15/10/2023
Old Tom.
You’ve probably heard of him. He’s undoubtedly Australia’s most famous killer whale, and he is often placed amongst the ranks of other legendary killer whales like Keiko, J2 Granny, and L98 Luna.
Old Tom is famous for his astounding cooperation with human whalers in the early 1900s. His population, known as the “Killers of Eden,” first formed a mutualistic relationship with the Indigenous Thaua people of southeastern Australia a millennium before European colonization. “The Law of the Tongue” originated with the Thaua people, who gave the killer whales the tongues of the large baleen whales they cooperatively hunted together. Later, the whales formed a similar relationship with European settlers who conducted whaling operations in Twofold Bay. The killer whales herded baleen whales into Twofold Bay, where the whalers worked with the killer whales to dispatch the baleen whales. The killer whales feasted on the tongue before the whalers took the whale for processing.
Eventually, the Killers of Eden began disappearing, possibly due decline in baleen whale availability, a breach of The Law of the Tongue, or maybe the movement of the Thaua people out of the area. Old Tom died in 1930. His skeleton was collected and put on display at the Eden Killer Whale Museum–this provided a team of researchers, led by PhD candidate Isabella Reeves, an opportunity to study his ancestry. The results are now out in a new paper in the Journal of Heredity.
Using samples of his teeth, his DNA was extracted, analyzed, and compared to killer whales around the world. Surprisingly, he shares ancestry with killer whales all over, including those found in the North Pacific, North Atlantic, and South Pacific. His genome is most similar to the killer whales found in New Zealand.
However, some parts of Old Tom’s DNA are not found in modern killer whale populations. The killer whales in Australia today are not closely related to him. Sadly, this means that the Killers of Eden likely went extinct when Old Tom died in 1930, taking with him a unique culture and heritage that had existed since time immemorial.
See the study and check out the graphical abstract I created for this paper here! ⬇️
https://academic.oup.com/jhered/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jhered/esad058/7308443?searchresult=1