Help4vet.com

28/08/2024

🐾 **Medical Case: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, 3 years old** 🐾

We present the case of a 3-year-old female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel who was referred from another clinic for a chest and trachea X-ray. The patient exhibits symptoms of reverse sneezing and occasional apneas.

X-rays of the chest were taken in right lateral, left lateral, and dorsoventral projections. In the lateral projections, the heart silhouette dimensions are within the normal range (VHS 11; breed norm 10.1-11.1). The aorta and caudal vena cava have similar widths and typical positioning, and the pulmonary vessels are of typical width and position. The trachea shows signs of a grade II/III collapse before the thoracic inlet but is physiologically positioned. The larynx does not show any radiologically detectable changes, and the bronchial pattern is accentuated. The lung fields are hypoinflated. In the sagittal projection, the heart silhouette is enlarged and irregularly shaped but physiologically positioned. The mediastinum is widened, and the lung fields are aerated. The pulmonary vessel pattern is typical for the species. The diaphragm pillars have a typical shape and position with intact continuity. The sternum, ribs, and thoracic spine show no radiologically detectable changes. The surrounding soft tissues remain unchanged.

Based on the submitted radiographs, radiological features indicating tracheal collapse and chronic bronchitis were noted. Appropriate treatment should be initiated. Due to the visible heart enlargement and mediastinal widening in the sagittal projection, a cardiology consultation is recommended. The decreased aeration of the lung fields is due to the respiratory phase during which the radiograph was taken.

📚 **Comment:** 📚
Tracheal collapse syndrome (TCS) involves the narrowing of the tracheal lumen, leading to restricted airflow to the lungs. TCS is most commonly seen in small and toy breeds. The causes of TCS may include congenital tracheal abnormalities, such as cartilage formation disorders, tracheal degeneration, as well as injuries related to improper intubation or chronic respiratory diseases. Symptoms of TCS include varying degrees of dyspnea, snoring, wheezing, cough associated with excitement or intense physical activity, recurrent respiratory infections, and exercise intolerance. The degree of tracheal collapse (I-IV) on X-rays is assessed by comparing the tracheal lumen's dimensions at the site of collapse to the lumen at a non-collapsed site and to the width of the thoracic inlet. However, it is important to note that due to the different respiratory phases during X-ray examination, tracheal collapse is visible in only 60% of cases, making endoscopy the key diagnostic tool.

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21/08/2024

🐾 **Medical Case: Tosia - Golden Retriever, 1 year old** 🐾

Meet Tosia, a 1-year-old Golden Retriever, who was diagnosed with left hip dysplasia a year ago after a screening test.

🌟 **Current Status:** 🌟
Tosia can move around but shows signs of pain in her left hip joint.

🩺 **X-ray Description:** 🩺
The ventrodorsal projection revealed that the left femoral head has an irregular surface with visible osteophytes on the caudal edge, while the right femoral head shows no radiological changes. The left femoral head is well seated in the acetabulum, whereas the right femoral head is loosely positioned. The joint surfaces of the femoral heads align with the acetabular surfaces. The left acetabulum is shallow with an irregular edge and visible osteophytes on the cranial edge, while the right acetabulum is spherical and shows no degenerative changes. The right joint space is slightly widened. The left femoral neck is thickened and covered with a collar of osteophytes, while the right femoral neck remains unthickened. Morgan’s line is marked on the left side. The sacroiliac joints and the visible section of the spine show no radiological abnormalities. The visible bones of the pelvic limbs and pelvis show no signs of fractures, inflammatory processes, or neoplastic changes. Muscle atrophy in the left hind limb is also observed.

🔬 **Diagnosis:** 🔬
Based on the submitted radiographs, advanced degenerative disease of the left hip joint, secondary to the dysplasia diagnosed in 2023, is confirmed.

