectancy and are starting to struggle. This is no different from an older sporting dog who has life limiting osteoarthritis as a result of years of running, hiking, and doing the job it was created to do. These dogs are also suffering at times, yet AR groups don’t see them as a target.
Understanding the limitations of breeds is important; just as you would not encourage a heavy coated nordic breed to go for marathon length runs in summer heat, recommendations for individual dogs need to be catered to that breed’s original purpose. As a veterinarian, it is my role to help to educate clients on breed specific issues and purposes. This is why we have purpose bred dogs. Most brachycephalic breeds have been bred for companionship, and this is a job they do incredibly well. To alter the breed standards and registration requirements such that you mandate they be bred to resemble sporting dogs is to destroy hundreds, sometimes thousands, of years of preservation breeding.
This is simply meant as an opinion piece based on my years of involvement in breeding and exhibiting of two brachycephalic breeds as well as my role as a veterinarian. I commonly experience backlash from other veterinarians for my choice to breed Pugs and Boston Terriers, yet in most cases, upon meeting my dogs, they come to understand how these breeds are meant to be and see how healthy they truly are.
I plan, over the next few weeks, to compile a review of scholarly articles that support the fact that brachycephalic dogs are not inherently unhealthy. I would also like to conduct a research study of cases seen by veterinarians in general practice to evaluate overall health of these breeds. I welcome any colleague who is interested in joining me in developing this.
I refuse to continue to see false information and biased studies cited as reasons to target an entire group of dogs that fill such an enormously important role in the world. Brachycephaly is not synonymous with illness, just as doliocephaly is not synonymous with health. I refuse to stand idly while breeders are losing their right to preserve the breeds they love.
Maryanne R Mack DVM
Sidestreet Kennel

01/02/2022

𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐃𝐎𝐆𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐀𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐑 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐄𝐒 𝐒𝐏𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐄𝐋𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐑 𝐈𝐍 𝐍𝐎𝐑𝐖𝐀𝐘 : 𝐅𝐂𝐈 𝐎𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

Many of you have already been informed via social media that the Norsk Kennel Klub (NKK) has lost a court case. According to the verdict, the breeding of English Bulldogs and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels is banned in Norway.

It is essential to note that the ban applies to breeding and not the breeds themselves, i.e. owning and showing them remains allowed.

The 60-page verdict is in Norwegian and needs to be first translated and thoroughly investigated, before we are able to express our professional opinion and release an appropriate statement.

The FCI community - which represents no less than 98 countries and thousands of breeders worldwide - truly hopes that the verdict would not provide a privileged position to the unregistered, backyard, uncontrolled puppy farmers, who perform their activity without making use of any of the available scientific methods, aiming at improving the general health of dogs. To the contrary, registered breeders, with the assistance of responsible veterinarians, have been adopting quite an opposite approach for decades, getting very good results in terms of health.

The FCI reiterates its full support to the Norsk Kennel Klub (NKK).

We, national canine organisations, breeders, breed clubs worldwide, all stand behind a common cause.

Let’s act and react together, in order to preserve our beloved breeds, which are - needless to mention - an essential part of the National Cultural Heritage of Great Britain.

After a detailed examination of the situation in Norway, next steps will be taken.

On behalf of the FCI General Committee.

1st February 2022

Dr. T. Jakkel
FCI President

Find out why your dog's claws should be kept short ✅BrachyUnion
30/10/2021

Find out why your dog's claws should be kept short ✅

BrachyUnion

French Bulldog in the opinion of leading AKC breeders and judges 🧐🧐🧐🧐
18/10/2021

French Bulldog in the opinion of leading AKC breeders and judges 🧐🧐🧐🧐

FCI position on "exotic colors" and standard colors in the French Bulldog breed 🧐🧐🧐📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣 “Here is the response...
10/08/2021

FCI position on "exotic colors" and standard colors in the French Bulldog breed 🧐🧐🧐

📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣📣
“Here is the response from a distinguished member of the FCI Standards Commission to your question:
The French Bulldog standard was recently updated and I participated in its implementation, in close collaboration with Elyse Waget, the president of the Breed Club. The problem of coats other than fawn (brindle or not, variegated or not which are those currently recognized) has arisen, in particular in connection with the appearance in many countries of black, brown (liver or chocolate), merle, cream or blue for example. The Club, questioned on these last points, stuck to the history of the breed which has never accepted these colors and which does not wish to go in this direction. It is understood that animals with a strong brindle coat may have an almost black appearance, but this is not the black coat (genetically, the first is As ebr (fawn brindle) and the second is As E + (black). ). The basic coat of the breed is therefore the fawn, that is to say the phaeomelanic pigment. The standard states that fawn can vary from light fawn to dark fawn. A diluted tawny coat (D allele in its dd form) gives a lighter appearance that tends towards cream. However, this term is not officially retained in the FCI nomenclature in force for dogs. The diluted fawn is said to be sable, but the French Bulldog is most clearly "light fawn" and not "sand" (therefore not cream). In order to get around this problem, we find expressions of the "fawn sable" style almost everywhere, which of course does not mean anything in terms of nomenclature. That the shade between a light fawn and a sand is difficult to do, I agree, since it is, in both cases, the same pigment (pheomelanic), but in more or less pronounced dilutions. In any case, the light fawn is allowed, not the sable (therefore not the cream), this term should not therefore be used in a pedigree for this breed. If I summarize, in the case of the French Bulldog, there are two objections in principle to the non-use of this cream term:
- one refers to the official FCI nomenclature (the term cream is not officially retained in dogs - even if everyone understands it and many breeders use it - not in this case why edit nomenclatures if no one follows them),
- the other, and this seems more fundamental to me, is that the standard indicates light fawn and not diluted fawn, therefore not sand (but the color sand is the one implied by the term cream),
Finally, there would be the third opposition, which is that the Breed Club does not wish to go towards these so-called "exotic" colors which, moreover, are, for some, sometimes recognized, but beyond the FCI!
For all other questions, please contact your OCN.”
Cordially
FCI

Important ‼️Long lips and closed nostrils are a big problem that the standard French bulldog faces today 🆘„Judges and Br...
07/08/2021

Important ‼️

Long lips and closed nostrils are a big problem that the standard French bulldog faces today 🆘

„Judges and Breeeders alike need to pay attention here:

Some of the most prevalent serious faults in French Bulldog today are these very incorrect excessive lippy hanging flews, no upsweep and narrow underjaws (see photo attached as illustration).

A Correct French Bulldog Head should have UPSWEEP with WIDTH/DEPTH OF UNDERJAW, LEVEL LIP and an INVERTED ‘U’ LIPLINE.” Breeder and judge Miss Diane Burvee

29/07/2021

Functional flat face 💪👏👏👏👏

Floating Bulldog - Why Not!

Bulldog lifeguard - Yes!

Patricia Sosa judge and breeder did a great job. 🟢French Bulldog - AKC Standard 🟢Thank you so much for sharing this. „I ...
27/07/2021

Patricia Sosa judge and breeder did a great job.

🟢French Bulldog - AKC Standard 🟢
Thank you so much for sharing this.

„I put this together for our frenchie magazine and thought some of you might like to see it. I have gotten so much good feedback . It’s not only for those who judge I think it is also good for those who breed and exhibit. We have a very short time when judging to properly evaluate a breed to its standard so both judges and exhibitors need to make the most of that 2 minutes. This is my personal opinion from my 30 plus years in the breed”

BULLDOG BREED STANDARD 🆘 UNDESIRABLE/FAD COLOURS Lilac ,Blue ,Chocolate ,Black ,Merle ,Tan points/Tri ⛔️Don't be fooled ...
25/07/2021

BULLDOG BREED STANDARD 🆘

UNDESIRABLE/FAD COLOURS Lilac ,Blue ,Chocolate ,Black ,Merle ,Tan points/Tri ⛔️

Don't be fooled by unethical breeders into thinking these colours are rare and more expensive.
These colours are faults in the Bulldog Breed Standard and should NEVER be bred for Responsible breeders .

Be a responsbile owner - choose wisely Brindle, White ,Fawn, Red, Pied 🟢

22/07/2021

Hot summer and floating Frenchies 😁🌞🏊‍♀️🏊‍♀️🏊‍♀️ Why not 🤩🤩🤩

French Bulldog Standard . Don't support pseudo-breeders .
19/07/2021

French Bulldog Standard . Don't support pseudo-breeders .

Let's talk about topline 🧐
15/07/2021

Let's talk about topline 🧐

Each dog breed is unique. Each has a different destiny.
13/07/2021

Each dog breed is unique. Each has a different destiny.

