18/08/2024
Nothing goes to waste in the natural world. When you're a large dead and protein rich, you're also an easy meal. Juvenile fischeri eating dead adult.
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09/08/2024
Spirobolellus immigrans was an unidentified species originally from Australia, hitchhiked to the US on a plant shipment. The stock bred in captivity came from hitchhikers that were collected in Maui. This earned the pede its title Spirobolellus sp Maui and Maui Skunk Stripe millipede.
08/08/2024
I get a lot of messages asking about Atopochetus dollfusi care. I want to make it clear that the species being sold in the US is NOT Atopochetus dollfusi. It is an unidentified species from Vietnam. A. dollfusi get larger and have a more vivid red dorsal marking, and longer telson spike.
03/08/2024
Just got these in. How do you like them?
30/07/2024
Gigas crew enjoying some banana this evening.
28/07/2024
Proud to say my F1 Thyropygus sp. are doing great, have sexually matured, and I have found some very small F2 babies in the substrate. If I am correct in my thinking, then this time more offspring should reach maturity. If any of my followers have credible sources to confirm if anyone else has bred any Thyropygus please DM me the link.
28/07/2024
What sets our substrate apart from most, properly aged compost. This mix of hardwood leaves and mulch have been naturally decaying for almost a year now. Unfortunately because of the length of time this takes, it is difficult to maintain a large stock.
24/07/2024
Some of the giggity gigas
24/07/2024
A US native, the cottonwood stag beetle (Lucanus mazama) is found in the western and southern US. Like other stag beetles, males have broader heads and larger mandibles.
24/07/2024
Got in some new isopods. Cubaris sp White Ducky
21/07/2024
These 2 have been going non stop like teenagers at prom
21/07/2024
I know it does seem like I joke when I say I use expensive isopods as CuC, but they really are great at eating mold and fungus that even springtails don't seem to touch.
21/07/2024
These California natives are still doing well but no signs of eggs or babies on the surface.
21/07/2024
It's so mesmerizing watching their legs move. Dendrostreptus macracanthus, Glossy Black Pink Leg Millipede (long but at least accurate common name)
20/07/2024
Gold and Chocolate phase Orthoporus ornatus. Both color variants occur in nature.
20/07/2024
Beautiful male Sechelleptus lambertoni
20/07/2024
All animals make me happy, but inverts hold a special place
20/07/2024
Sechelleptus lambertoni better hurry up and start making babies.
18/07/2024
Hard to believe these are the same species. Orthoporus ornatus "chocolate" and "gold" phases
16/07/2024
I know I've been slacking on care guides. Look through the species on the website and comment which one you'd like a care guide for next!
15/07/2024
A little while back I posted about receiving this species but I didn't want to give away what it was just yet. Well today I still don't want to tell you what it is. I am willing to say that despite the light colored head, this is not a baby S. servatius.
15/07/2024
So many millipede species have different combinations of red and yellow.
15/07/2024
This study reveals how different goldfish are from their wild counterparts, with an exceptional morphological diversity among breeds. Divergence and innovations are found in their overall external morphology, skull, hearing structures, and brain, sometimes accompanied by physiological impairments. As with pigeons and dogs, artificial selection for ornamental purposes in goldfish has favoured the acquisition of unique morphologies nonviable in natural environments. However, how goldfish diverge from their wild counterparts is unique, highlighting also a lack of universality in the domestication process.
Open-access - https://academic.oup.com/evlett/advance-article/doi/10.1093/evlett/qrae032/7712283
"Using 21st century tools on a dataset comprising the 16 main goldfish breeds, 23 wild close relatives, and 39 cypriniform species, we show that Charles Darwin’s expressed wonder at the goldfish is justified."
"In goldfish as well, the intensity of breeding selection for ornamental purposes led to major morphological innovation. Some traits have never been recorded in wild specimens, such as the caudal bifurcation of the axial skeleton in twin-tail breeds. Goldfish do not include as many breeds as other domestic animals, but there is considerable morphological diversity in them. In contrast, there are hundreds of recognized breeds of dogs and pigeons. Concerning the time and mode of origin of such diversity, historical sources document how already the Song (960–1279) and Ming (1368–1598) Chinese dynasties record the major kinds of goldfish, including most of the breeds present in our sample from the 15th and 16th centuries."
𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲
Goldfish phenomics reveals commonalities and a lack of universality in the domestication process for ornamentation
𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
Kévin Le Verger, Laurelle C Küng, Anne-Claire Fabre, Thomas Schmelzle, Alexandra Wegmann, Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra, Goldfish phenomics reveals commonalities and a lack of universality in the domestication process for ornamentation, c, 2024;, qrae032, https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrae032
𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁
Domestication process effects are manifold, affecting genotype and phenotype, and assumed to be universal in animals by part of the scientific community. While mammals and birds have been thoroughly investigated, from taming to intensive selective breeding, fish domestication remains comparatively unstudied. The most widely bred and traded ornamental fish species worldwide, the goldfish, underwent the effect of long-term artificial selection on differing skeletal and soft tissue modules through ornamental domestication. Here, we provide a global morphological analysis in this emblematic ornamental domesticated fish.
