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BVet Paw, Buea (2025)

24/07/2024

Join us for a series of workshops and practical training sessions organized by renowned experts. Don't miss this unique opportunity to enhance your skills and broaden your knowledge.

08/05/2024

The music of the soul is that which comes from the heart, you just have to listen

"A veterinarian's heart is a symphony of soft whines, happy barks, and the quiet purrs of a grateful animal." - Carol Norton

01/05/2024

When "Meat" becomes a threat, ESSENTIAL HEALTH WORKERS are out there to protect you.
Take note: We're what we eat🐾

20/04/2024

Necropsy Vs Autopsy

What is the difference between a necropsy and an autopsy?
Let us look at the words themselves.
“Necro” refers to “dead” and “psy” to study, so necropsy is the “study of the dead.” “Auto” refers to “self” so autopsy is “self study.” So an autopsy is technically a necropsy, but because a “human is performing it on a human” it is an autopsy.

"Our job is improving the quality of life, not just delaying death."
Robin Williams

Performing necropsies is an important part of veterinary medicine. Frequently veterinarians are presented with animals that had “died suddenly” at home. Pets can be very sensitive to airborne toxins, poisons or other potential household hazards so they can sometimes die suddenly at home. However, some pets tend to hide their illnesses, so quite often they are near death or dead by the time an owner notices that there is a disease condition. Necropsies can help determine the cause of these ‘mysterious’ deaths.

It is of utmost importance to have a necropsy performed if the cause of death is uncertain or may have a possible infectious origin, especially if there are other animals (or people) who may have had contact with the deceased pet. In addition, the risk always exists for zoonotic diseases (diseases of animals that can be transmitted to people), which should be ruled out to protect your family.

If a veterinarian had an animal under their treatment for a disease condition die, it is good practice to recommend a necropsy if the cause of death is uncertain, as both the veterinarian and pet owner will benefit from the knowledge gained. A gross necropsy can be performed, where the tissues are visually examined and no samples are taken for further study. In certain cases the cause is obvious on gross necropsy so no further investigation is required.
Sometimes the cause of death may not be readily obvious on gross necropsy. In those cases, tissue samples may need to be collected and sent out for histopathologic evaluation by a veterinary pathologist.

Source: "Necropsies in Pets"
by Peter S. Sakas DVM, MS www.nilesanimalhospital.com

15/04/2024

Did you know there's a highly contagious disease affecting sheep🐑 and goats🐐?
It's called Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), and it's important to be aware of the signs! ➡️ Swipe through the video to learn more about PPR and how to protect your herd.
Early detection is key!

P.S. Don't forget to like and follow for more animal health tips!

Credit: VET VIEWS (YouTube)

03/02/2024

Newcastle Disease: A Threat to Poultry Flocks Worldwide

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and often- fatal viral disease, affecting poultry including with really wide range of species. It has got a vital economic and public health concern due to rapid spread, potential for severe outbreaks, and the zoonotic potential. Understanding of the disease is very essential in preventing and controlling.

Aetiology:
The causative agent of ND is the Newcastle disease virus, a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus "Paramyxovirus". The virus exists in different strains from high pathogenic (causing severe disease) to low pathogenic (producing mild or no symptoms).

Pathogenesis:
It primarily accesses the host through the respiratory tract or conjunctiva, and it has been observed to replicate in several tissues like the respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal tract, and the nervous system. This perhaps accounts for the very typical destruction and poor function disease-state that easily becomes systemic.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms:
Clinical signs can sway depending on the virus strain and type of bird species involved. Common clinical signs include:
_Respiration: Dyspnea, gasping, coughing, caries.
_Nervous: Tremors, torticollis, paralysis, seizures.
_Digestion: Diarrhea, green droppings, anorexia, weight loss.
_Oculi: Eyelid swellings, conjunctivitis, blindness.

Diagnosis:
The early and correct diagnosis becomes the most important factors in controlling such outbreaks. Modes include:
_Clinical examination: With characteristic signs along with history of exposure.
_Laboratory testing: Viral isolation, antigen detection tests like ELISA, PCR for sensitive and specific confirmation.

Treatment:
Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for ND. Supportive care in the form of fluids, electrolytes, and antibiotics for secondary infections can be given.