Standard Bulldog = Healthy Bulldog 🟢
21/06/2021

Standard Bulldog = Healthy Bulldog 🟢

Wasabi the Pekingese for Best in Show at Westminster 2021 👌🎉🎉🎉🎉👏👏Photo by Tanner Congleton
14/06/2021

Wasabi the Pekingese for Best in Show at Westminster 2021 👌🎉🎉🎉🎉👏👏
Photo by Tanner Congleton

Judging the pug 🧐
06/06/2021

Judging the pug 🧐

Brachycephalic breeds and high temperatures.  Be responsible and careful 🆘„We hope that everyone has had an opportunity ...
02/06/2021

Brachycephalic breeds and high temperatures. Be responsible and careful 🆘

„We hope that everyone has had an opportunity to enjoy the lovely weather over the last few weeks. Some brachycephalic dogs may have found the warm weather particularly challenging, however.

Unlike us, dogs do not have sweat glands to help them stay cool. Instead, they control their body temperature via mainly panting – rapid, shallow breathing which increases the evaporation of water from the airways and nose cavity. More effort goes into panting than normal breathing, and this in itself generates further heat.

Although overheating can be a potential problem for all dogs, regardless of their breed and conformation, brachycephalic dogs are particularly susceptible to heat stress. This is because dogs with upper airway obstruction have compromised movement of air into and out of the lungs and even more effort is required to open the airway. As a consequence, the additional heat load cannot be dissipated effectively.

In hot weather, a vicious circle of increased body temperature in spite of panting often results in brachycephalic dogs. Some brachycephalic dogs suffer from heat intolerance even without obvious BOAS signs.

Therefore, for ALL brachycephalic dogs, we recommend the following:

- Only walk your dog early in the morning or after dusk and keep walks short.
- Do not let your dog lie in hot parts of the house when they are confined.
- Provide sufficient water to keep them well hydrated.
- Use cooling jackets/mats or a paddling pool to keep your dog
cool.

For brachycephalic dogs who are diagnosed with BOAS, airway surgery may be advised prior to the summer season. „


22/05/2021

Excellent work of Finnish breeders with a French Bulldog 👏 👏👏👏

MENTAL TEST
The purpose of the mental test is to assess and register the dog's behavior in situations where its nervous system is exposed to stress. The test result can be used to describe the dog's mental characteristics and assess how it is training. The test result also gives the special clubs and breeders signs of the dog's breeding ability.

Very interesting 🧐 „FOR THE PUG....interpretation of my understanding.(Judges Breed Observations) 'JUDGES REPORT CARD' s...
16/05/2021

Very interesting 🧐

„FOR THE PUG....interpretation of my understanding.

(Judges Breed Observations)
'JUDGES REPORT CARD' starting at shows in New Zealand
July 2021.
International Judges coming to NZ to judge are expected
to be familiar with our breed observations scheme and FCI.
I think this gives us great hope for the future welfare
of our Pugs and pedigree dogs. 👍
This is not about noting or singling out your dog.. or you !
Judges notes are made as an observation of the overall
breed they have judged on the day.
Some don't want to read all the paperwork but like illustration pictures ....whatever way works and why I am posting again lol

No need to stress...Judges know no dog is perfect and we have 3 years to breed healthier features in dogs before the next level of the JBO.....this is a great opportunity. :)” Lea Clarke

One of the first French Bulldog standards 🧐FRENCH BULLDOG STANDARD General appearance.  Able-bodied, lively, intelligent...
07/05/2021

One of the first French Bulldog standards 🧐

FRENCH BULLDOG STANDARD General appearance. Able-bodied, lively, intelligent, alert, well muscled, well-hung, stocky, of medium or small height, short and smooth hair. Proportions and symmetry. The dog should be distributed in due proportion and none should be so prominent that the animal appears misshapen or out of proportion. Influence of s*x. Different s*x, it must be taken into account in favor of the bi***es. By comparing the individuals of that animals of this s*x do not present the characteristics of the breed to the same degree as males.

Weight. The class of light animals includes those weighing less than 10 kilograms, or 22 pounds. Heavy class weights includes animals weighing 10 to 13 kilograms at most or 22 to 28 pounds. In large competitions where there are three weight classes the maximum weights are 9, 11 and 13 kilos respectively.
Head. The head should be strong, square, broad, the skull - almost flat between the ears with a rounded forehead, the lower jaw strong, deep, square, protruding from the upper jaw and well touched. The muzzle should be well pulled back and the cheek muscles well developed. The break or "stop" must be well marked, so as to form a hollow between the two eyes going up to eye level. The nose should be extremely short, with the nostrils wide, well open, black in color. The line between the nostrils should be well marked. The double nose is not admissible. The lips should be thick and the lower lip should touch the upper lip in the middle, so as to completely hide all the teeth, which should not be visible under any circumstances. The tongue should also be concealed and the upper lips should cover the lower lips on each side, but do not descend below the jaw line. Should be dark in color, rather large, neither too sunken nor too protruding. The white of the eye should not be seen when the animal is looking straight ahead.

