30/11/2021
Here are some horse social behaviour factoids I thought you might enjoy . When we think of social behaviour in horses we tend to think only of mutual grooming but horses can show affectionate and friendly behaviours in other ways too including
🐴Head over back or hindquarters of their friend
🐴Head over or under the neck of their friend
🐴 Nose or body touch with their friend
🐴Mutual grooming
🐴 Sharing proximity or space
This may be familiar knowledge to some people but not to others.
Seven Facts about Equine Social Behaviour
1. Horses use MUTUAL communication between all
members of the herd or group .Horses communicate via body language and
behaviours through giving and responding to develop a mutual language between them.
2.Each horses’ behaviour gains meaning through being given consistently and predictably over time .
3.Each individual has a comfort zone or bubble around them and they communicate who is or isn't allowed to share their space. “Friends” or preferred herd members are allowed nearest but others they would prefer further away. This is often confused with resource sharing, guarding or dominance! (Kieson, Lundgren & Abramson, 2019,). However, it is more a product of inappropriate management and spatial restriction due to domesticated environments (Rees, 2018)
4.Recent and emerging research suggests horses display social bonds through :
🐴Proximity
🐴Mutual movement and synchrony
🐴Mutual touch. Just because horses don’t touch or mutually groom does not mean they are not friends. Affiliative behaviours can be expressed in other ways (Kieson, Abramson & Lundgren, 2019)
5..Horses form complex social networks (Kieson,Lundgren &Abramson,2019,Wolter et al,2018)
6..Early and abrupt weaning, inappropriate social groups or isolation can lead to problems with social behaviour (Henry et al,2020,Hausberger et al, 2008) and increased agonistic interactions (Pierad et al,2019). Management and lack of space also play a role (Sigurjonsdottir & Haraldsson, 2019, Furiex et al, 2012).
7. The use of join up and other techniques frequently applied by some proponents of Natural Horsemanship are based on agonistic interactions and not affiliative ones as often claimed (McGreevy et al., 2009, Hartmann et al., 2017). When these techniques are used the risk of causing depressive states, creating psychological trauma or re-traumatisation is high.
What behaviours can you spot ?
References
Draaisma. R 2018. Language Signs And Calming Signals Of Horses. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor Francis Group.
Fureix, C., Bourjade, M., Henry, S., Sankey, C., & Hausberger, M. (2012). Exploring aggression regulation in managed groups of horses Equus caballus. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 138(3-4), 216-228.
Hartmann, E., Christensen, J. W., & McGreevy, P. D. (2017). Dominance and leadership: useful concepts in human–horse interactions?. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 52, 1-9.
Hausberger, M., Roche, H., Henry, S., & Visser, E. K. (2008). A review of the human–horse relationship. Applied animal behaviour science, 109(1), 1-24.
Henry, S., Sigurjónsdóttir, H., Klapper, A., Joubert, J., Montier, G., & Hausberger, M. (2020). Domestic Foal Weaning: Need for Re-Thinking Breeding Practices?. Animals, 10(2), 361.
Kieson, E., Lundgren, K., & Abramson, C. I. Preliminary Findings of Observations of Affiliative and Stress Behaviors in Large Horse Herds with Variations in Resources. In 15th Annual Conference for the International Society for Equitation Science, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
https://medwinpublishers.com/IZAB/a-preliminary-investigation-of-preferred-affiliative-interactions-within-and-between-select-bonded-pairs-of-horses-a-first-look-at-equine-love-languages.pdf
McGreevy, P., Oddie, C., Burton, F. L., & McLean, A. N. (2009). The horse–human dyad: Can we align horse training and handling activities with the equid social ethogram?. The Veterinary Journal, 181(1), 12-18.
Pierard, M., McGreevy, P., & Geers, R. (2019). Effect of density and relative aggressiveness on agonistic and affiliative interactions in a newly formed group of horses. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 29, 61-69.
Rees, L. (2017). Horses in Company. The Crowood Press.
Sigurjónsdóttir, H., & Haraldsson, H. (2019). Significance of group composition for the welfare of pastured horses. Animals, 9(1), 14
©️Jessie Sams (2021) Animal Behaviour and Trauma Recovery Service