18/12/2023
Not written by me but I literally just had this conversation with a gal who was a firm 'can't ride the papers!' believer - not wrong but to me, not completely right either - I pay a lot of attention to pedigrees, especially with certain lines that may or may not show the kind of tractablity and temperament that seems to take to training more so than other lines ๐คท๐ผโโ๏ธ
(Didn't copy who wrote this so, apologies)
A harmless comment I see frequently on topics about a horse's pedigree. Almost as common as "Secretariat!" "Northern Dancer!" or "Mine has Mr Prospector, too!" And like all of those comments, it is well-intended but usually not meaningful.
A "well-bred" horse implies its pedigree is above average; it came from quality stock, it has a lot going for it on paper. "Well-bred" at the Keeneland sales is the difference between 1M and 1K. And there is a VAST difference in family, with a sizeable gray area in between.
A horse can be well-bred to do different things-- well-bred as a racehorse, well-bred as a sport horse, well-bred as an individual to stand in the yard and eat grass. When I see a gelding by Jump Start out of an unraced Not For Love mare, I call that a really well-bred TB for eventing. But your average TB breeder is not going to call that a "Well-bred" horse for racing. "But Jump Start was by AP Indy! Not For Love was by Mr. Prospector!" ...Yeah, so? These things might impress an uneducated OTTB owner, but a TB breeder will roll their eyes at you.
What does "well-bred" really mean? Let's forget the sire for a moment, because realistically almost all TB stallions have proven themselves on the track to earn a chance at stud; and those sires will typically go on to have hundreds (if not thousands) of offspring. What separates the quality of breeding is THE FEMALE FAMILY. A well-bred horse ALWAYS comes from a strong damline; by that, I mean black type under the first and second dams, and usually enough print to fill the catalog page. This horse comes from a multiple stakes winner or producer, and the sires used down the female family will be ones you know.
Why do big name sires matter? Big name sires will get my attention when they are DIRECTLY on the page... meaning the mare herself was bred to Giant's Causeway, not a son of Giant's Causeway. What's the difference? Well, GC stood for $300k in his heyday; his son Brody's Cause stands for $3500. Quality mares went to Giant's Causeway; cheap (unsuccessful, weak-familied) mares go to Brody's Cause. A horse by Brody's Cause isn't well bred, because it likely has no female family to back it up. Contrast that to Not This Time-- another son of GC, who stands for $150k in 2024-- chances are if you get a gelding by Not This Time from his recent crops, you'll have a horse with some female family power behind it. But timing matters-- what was the price of the stud fee the year your horse was conceived? THAT likely determines how "well-bred" your horse is... Bernardini was $100k in his early years, and covered excellent mares; at the end of his career he fell to $35k, and his book was much weaker, as the best mares went to the higher priced stallions.
How do you go about determining the quality of a horse's breeding? Step 1: how much did the sire stand for when the horse was conceived; anything under $40k is less likely to be a well-bred horse. Step 2: How nice is the dam? How much did she earn? Has she produced high level race winners? What did her offspring sell for? Does she have any siblings* who were stakes winners? Step 3: continue down the damline, looking at second and third dam's records. It's easy to do this through commercial (not free) mare produce reports on Equineline; but you can look up much of this information for free on pedigreequery with a few extra clicks...and understanding pedigreequery isn't always 100% accurate, but it will show you the big names with reliability. You can also do this the "long way" through Equibase, by searching an unnamed horse via dam and birth year.
Why does "well-bred" matter? For sport, you could argue that it doesn't matter. I mean, just because your horse's parents made millions racing in a circle, that has nothing to do with your individual gelding's jumping ability or dressage movement. And this is true. But personally, I believe that the very BEST racehorses are typically "true athletes" and could have been just as successful as 5* eventers (for example) if they went that direction instead of racing. Michael Jordan was the greatest NBA player of all time; but had he chosen baseball as a first career, he would have been successful at that, too. Great athletes are gifted in many ways; racing glorifies speed, but speed does not live in a vaccuum: it requires coordination, stamina, fitness, elite physical abilities, and the metal capacity to be trainable. Many of these same qualities will translate to a successful sport horse. Well-bred horses also tend to possess that certain "je-ne-sais-quoi" we call Class...something hard to define, but you know it when you see it.
Just because your horse isn't "well-bred" by racing standards doesn't mean he isn't special. Lots of average-bred horses go on to do amazing things. If I'm evaluating an unknown prospect, though, it's always a plus to me if I can find a little extra class in there.