Dr. Louierhey Serra Rulida

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𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗡𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗔𝗠𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡

The cardinal signs of inflammation are a set of five classic symptoms that characterize the body's response to injury or infection.

These signs were first described by the ancient Roman physician Celsus and later expanded upon by the 19th-century pathologist Rudolf Virchow.

1. 𝙍𝙪𝙗𝙤𝙧 (𝙍𝙚𝙙𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨):

Increased blood flow to the affected area causes redness. This occurs due to vasodilation, where blood vessels widen to allow more blood to reach the site of injury or infection.

The red appearance is a result of more oxygen and nutrients being delivered to the area.

2. 𝘾𝙖𝙡𝙤𝙧 (𝙃𝙚𝙖𝙩):

The increased blood flow also brings warmth to the affected area.

This heat is a consequence of the metabolic activity and increased circulation of blood, which carries immune cells and nutrients to aid in the inflammatory response.

3. 𝙏𝙪𝙢𝙤𝙧 (𝙎𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙜):

Accumulation of fluid, proteins, and immune cells leads to swelling at the site of injury.

Swelling serves a protective role by isolating the affected area and preventing the spread of harmful agents. It can also be a result of increased permeability of blood vessels.

4. 𝘿𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙧 (𝙋𝙖𝙞𝙣):

Inflammation activates pain receptors, contributing to the discomfort or pain experienced at the site of injury.

Chemical mediators, such as prostaglandins and bradykinin, play a role in sensitizing nerve endings and transmitting pain signals.

5. 𝙁𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤 𝙇𝙖𝙚𝙨𝙖 (𝙇𝙤𝙨𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙁𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣):

While not always included in every list, functio laesa refers to the functional impairment or altered function of the affected tissue or organ.

It highlights the impact of inflammation on the normal functioning of the body part and is considered the fifth cardinal sign.

Pict credit
https://lnkd.in/gnZY47qy

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Review this comprehensive list of prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic causes to properly assess a canine or feline patient presenting with hyperbilirubinemia.

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🤔

🏥🐾 Fibroepithelial hyperplasia or fibrodenomatosis in a cat —. 💉✍️ This pathological condition is presented when people who are not veterinarians administer exogenous progesterone 😡 (to prevent cat against heat cycle, as they call it). The solution is easy as spay your pet!. 😺



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