We demonstrate that goldfish exhibit unique morphological innovations in whole-body, cranial, and sensory (Weberian ossicles and brain) anatomy compared to their evolutionary clade, highlighting a remarkable morphological disparity within a single species comparable to that of a macroevolutionary radiation. In goldfish, as in the case of dogs and pigeons in their respective evolutionary contexts, the most ornamented varieties are extremes in the occupied morphological space, emphasizing the power of artificial selection for nonadaptive traits. Using 21st century tools on a dataset comprising the 16 main goldfish breeds, 23 wild close relatives, and 39 cypriniform species, we show that Charles Darwin’s expressed wonder at the goldfish is justified.
There is a commonality of overall pattern in the morphological differentiation of domesticated forms selected for ornamental purposes, but the singularity of goldfish occupation and extension within (phylo)morphospaces, speaks against a universality in the domestication process.
𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁
Fully dichotomous phylogeny used in PCoA. We crafted the phylogeny based on the genera in our sample present in the robust molecular phylogeny of Stout et al. (2016), conserving branch lengths. We added goldfish and some Cyprininae to the tree based on the phylogenies of Tang et al. (2011) and Podlesnykh et al. (2015), duplicating the branch lengths of Gymnocypris from the phylogeny of Tang et al. (2011). We forced the dichotomy of incorporated taxa by following the phylogeny of Chen et al. (2020) and the diagrammatic genealogy of Smartt (2008). The production of this tree in addition to the tree shown in Supplementary Figure S2 is justified by the need to incorporate a fully resolved tree for PCoA. As a control test, we provide additional analyses without the incorporation of phylogeny (Supplementary Figure S3). Fish illustrations are not scaled, and references are available in Supplementary Table S7.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEN). Published in Evolution Letters. This paper is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
15/07/2024
This lone white shark (what this type is known as) appeared in one of my millipede tubs one day. I'm assuming it was sent over accidentally along with some millipedes. It'll keep living with my Centrobolus splendidus until I either get more or it dies.
14/07/2024
I heard it's duck season
14/07/2024
Just relaxing under the lichen.
14/07/2024
The antenna kinda look like red hot filament to me.
14/07/2024
I wish the US population of Anadenobolus monilicornis got as large as the ones found in their native Carribean range.
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Nothing goes to waste in the natural world. When you're a large dead and protein rich, you're also an easy meal. Juvenile fischeri eating dead adult. #spiropoeusfischeri #spiropoeus #spirostreptidae #mpa #mardoniusparilisacuticonus #mardoniusparilis #africangiantmillipede #africanmillipede #giantmillipede #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #macrophotography #boogie_down_bugs #entomology #arthropod_perfection #arthropods #myriapoda #diplopoda #isopod #cannibal #trending #archispirostreptusgigas #matteblackmillipede #africantrainmillipede
Spirobolellus immigrans was an unidentified species originally from Australia, hitchhiked to the US on a plant shipment. The stock bred in captivity came from hitchhikers that were collected in Maui. This earned the pede its title Spirobolellus sp Maui and Maui Skunk Stripe millipede.
Just got these in. How do you like them?
Gigas crew enjoying some banana this evening. #Archispirostreptusgigas #giantafricanmillipede #africanmillipede #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #isopods #isopodsofinstagram #cubaris #boogiedownbugs #trending #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #entomology #wildlifephotography #trending #animals #animalsofinstagram #animalsoftiktok #trending #fruit #banana
Some of the giggity gigas #Archispirostreptusgigas #giantafricanmillipede #africanmillipede #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #orthoporus #boogiedownbugs #trending #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #entomology #wildlifephotography #trending #animals #animalsofinstagram #animalsoftiktok #trending
These California natives are still doing well but no signs of eggs or babies on the surface. #hiltoniushebes #hiltonius #archiopstreptusgigas #giantmillipede #Anadenobolus #anadenobolusmonillicornis #bumblebeemillipede #giantmillipede #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #invertebratephotography #arthropod_perfection #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #boogiedownbugs #trending #legsfordays #stripes #entomology #trending #velvetworm #animals
It's so mesmerizing watching their legs move. Dendrostreptus macracanthus, Glossy Black Pink Leg Millipede (long but at least accurate common name) #dendrostreptusmacracanthus #archiopstreptusgigas #giantmillipede #Anadenobolus #anadenobolusmonillicornis #bumblebeemillipede #giantmillipede #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #invertebratephotography #arthropod_perfection #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #boogiedownbugs #trending #legsfordays #stripes #entomology
