13/03/2024
Critical Period of Socialization in puppies -
TLDR - Socialize your dog the very second you get them, don’t wait until they’re 12 weeks and they’ve had their 3 vaccinations.
If you’d like to learn more, read below. This is a repost of something I wrote a few years ago.
The Critical socialisation period in your dog starts at 3 weeks of age and ends around 16 weeks of age. We call this the critical period. Whoopty Do, But what does it all mean?
Well it’s basically a developmental stage which the environment influences can have a profound and long-lasting effect upon later behaviour, physiology and emotional reactivity in your dog.
This is the time that your puppy must be exposed to a variety of stimuli to develop normal physiological, psychological and social capacities.
Learning during this time is far more permanent than any other time.
You’re probably thinking, but I get my dog at 8 weeks so how am I supposed to socialise the puppy from 3 weeks? Well the answer is simple. Ask yourself “Where did you purchase your puppy from?” “Does your breeder really take into account this critical period of socialising”, Ethical and reputable breeders WILL take into account this critical period and WILL socialise your new puppy usually in a home environment with other animals, noises, people and stimuli.
When you purchase your puppy from a backyard breeder, puppy factory or someone who is ignorant to breeding you run the risk of purchasing a dog with permanent behaviour problems for the rest of its life, some of which won’t show until later in the dogs life.
This is why when buying a puppy, the breeder is actually very critical to the upbringing of your new dog.
As the dog gets older, the socialising becomes less effective. I’ll give you an example. When you purchase your puppy at 8 weeks of age and you socialise with a few dogs, a few cats, a few tools and a few people, your puppy is likely to generalise and all dogs, all cats, all tools and all people should be fine.
If you start socialising your dog from 12months of age to dogs, cats, tools and people then the socialising will be more specific. For example your dog will be fine with your dog, fine with your cat and fine with all the people who visit on a regular basis BUT may still be reactive to other people, cats, dogs and tools that the dog has not been socialised with.
If you adopt a dog, how can you tell if their “fears” or lack of social capacities is due to lack of socialisation in the critical period or due to a negative experience the dog has had?
Well this is a general rule and there are always exceptions but basically the more general the fear, the more likely to be lack of socialisation. For example if your dog is afraid of cars, motorbikes, trucks, bikes, skateboards then it’s likely your dog did not have sufficient socialising when he/she was younger.
If your dog is afraid of tall men only or afraid of just motorbikes then it’s likely your dog experienced something negative to do with that stimulus. When I hear the term “my dog was abused because he/she is afraid of ALL men, it’s usually a case of lack of socialising rather than abuse. Of course this all general but something to think about.
In closing it’s far more critical to socialise your puppy from the get go. Do not wait for things to happen. Think about all the things your dog may be exposed to in his/her life and socialise now whilst you will have the maximum effect on the dogs learning.