The eyes want should be placed low, a little away from the but above all they should be a good distance from the ears. Different eyes constitute a disqualification. The muzzle, the nose, the lips must be black. The neck should be strong, well arched, and the skin of the throat loose, but without baleen. Ears. The ears must be erect, in the form called "bat ears" , broad at birth, elongated in shape, the top well rounded, placed high on the head. They should be carried vertically and parallel, and a sufficiently large skull should prevent them from being too close together. They should stand straight with the pavilion opening in front. The skin of the ear should be thin and soft to the touch. Shell ears, or "rose ears", are inadmissible: this type is the hallmark of the Toy Bulldog. The ears should not be cut off under any circumstances. Body. wide full and deep chest, well rounded ribs and tucked up belly. - The body should be short and well rounded, the - The back should be what is called "roach back" falling slightly behind the shoulders to rise above the loins. It should be short and stocky, broad at the shoulders and tapering towards the loins, pear-shaped. Legs. The front legs should be short, sturdy, stocky, straight, well muscled and well separated. The hind legs should be strong and muscular, a little longer than the front ones, so that the loins are higher than the shoulders. The hocks should be low.

Feet. - The feet should be small, compact, well planted and well placed, continuing the line of the jamle. The toes should be compact, the joints high, the nails short and thick. The hind feet should be slightly longer than the front ones. Tail. Been cut. It can be straight, broken or crooked, but never raised on the kidneys. It should be planted loa thick at the origin and tapering rapidly towards the end. It should be short and carried low when at rest and should not have fringe hairs. The best tail is the one that cannot stand up. The tail must be short and have no jam. Skin color and coat. The admissible colors are: All brindles (preferably dark) and all colors, except the following namely pure black, black and white, black and tan, liver or chocolate, mouse gray. It is recommended to have separate classes for quail dogs, that is to say white and brindle. By "black" within the meaning of this Standard is meant pure black without trace of brindle. The skin should be soft and loose at the shoulders and the til where it should form symmetrical wrinkles. The coat is moderately fine in texture, shiny, smooth. Disqualifications. The bat form (straight ears), all mutilatis and the colors pure black, white and black, black and tan, mouse gray chocolate, the eyes of a different color, the nose other than black, the hare lip, the twisted jaw shows any other malformation, the dewclaws, the double nose.

History 1898 - French Bull Dog Klub od America  Specialty Show 🧐Look at their heads. The mouths are not extremely short,...
05/05/2021

History 1898 - French Bull Dog Klub od America Specialty Show 🧐

Look at their heads. The mouths are not extremely short, no loose skin and no wrinkles. Are today's French Bulldogs a hypertype?

Good refresher for any breed 🧐So many "breeders" have no clue about structure and pedigrees today they just breed top do...
04/05/2021

Good refresher for any breed 🧐

So many "breeders" have no clue about structure and pedigrees today they just breed top dog to top dog (or who's the flavor of the month) and we all wonder why pets are showing up at shows and winning....please for the love of any breed you own.... learn structure, pedigrees AND YOUR BREED STANDARD!!!!! NEVER STOP LEARNING!!!!

This is a great example to learn about shoulders and layback.

Education is key people, however with so many *instant* breeders and *instant handlers* they don't seem to care and that is killing so many breeds, kennel blindness is a death to many breeds....

The ethical breeder always adheres to the breed standard and avoids the hypertype 🧐
28/04/2021

The ethical breeder always adheres to the breed standard and avoids the hypertype 🧐

Do you want to buy a bulldog❓Choose ethical, standard breeders✅
26/04/2021

Do you want to buy a bulldog❓

Choose ethical, standard breeders✅

Not all purebred French Bulldogs are genetically affected by CDDY / IVDD ✅You can do a genetic test.Chondrodystrophy (CD...
22/04/2021

Not all purebred French Bulldogs are genetically affected by CDDY / IVDD ✅

You can do a genetic test.

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY and IVDD Risk) and Chondrodysplasia (CDPA)

Chondrodysdrophy (CDDY) is a trait that defines many dog breeds and is characterized by reduction of long bone length (shorter legs) as a consequence of early changes in the structure of growth plates. CDDY can also impact health of animals through an abnormal process that causes premature degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Two retrogene insertions of functional fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) explain short-legged phenotypes of dogs. FGF4 gene is involved in many biological processes including bone development.