Prevention and Control:
As the disease has no cure, prevention and control strategies are important which include:
Regular vaccination of poultry flocks against Newcastle disease, with appropriate vaccines, constitute the main stay of prevention.
Rigorous biosecurity measures like ensuring no contact with wild birds, proper disposal of carcasses, hygiene protocols go a long way in reducing transmission risk.
Reporting: Prompt reporting of suspected cases to veterinary authorities enables swift action to contain outbreaks.

Always consult your Veterinarian for proper cares
Benoit Temayeu
References:
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): https://www.woah.org/en/home/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): https://phil.cdc.gov/details.aspx?pid=12989
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): https://www.fao.org/animal-health/en

30/01/2024

Bacillary White Diarrhoea: A Threat for Young Poultry

Bacillary white diarrhoea (BWD) generally known as pullorum disease is an extremely infectious, fatal bacterial disease of the young poultry covers both chickens and turkeys. Caused by the bacterium _Salmonella Pullorum_, affecting large numbers of game birds causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry due to high mortality and reduced growth.

A devastating impact:
It is maximal in newly hatched chicks and poults and would cause losses of up to 100% in nonvaccinated flocks.
The general clinical signs are: whitish, pasty diarrhoea, depression, weakness, huddling, and anorexia.
Other symptoms associated with BWD may be dyspnoea, blindness, and swollen joints.

Routes of Transmission:
The _Salmonella Pullorum_ bacterium can be passed onto the there to the following routes:
_Vertical pathway: This refers to when an infected hen transfers the bacteria to its offspring via its yolk sac.
_Horizontal transmission: Food, water, bedding and those coming in contact with the equipment which may have been contaminated.
_Carrier birds: Adult birds are not affected but pose danger to others by excreting the bacteria.

Diagnosis and Control:
Diagnosis should be early and intervention at a later stage to combat BWD. Diagnosis includes the following techniques:
_Serum agglutination tests: These are performed on serum samples to detect the antibodies to _Salmonella Pullorum_ in infected birds.
_Nematode agglutination tests: This can be done by the detection of bacteria in droppings.
_Post-mortem examination: Often, post-mortem examination of the internal organs of only the dead birds confirms the diagnosis of BWD.

Preventive strategies for management and control of BWD:
_Vaccination: Vaccination of breeder hens often has an important role in reducing the chance of vertical transmission.
_Biosecurity: Improved hygiene and sanitation in the forms of disinfection of housing and equipment prove effective enough to ensure that little infection travels through fomites.
_Testing and culling: Proper identification and elimination of carrier birds have additional effects on breaking the chain of spread.

References:
Merck Veterinary Manual: Pullorum Disease in Poultry: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/salmonelloses/pullorum-disease-in-poultry
American Veterinary Medical Association: Pullorum Disease in Poultry: https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/249/12/javma.249.12.1371.xml
National Institute of Food and Agriculture: Pullorum Disease: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/nvap/NVAP-Reference-Guide/Control-and-Eradication

29/01/2024

How is Recovery from Parvovirus Managed in Dogs done?

The case of Deutsch a dog in Buea South-West of Cameroon that suffer from it

Being among the most feared viral diseases that dogs can get and pass on to uninfected pets, Parvovirus is highly contagious and potentially deadly. Although this form of disease may sound terrifying for dedicated dog owners especially after diagnosis confirm, it remains proper not to panic and open the world to what happens after parvovirus has attacked a pet and taken control. How therefore is recovery from parvovirus managed in dogs?

A Close Shave: Understanding the Early Stages
Recovery from parvovirus is all about quick response and intensive care. Initial stages are quite severe, and symptoms like intense vomiting, bloody diarrhea, loss of energy, and dehydration are common in the dog's body system. The veterinary intervention becomes crucial at this juncture.

The Long Road Home: Patience and Proactive Care are Key
Recovery doesn't happen overnight. Often, it takes days, sometimes weeks, of hospitalization, punctuated with careful monitoring and adjustments to treatment plans. Even at home, recovery is often a long road paved with TLC and fastidious aftercare.

In the Road to Recovering Care: Musts
_Rest and Recuperation: A quiet stress free environment is of utmost important. Exercise has to be introduced gradually, under the mentorship of your veterinarian.
_Dietary Delicacies: Calming down the gastrointestinal tract with bland easily digestible food is important. May necessitate prescription diets authored by your veterinarian.
_Hygiene Heroics: Clean and disinfect the surface infected frequently to avoid re-exposure. Every time your dog contacts you, please wash your hands.
_Vaccination Vigilance: Make sure all other vaccinations are in current order to avoid additional potential risks of complications.

