11/06/2023
Every muscle in the horses body eventually connects to the hyoid.
Muscular Connections:
The tongue connects to the hyoid apparatus.
The hyoid apparatus has muscular connections from the throat to the forelimbs (omothyroid), shoulder (omohyoid), and sternum (sternohyoid)
The main functions of the hyoid are to support the tongue, to stabilize the pharynx involved in swallowing, and the larynx involved in breathing and vocal noise, also due to its complex fascial relationship with the cervical spine, it plays a role in maintaining the position of the head.
It’s tight relationship with the temporal bones means that it also plays a role in hearing, balance, and steering.
In osteopathy, we are taught to see how every part of the body is connected – and not only every part of the body, but everything from the structural, to the cellular fluid, to the energetic and beyond. A well trained equine osteopath (EDO) will assess the visceral and Cranial sacral along with the musculoskeletal and myofascial links. The musculoskeletal is only 30% of the problem!!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9222872/
In horses, the hyoid apparatus is made up of several paired bones: the stylohyoid, epohyoid, ceratohyoid, and thyrohyoid, attaching to the central basihyoid bone. The basihyoid connects to the lingual process, where the tongue is attached. Unlike humans, the hyoid in horses articulates with the petrous portion of the temporal bone via the stylohyoid bone.
This joint can be prone to temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, sometimes referred to as “middle ear disease,” and is caused by an overgrowth of bone and potentially a fusion at the temporohyoid joint. This condition can affect the facial and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves (nerves 7 and 8), responsible for balance, facial expression, and eye lubrication. If your horse has one eye that consistently leaks or dries out or a floppy ear on one side, call your vet to investigate.
In my experience, having had a client with a horse that it turned out to have this, it can take a specialist vet to spot it when it's in its early stages before the eye or ear is affected.
The diagnostics done by a vet are the only way to diagnose this. As a therapist, I've only ever seen the strange cranial things I was feeling turn out to be this the once. Underdiagnosed? It's a question for sure.
Tack/gadgets that restrict the mobility of the mouth and jaw n therefore swallowing, and training that creates forced and false flexion at the poll, can significantly inhibit breathing as well as balance and movement throughout the horse’s whole body. Shut down one end, you shut down whole horse movement. It's that simple!
In horses, we also see the connection of the occipitohyoid muscle from the poll to the hyoid, which extends through fascial lines down the nuchal ligament and myofascial chains along the spine and back so......
⚠️ an issue in the poll, of which I've seen 3 in one day just this last week as its so common- can affect the hyoid and the health and relaxation of the back!❗️
Pull back injuries ARE SO COMMON. Just the once is enough to set up an imbalance that, over time, will travel through the body. Therefore, I feel its important horse owners have skills to be able to check their own horse!
https://facebook.com/events/s/horse-owners-empowerment-cours/216833067598885/
Over the next week, I will do a video of how to check your horses hyoid for tension to detext imbalances or discomfort.
🌷🌻I also teach this on my horse owners Empowerment Course (August and October next dates 12 participants max)
See previous post for a video of me working on a ponies hyoid. It's extremely enjoyable done correctly.
Photo: iStock/Mishella