📚 **Comment:** 📚
Hip dysplasia is a multifactorial condition, primarily characterized by looseness of the hip joint in young dogs, and sometimes in cats. Dysplasia often leads to secondary degenerative changes in the joints (coxarthrosis). The exact cause of dysplasia is not yet fully understood, with both genetic and environmental factors considered. The radiographic appearance of hip dysplasia varies depending on the severity of the disease but is mainly characterized by a shallow acetabulum, a mismatch between the femoral head and the acetabulum, often with signs of subluxation in the joint, and secondary degenerative changes of varying severity. X-rays to determine dysplasia should always be performed under sedation. The primary radiograph taken is a ventrodorsal projection according to OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) standards – the pelvis must be symmetrically positioned so that the obturator foramina are equal, and the limbs must be extended, positioned parallel to each other, and internally rotated so that the patella is centered over the trochlear groove of the femur. The radiograph should include the pelvis and hip joints, sacroiliac joints, and knee joints. Based on this radiograph, the severity of dysplasia and degenerative changes can be assessed.

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21/02/2024

🌟 | Guidelines for Body Side Marking and Marker Placement 🌟

📸 Veterinary Radiology Practice 🐾

In veterinary radiology, diagnostic accuracy begins with the details! Proper marking of body sides and placement of radiological markers are key to conducting precise and effective examinations. Here’s how to do it right:

✅ Importance of Markings and Markers:

Marking the body side and using radiological markers are essential for unequivocally identifying which side of the animal's body is being examined. This is the foundation of diagnostic precision, especially in the case of asymmetrical pathological changes.
✅ How to Use Markers?

Marker Application: Always place an "L" or "R" marker on the radiographic image to indicate whether the left or right side of the body is being examined.
Proper Marker Placement: The marker should be visible but must not cover any crucial diagnostic areas.
Documentation: Always note in the medical documentation which side of the body was examined and what markers were used.
🔍 Practical Tips:

Limbs: Place the marker near the examined limb to facilitate side identification without affecting the interpretation of key anatomical areas.
Lateral Projections: In lateral chest radiography, place the "L" or "R" marker at the top of the image, outside the heart and lung area. For lateral projections, always mark the side that is closer to the detector, indicating the side on which the animal is lying.
V/D and D/V Projections: In ventrodorsal (V/D) and dorsoventral (D/V) projections, place the "L" and "R" markers on the sides of the animal to clearly determine left-right orientation.
👩‍⚕️👨‍⚕️ Proper body side marking and marker placement not only meet technical requirements but most importantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficiency. By sharing this knowledge, we help ensure that every radiographic image provides the maximum amount of diagnostic information, contributing to the quality of care for our four-legged patients. 🐶🐱

Let's not forget: in lateral projections, it's crucial to mark the side that is closer to the detector, highlighting the side on which the animal is lying. This additional step ensures that images are interpreted correctly, enhancing our diagnostic capabilities.



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24/01/2024

🔍 Clinical History and Symptoms:
Our patient, a 10-year-old mixed breed dog weighing about 25 kg, exhibited unusual behaviors such as anxiety and jumping on furniture. The history revealed that the dog suddenly stopped bearing weight on its right hind limb, with swelling observed around the ankle joint, likely after jumping off a table.

🩺 Radiographic Examination of Both Ankle Joints was Conducted.

🔬 Examination Description:
In the lateral and anteroposterior projections, the ankle joints showed a typical number and shape of bones for the species. The bones forming the joints were not displaced, with smooth joint surfaces showing no signs of degenerative or inflammatory changes. In the distal epiphysis of the right tibia, a lytic lesion with an incomplete fracture was noted, without periosteal reaction.

🚩 Diagnosis:
Based on the radiographs, a pathological fracture of the right tibia was diagnosed, likely due to a neoplastic process.

🩸 The owners opted for amputation of the right limb and histopathological examination of the altered tibia, which confirmed the presence of osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, euthanasia was necessary two months after the amputation.