Although these 2 look similar, they're actually different species. Chocolate phase Orthoporus ornatus on top, Orthoporus texicolens on the bottom. #orthoporusornatus #orthoporus #Orthoporusflavior #Orthoporustexicolens #texasgiantmillipede #desertmillipede #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #orthoporus #boogiedownbugs #trending #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #entomology #wildlifephotography #trending #animals #animalsofinstagram #animalsoftiktok
All animals make me happy, but inverts hold a special place #Spiropoeusfischeri #africanmatteblackmillipede #archiopstreptusgigas #giantmillipede #guessinggame#Anadenobolus #anadenobolusmonillicornis #bumblebeemillipede #giantmillipede #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #invertebratephotography #arthropod_perfection #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #boogiedownbugs #trending
Sechelleptus lambertoni better hurry up and start making babies. #sechelleptuslambertoni #archiopstreptusgigas #giantmillipede #guessinggame#Anadenobolus #anadenobolusmonillicornis #bumblebeemillipede #giantmillipede #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #invertebratephotography #arthropod_perfection #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #boogiedownbugs #trending
Little baby taking a stroll #velvetwormsofinstagram #Onychophora #captivebred #entomology #boogie_down_bugs #invertebrates #invertebratesofinstagram #arthropod #arthropod_perfection #invertebratesoftikitok #canonphotography #arthropodsoftiktok #arthropodsofinstagram #velvetwormscommunity #velvetworm #velvetworms #epiperipatusbarbadensis #trending #wildlifephotography #entomology #panarthopoda #trending
Hard to believe these are the same species. Orthoporus ornatus "chocolate" and "gold" phases #orthoporusornatus #orthoporus #Orthoporusflavior #Orthoporustexicolens #texasgiantmillipede #desertmillipede #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #orthoporus #boogiedownbugs #trending #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #entomology #wildlifephotography
Just when you thought it was safe to open social media again...Phyllobates vittatus eating: Cubaris sp Rubber Ducky, Merulanella sp Ember Bee, Merulanella sp Red Diablo, and Troglodillo sp Green Spot #merulanellaspemberbee #merulanellaspreddiablo #cubarisrubberducky #troglodillogreenspot #troglodillo #cubaris #isopodsofinstagram #isopod #cubaris #porcellio #entomology #canonphotography #invertebratephotography #invertebratesofinstagram #captivebred #boogiedownbugs #asianisopod #detritivore #trending #phyllobates #poisondartfrog #dartfrog #amphibian #herpetology #exoticpets #youmadbro #frogsoftiktok #frogsofinstagram
Not to be confused with the previous post, these Olive Banded Millipedes are Telodeinopus aoutii. You try getting them to sit still. #telodeinopusaoutii #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #arthropod_feature #arboreal #bugsoftiktok #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #trending #wildlifephotography #canonphotography #Spirostreptus
This beautiful green species is Spirostreptus gregorius aka African Olive Millipede. They max out at a little over 4.5" #spirostreptusgregorius #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #arthropod_feature #arboreal #bugsoftiktok #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #trending #Spirostreptus #canonphotography #wildlifephotography
Most people only think of Orthoporus ornatus when you say desert millipede. Did you know there are other US native Orthoporus species too such as flavior and texicolens? All species exhibit varying colors and some do have overlapping territories. Orthoporus ornatus, flavior, texicolens in order of appearance. #orthoporusornatus #orthoporus #Orthoporusflavior #Orthoporustexicolens #texasgiantmillipede #desertmillipede #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #millipedesoftiktok #invertebratesoftiktok #orthoporus #boogiedownbugs #trending #invertebratesofinstagram
True USCB Archispirostreptus gigas produce right here. These are nearly 2 years old and have lots of growing to do. #africangiantmillipede #Archispirostreptusgigas #spirostreptus #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #millipedesoftiktok #giantmillipede #flamelegmillipede #captivebred #asianmillipede
Some people swear all tadpoles from every species need to be kept individually. That is just not true. Some are cannibalistic, but lots can be kept together. I currently have almost 40 tadpoles together. With daily water changes and feeding every other day they are all doing well together. *HIDES REMOVED FOR VIDEO* #phyllobatesvittatus #poisondartfrog #frogsoftiktok #amphibiansoftiktok #dartfrog #herpetology #terrarium #vivarium #captivebred #captivebreeding #dartfrogsofinstagram #amphibiansofinstagram #frogsofinstagram #amphibians #amphibian #frogs #tadpoles #trending
Pulled 10 tadpoles yesterday. What's another group? Phyllobates vittatus #phyllobatesvittatus #poisondartfrog #frogsoftiktok #amphibiansoftiktok #dartfrog #herpetology #terrarium #vivarium #captivebred #captivebreeding #dartfrogsofinstagram #amphibiansofinstagram #frogsofinstagram #amphibians #amphibian #frogs #tadpoles #trending
Amazing to see how small they start life and how large they actually get. Spirostreptus servatius #africangiantmillipede #Archispirostreptusgigas #spirostreptusservatius #spirostreptus #spirostreptidae #millipedesofinstagram #millipede #myriapod #detritivore #photography #diplopoda #arthropods #invertebrate #invertebratesofinstagram #canonphotography #wildlifephotography #invertebratephotography #arthropod_perfection #bugsmakingbugs #bugs #legsfordays #bugsofinstagram #africantrainmillipede #trending
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