The first insertion discovered (Parker et al 2009) is an FGF4-retrogene insertion in dog chromosome 18 (FGF4-18). This FGF4-18 insertion explains a short-legged phenotype known as chondrodysplasia (CDPA) in breeds such as Basset Hound, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Dachshunds, West Highland White Terriers and Scottish Terriers. CDPA inheritance is considered to follow an autosomal dominant mode.

The Chondrodysdrophy (CDDY) mutation was recently discovered by researchers in the Bannasch Laboratory at the University of California, Davis (Brown et al. 2017) as a second FGF4-retrogene insertion in dog chromosome 12. CDDY includes a short-legged phenotype and abnormal premature degeneration of intervertebral discs leading to susceptibility to Hansen’s type I intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). The intervertebral disc, which sits between vertebrae, is composed of an outer fibrous basket (annulus fibrosus) made of 70% collagen and an inner gel-like layer called the nucleus pulposus. These structures allow for flexibility of the vertebral column. In Chondrodystrophic breeds, premature calcification of the nucleus pulposus at early age (from birth to 1 year of age) results in degeneration of all discs in young dogs. These abnormal discs are predisposed to herniation into the spinal canal where the inflammation, and hemorrhage can cause severe pain and neurological dysfunction (myelopathy) termed Intervertebral Disc Disease or IVDD. IVDD has high mortality rate and high cost of surgical and medical veterinary care.

CDDY is inherited as a semi-dominant trait for height, meaning that dogs with 2 copies of the mutation are smaller than dogs with only 1 copy. With respect to IVDD, the inheritance follows a dominant mode, meaning that 1 copy of the FGF4-12 mutation is sufficient to predispose dogs to IVDD. Dogs that have both FGF4-12 and FGF4-18 show a more drastic reduction of leg length. One area of current investigation is how CDDY and CDPA might work in concert to increase the risk of IVDD.

The Veterinary Genetics Laboratory offers a combined test for CDDY and CDPA for breeds that have long and short leg phenotypes. CDDY and CDPA occur in many breeds. Testing for these mutations can help breeders determine if CDDY is present among breeding stock and to identify dogs at risk for IVDD. In breeds where both mutations are present, breeders can benefit from test results to implement breeding strategies to reduce incidence of CDDY, while retaining the short-legged phenotype conferred by CDPA.

CDDY variant has been found in breeds such as: Basset Hound, Beagle, Bichon Frise, Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Chihuahua, Chinese Crested, American Cocker Spaniel, Coton de Tulear, Dachshund, Dandie Dinmont Terrier, English Springer Spaniel, French Bulldog, Havanese, Jack Russell Terrier, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever, Pekingese, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Poodle (Miniature and Toy), Portuguese Water Dog, Scottish Terrier, Shih Tzu. This is not a complete list of breeds. Research on the distribution of this mutation across breeds is ongoing

Results reported as:

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY and IVDD Risk)

N/N No copies of CDDY mutation.
N/CDDY 1 copy of CDDY mutation. Dog is at risk for IVDD. Mutation causes leg shortening compared to N/N dogs. When bred to an N/N dog will produce 50% of normal sized puppies and 50% of puppies at risk for IVDD.
CDDY/CDDY 2 copies of CDDY. Dog is at risk for IVDD. Mutation causes leg shortening compared to N/N dogs. Will produce 100% of puppies with shorter legs at risk for IVDD.
Unfortunately, almost all French Bulldogs worldwide have CDDY / CDDY (Risk) and only a handful of carriers can be found or free. And then the carriers and free dogs also have to meet all other health requirements. (genetic and healthy appearance) So it will certainly take so many years to propagate this. And there are few breeders who have their dogs tested for hereditary defects. It’s also absolutely not the case that every dog will get IVVD, but there is a chance that the dog will get it,
Fortunately, our dogs have never had these issues that come out of this, but you should let the puppy buyers know about IVDD. We have started testing and are going to work on breeding it out, but we need to see if we are getting good healthy material first. There is still a long way to go.

Chondrodysplasia

N/N No copies of CDPA mutation.
N/CDPA 1 copy of CDPA. Mutation causes leg shortening compared to N/N dogs.
CDPA/CDPA 2 copies of CDPA. Mutation causes leg shortening compared to N/N dogs.

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