🔎 Commentary:
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor often affecting the long bones. Typically seen in large dog breeds, it manifests as pain, lameness, and swelling. Radiography is a key diagnostic tool, and treatment usually involves limb amputation and pain management, with chemotherapy as an option.

💡 Remember, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in combating cancer in our four-legged friends. 🐾





Help4vet.com

24/12/2023

Dear Sir or Madam,

As Christmas and the New Year approach, we would like to extend our warmest wishes to you. May this special time bring you peace, joy, and relaxation with your loved ones. We hope that the coming year will be filled with professional success, inspiring challenges, and satisfying achievements in the field of diagnostic imaging.

We are grateful for your cooperation and trust in our work related to the interpretation of X-ray, CT, and MRI images. We hope that our support contributes to improving the health and well-being of your patients.

With respect,
The entire Help4vet.com team

13/12/2023

🐕 **Patient: Dog, male, mixed breed, 3 years old.**

🚗 **Accident and Initial Symptoms:**
Our patient unfortunately got hit by a car. Immediately after the accident, he showed signs of head pain, especially upon touch, indicating potential internal injuries. Additionally, the dog exhibited neurological symptoms, including coordination issues and cranial nerve deficits. These symptoms were concerning and required more thorough diagnostics.

🔬 **Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination:**
To better understand the extent of the injuries, we conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and skull. We used T1- and T2-weighted images, as well as T1-weighted images after intravenous administration of a contrast agent. Our goal was to identify any damage to the brain tissue and skull structures.

🖼️ **Examination Results:**
Our studies revealed several significant findings:
- **Lateral Ventricular Asymmetry:** Slight asymmetry of the lateral ventricles of the brain was noticed, marked with a star on the images. Such asymmetry often has no clinical significance but requires monitoring.
- **Injury to the Masseter Muscle:** On the right side of the masseter muscle, hyperintense signal foci were observed, indicating potential damage. This change was particularly evident in the images after contrast administration, indicating heterogeneous post-contrast enhancement.
- **Additional Hyperintense Foci:** In the T2-weighted image, slightly hyperintense signal foci were also observed in the caudal part of the pear-shaped lobes and the left temporal lobe.
- **Defect in the Right Frontal Bone:** The last notable finding was a defect in the right frontal bone, which could indicate a fracture without displacement of bone fragments.

👩‍⚕️ **Specialist's Comment:**
Head injuries, like those sustained by our patient, are unfortunately a common consequence of traffic accidents and can result in various neurological symptoms. They are the result of swelling of the brain and hematomas of various sizes in the brain tissue area that occur after impact. Brain edema is usually visible in MRI in T2-weighted images, where fluids have a hyperintense signal relative to surrounding soft tissues. Due to the use of low-field MRI in the above examination, minor brain tissue hemorrhages were not visualized due to the lower accuracy of the images compared to high-field devices. The injury to the masseter muscle was very well visualized, also in post-contrast studies. The minor defect in the frontal bone most likely results from its damage (simple fracture without displacement of bone fragments), but it should be differentiated from physiologically occurring nutrient foramina or cranial sutures – here, a high-field MRI or computed tomography would also be an indicated assessment tool. In this patient's case, a CT scan was not performed – due to neurological symptoms, the decision was made to conduct an MRI examination. A slight degree of asymmetry of the lateral ventricles without features of hydrocephalus is an individual variation, without clinical significance.



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13/12/2023

We have noted your requests for examples of case studies that we encounter in our practice. We are pleased to announce that we will be sharing intriguing cases regularly, either weekly or biweekly. Our aim is to demonstrate how radiology significantly aids in the diagnostic process and enhances treatment in your veterinary practice.

Join us in this educational journey to explore how radiological technologies can be a powerful tool in the hands of veterinary professionals. We encourage your active participation and the sharing of experiences!

