22/09/2021
Yesterday I met a handful of animals who appeared truly phobic in their response to being at the vet clinic.
Phobias are different from fear although differentiating this in pets may be trickier than in humans.
Fear is a normal response to a potentially threatening or dangerous situation. It makes sense from an evolutionary perspective.
Phobias on the other hand are fear responses of a much greater intensity which are out of proportion to the risk the situation poses and are accompanied by dysfunction in the body-brain fear circuitry. They are maladaptive because the outcome of the intense response is actually a greater risk of damage than the trigger eg: a loss of self control accompanying fast “blind” flight that risks you throwing yourself out of a window / through a glass barrier, is more likely to create injury than a loud noise inside the room is.
Pets are justified in their fear responses to vet clinics! It is a normal, sensible response to avoid a situation that may well cause you pain or other experiences that could cause you harm such as prolonged restraint. So whether animals showing strong fear responses at the vets are truly “phobic” is a matter of debate and perhaps related to the individual and their experiences and responses.
I write this because I believe there is so much we can do to avoid pets becoming this fearful. And a lot we can do to respond appropriately to that fear, and minimise it, even in animals with existing strong responses.
Earlier this year a piece of research showed that gabapentin given 90 minutes before a simulated thunderstorm (which had been demonstrated to cause a fear response in known thunderstorm fearful dogs) significantly reduced their fear responses and another study this year showed dexmedetomidine oral gel given prior to vet visit significantly reduced fear in those dogs.
This followed previous research showing cats given gabapentin prior to a vet visit had significant reductions in stress responses.
But it’s not only medicines that can be used.
A change of examination and handling style (or perhaps location) makes a HUGE difference to many animals.
Personally I examine almost all my patients on the floor, sitting next to them - rather than leaning over them or having them on a table.
I also respond to their body language and actions- the dog who was teeth baring at me yesterday, was responded to - I stopped, I paused, I verbally reassured and then I restarted in a slower, slightly different way. Always giving the perception she could move away if necessary. And guess what, she stopped teeth baring and the nail clip was performed successfully without restraint and without a muzzle.
This won’t work in all individuals - sometimes that fear response is just too strong but it doesn’t mean we lose our respect for their perception. I really dislike hearing “oh come on, it’s not that bad”. We should never disrespect another s perception of their own sensory or learnt experience.
Riemer produced an excellent paper on reducing fear in dogs and cats at the vets earlier this year.
So, whether you work professionally with animals or are their human companion in life, remember it is ok to acknowledge and take empathetic action to their fear. I ll be taking a good look at this in an upcoming (October 13th) presentation for the Dog Training College called “Phobic Fido - responding to fear in the dog” - link coming soon.
We can be the voice for the silent.
Bleuer‐Elsner, S., Medam, T. and Masson, S., 2021. Effects of a single oral dose of gabapentin on storm phobia in dogs: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Veterinary Record, p.e453.
Korpivaara, M., Huhtinen, M., Aspegrén, J. and Overall, K., 2021. Dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel reduces fear and anxiety in dogs during veterinary visits: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical pilot study. Veterinary Record, p.e832.
Riemer, S., Heritier, C., Windschnurer, I., Pratsch, L., Arhant, C. and Affenzeller, N., 2021. A review on mitigating fear and aggression in dogs and cats in a veterinary setting. Animals, 11(1), p.158.
Van Haaften, K.A., Forsythe, L.R.E., Stelow, E.A. and Bain, M.J., 2017. Effects of a single preappointment dose of gabapentin on signs of stress in cats during transportation and veterinary examination. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 251(10), pp.1175-1181.