01/22/2024
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"Force free training is only effective with some breeds of dogs."
"Only a shock collar stands between a dog an euthanasia."
"Positive reinforcement doesn't work with my dog".
"Force free training is great, but it has its limits."
Time and time again, aversive trainers excuse abusive methods because they insinuate that some breeds of dog don't respond to force free methods. Others argue that giving dogs treats won't address their dogs behaviour issues, as if that is all force free trainers do. ( it encompasses far more than that.)
Force free training is effective in a variety of species. Zoos all over the world are teaching the most ferocious predators in the animal kingdom to engage in co-operative care, so that they can perform medical checks without needing to anesthetise the animals, which can be both dangerous and distressing . Alligators, lions, tigers and so many other species are touching targets and calmly offering behaviours because they have been taught via positive reinforcement. How can you argue that this approach is limited or only effective in certain dog breeds when all animals learn in the same way?
There will be situations where dog's don't respond to training or will ignore the reward you are offering, but that is due to a variety of reasons that don't include the approach being limited. If your dog doesn't respond, a trainer should consider:
- Does the dog understand what is being asked?
- Is the dog stressed or distracted?
- Is the environment conducive for learning?
- Is the dog showing body language that would indicate confusion or discomfort, such as displacement behaviour?
- Are the rewards conducive to learning?
- Are your verbal cues and hand signals consistent?
- Does the dog need more practice somewhere quieter?
- Am I meeting the dog's needs?
- Is what I am asking too difficult for the dog at this time?
- Is my timing off or do I need a reward marker?
- Can I tailor this to the dog's learning style to make it more engaging?
In the zoos, if those animals don't respond, the keepers don't throw in the towel and slap on a shock collar. They experiment and consider the animal's needs. They change the environment and break the training down into more achievable steps. In other words, they reflect on what they need to do differently to achieve certain behaviours, and prioritise the individual needs of the animal they are working with.
Some trainers will still say that force free training has its limits, but in reality it is their knowledge that has reached it's limits. If they don't understand canine body language, signs of stress or discomfort, generalisation, reinforcement schedules, Premack principle, classical and operant conditioning, reward markers, the importance of intonation, canine welfare, learning theory, the sympathetic nervous system, breed traits, ethology and so may other facets of canine behaviour, its easier to blame the dog and blame force free training for being "limited".
Force, pain and punishment are never the answer. Deciding to resort to choking or shocking a dog because its easier than putting the time and effort into researching and experimenting, isn't ethical. Why should dogs pay for our limitations? - Holly Leake
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