13/12/2023

13/12/2023

🐾 **Case: 8-Year-Old Dog** 🐾

🐕‍🦺 **Patient:**
Female, mixed breed, 8 years old.

🚨 **Symptoms:**
In recent weeks, our patient has been experiencing increasing coordination difficulties and alarming episodes of aggression towards her owners.

🔍 **MRI Diagnostics:**
The MRI scan revealed a slight enlargement of the pituitary gland, protruding above the Turkish saddle (image on the left). Following the intravenous administration of a contrast agent, a uniform post-contrast enhancement in the pituitary gland was observed (image on the right), suggesting the presence of a pituitary tumor.

🧠 **Specialist Commentary:**
Pituitary tumors are rare in dogs, accounting for 10-14% of all proliferative changes within the skull. They can lead to hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex (Cushing's disease) due to increased hormonal activity. A growing tumor can cause various neurological symptoms, such as coordination disorders, aggression, cranial nerve dysfunctions, disorientation, or aimless movement. MRI is a key diagnostic method in these cases. Due to the difficulties and risks of surgery, radiation therapy is the recommended treatment.

🐾 **Caring for Our Patients:**
Our team is committed to providing the best possible interpretation for MRI, CT, X-ray. Follow our updates to learn other stories from our practice!

🐶💕

www.help4vet.com

13/12/2023

Our next case of MRI description
🐾 Clinical Case: Idiopathic Epilepsy in a European Shorthair Cat 🐱
🔍 Introduction to the Case:
We had the opportunity to diagnose an interesting case of a 2-year-old European Shorthair cat. The patient had undergone feline rhinitis and suffered from sporadic mucous discharges from the nostrils. However, the most concerning were the occurring seizure episodes.
🔬 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination:
A decision was made to perform a brain MRI scan. We discovered significant thickening of the mucous membrane of the right frontal sinus with a hyperintense signal of the mucous membrane relative to the surrounding soft tissues, but without significant changes in the brain tissue.
🧬 Diagnosis: Idiopathic Epilepsy:
Our diagnosis is idiopathic epilepsy, a functional brain disorder of unknown etiology. It is worth noting that seizure episodes are more common in European Shorthair cats. It is important to conduct an MRI in case of seizures to exclude morphological changes in the brain.
👀 Significance of Incidental Findings:
An interesting aspect of this case is the inflammation of the frontal sinus, likely resulting from the past feline rhinitis, which was unrelated to the seizure episodes. This finding was incidental but underscores the importance of a comprehensive assessment of imaging studies.
📌 Summary and Remarks:
This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis in cases of epilepsy in cats, and also shows how important it is to consider the overall health status of the patient. In our practice, we always strive for a comprehensive approach, keeping in mind all aspects of the health of our four-legged patients.

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Reports for Vets
Veterinary Teleradiology

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24/11/2023

🐾 Case: Nora – Mixed Breed Dog, 12 Years Old🐾
Symptoms: Treatment-resistant seizure episodes

Diagnosis:
An MRI scan revealed a well-defined lesion that enhanced with contrast in the area of the pons and medulla oblongata. The lesion is peripherally located and characterized by uniform contrast enhancement, with a stronger hyperintense signal in the area of the brain's meninges within the lesion.
The pattern of contrast enhancement suggests the presence of a meningioma.

🔍 Specialist's Commentary
Meningioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumor in dogs and cats. This type of tumor usually develops from the dura mater of the brain. Typical clinical symptoms that may suggest the presence of meningioma include seizures, consciousness disturbances, and balance problems. However, these symptoms are not exclusively characteristic of this condition. Advanced imaging techniques, such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are used for accurate diagnosis of meningioma and other brain tumors. A characteristic feature of meningiomas in MRI is the pattern of contrast enhancement – known as the "comet tail effect," which appears after intravenous administration of a contrast agent, indicating the accumulation of this agent in the area of the meninges affected by the tumor. A definitive diagnosis is only possible through histopathological examination.




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09/11/2023

🐾 Medical Case: European Cat, 12 Years Old 🐾

Symptoms:
Lameness of the left forelimb; swelling, pain, and licking of the dorsal surface of the paw.

Diagnosis:

History: Lameness of the left forelimb persisting for three weeks. Previous treatment at another veterinary center, where swelling of the distal part of the limb and a strong pain response were diagnosed.

Therapy: Introduction of pain relief using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which brought about a short-term, moderate improvement.

Observations in the Clinic: Increase in pain and lameness. Wound toilette was performed, fur shaved, and blood and pus removed. A strong swelling of the soft tissue around the third finger, swelling of the interdigital spaces, and a contaminated wound resembling a disintegrated tumor on the dorsal part were observed.

Treatment: Initiated antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (16mg/kg twice daily) and anti-inflammatory pain therapy with tolfenamic acid.

Progress:
The next day, a slight reduction in swelling and significant improvement in the animal's condition were observed. No pus was found in the wound, only a small amount of blood flowed out upon pressure. Treatment continued for 5 more days. During the next visit, an improvement in the condition was noted - the cat began to load the limb, swelling was limited to the interdigital space of the third finger, and the wound was covered with granulation tissue. The anti-inflammatory therapy was continued and antibiotic therapy was extended to lincomycin (1ml/5kg body weight for 5 days). A granuflex dressing was applied locally. X-rays were also taken in oblique and dorsopalmar projections.

Radiographic Diagnosis:
In oblique and sagittal projections, the carpal joints showed a number and shape of bones typical for the species. Bones forming the joint were not displaced relative to each other, with no signs of fractures, inflammation, or neoplasia. The joint surfaces were smooth, unchanged degeneratively or inflammatorily. The metacarpus and phalanges were without signs of fractures and neoplastic changes. In the phalanges of the third finger of the left hand, signs of an inflammatory process were observed - irregular periosteal reaction, widening of the joint space between the second and third phalanges. Swelling of the soft tissues of the left hand area, most pronounced in the region of the third finger. Other soft tissues were unchanged. Based on the radiograms, inflammation of the bones and joints of the third finger was diagnosed. Treatment modification towards bone inflammation was indicated.

Treatment Outcome:
After changing the antibiotic from linkospectin to clindamycin (10mg/kg twice daily for 14 days), the skin healed, and the interdigital spaces returned to normal.

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This case of our client is published with his consent. The attached images are illustrative and are not in medical quality.

21/11/2022

Thank you to everyone who visited our stand.

26/10/2022

We'll be at Vet Show in London 17/18 of November. Visit us at stand D03 to see how does our service work. How easy and simple it is to send X-rays, MRI and CT files.
We will tell you how our cloud works and how we archive your photos and research
It will be nice to talk. We will have some bonus and gifts.

16/09/2022

Radiology for veterinarians.
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15/08/2022

Canine hip dysplasia (HD) is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs and cats. Dysplasia causes inflammation that leads to degenerative changes. It is a hereditary disease. Do you want to determine the degree of dysplasia? You can't interpret the photo. If you are a doctor or technician, log in to our website, send us a set of photos, and we will professionally interpret them for you.

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22/07/2022

Diseases of the elbow joint (ED) Radiographic examination of the elbow should be conducted in the direction of: detection of primary changes, i.e. confirmation of the presence of FCP, UAP, OCD, incongruence and detection of the presence and determination of the severity of degenerative changes in the elbow joint that are a consequence of dysplasia. You are not sure what the picture shows, you need a second opinion in the description of the X-ray pictures - send us the picture and wait for the interpretation.

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Do you need help with interpretation of X-ray or CT, MRI of small animals? | We facilitate the work of veterinarians by providing the highest quality interpretation of X-ray images online | help4vet | Teleradiology portal for veterinarians and veterinary clinics. We review and interpret X-ray, CT, a...