Psychological Scars: Ignoring Emotional Distress
It helps heal both you and your canine friend physically, in the sense that he doesn't bear emotional scars after the ordeal. The physical recovery requires time and emotional recovery calls for patience and understanding. Kindness and providing safety and support are attributes important for physical as well as emotional recovery.

A Ray of Hope: Prognosis if You Act Now
Although parvovirus remains a fatal threat, the good news is that most dogs would recover completely if offered early diagnosis and intensive care. The inpatient survival percentage of dogs with parvo goes up to 80-90% provided there is extreme medical care.

Prevention is Always Better than Cure
Strict adherence to a vaccination schedule that your dog has been put through eliminates any opportunities for attacks by parvovirus. Responsible pet ownership, adherence to highest levels of hygiene in cleanliness practices and avoiding contact with areas of potential infection will also add onto the defence mechanism in place for your dog.

Remember: Parvovirus can be a formidable foe but, with vigilance, prompt action, and dedicated care, you can allow your puppy the best chance at full recovery for a healthy, happy life.

References:
American Veterinary Medical Association: Canine Parvovirus:https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_CanineParvo_022416.pdf
Merck Veterinary Manual: Canine Parvovirus: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/diseases-of-the-stomach-and-intestines-in-small-animals/canine-parvovirus
VCA Animal Hospitals: Parvovirus in Dogs: https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/parvovirus-in-dogs.

29/01/2024

Everything About Parvoviruses: Protecting Your Dog🐕 from a Tiny Terror🦠

Parvoviruses, microscopic🔬 bundles of trouble, pose a serious threat to our canine companions, particularly puppies. But understanding these stealthy adversaries is the first step in safeguarding your furry friend🐶. So, let's delve into the world of parvoviruses and equip ourselves with the knowledge to keep our four-legged friends healthy and happy.

The Sneaky Culprits:
Two main parvoviruses wreak havoc in dogs: Canine Parvovirus (CPV) and Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). CPV targets rapidly dividing cells, wreaking havoc on the intestinal lining and bone marrow. CPV-2, while rarer, is linked to myocarditis, a potentially fatal heart disease in young dogs🐾.

Contagious Chaos:
These viruses spread like wildfire through contaminated f***s, vomit, and even the fur of infected animals. Puppies under six months are most vulnerable, especially those unvaccinated or with incomplete vaccine schedules. Contact with infected environments, like dog parks or kennels, puts them at high risk.

Unmasking the Villain:
The battle against parvoviruses🦠 starts with vigilance. Keep an eye out for these telltale signs:
_Lethargy and lack of appetite
_Severe, foul-smelling diarrhea, often bloody
_Vomiting
_Dehydration
_Abdominal pain
_Fever🌡️
Early detection is crucial, as timely veterinary intervention can make all the difference.

Weapons of War:
The primary weapon against parvoviruses is PREVENTION. Vaccination💉 is your dog's superhero cape, shielding🛡️ them from this viral storm. Follow the recommended vaccination schedule religiously🙏🙏, starting at 6-8 weeks and ensuring boosters are up-to-date💯.

Fighting for Recovery:
If your dog falls prey to parvoviruses, swift and intensive veterinary care is essential✨. Fluid therapy, electrolytes, medication for nausea and vomiting, and antibiotics to combat secondary infections are vital. The road to recovery can be long and arduous🧗, but with dedicated care from your veterinarian👩‍⚕️, many dogs overcome this ordeal💫.

Remember:
_Maintain good hygiene: Disinfect contaminated areas thoroughly with bleach solutions.
_Wash your hands and clothes after handling infected animals or their waste.
_Practice responsible pet ownership: Vaccinate your dog, prevent escapes, and clean up after them.

By understanding parvoviruses, embracing preventive measures🔐, and seeking timely veterinary help🩺, we can keep our canine companions safe. Remember, knowledge is power💪, and in the fight against this viral enemy, you are your dog's ultimate protector.

This article is meant to provide general information and should not be substituted❌🙅 for professional veterinary advice. Always consult a veterinarian✅ for accurate diagnosis and treatment of your dog's health concerns🔝.

References:
American Veterinary Medical Association: Canine Parvovirus:https://ebusiness.avma.org/files/productdownloads/LR_COM_ClientBroch_CanineParvo_022416.pdf
Merck Veterinary Manual: Canine Parvovirus: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/diseases-of-the-stomach-and-intestines-in-small-animals/canine-parvovirus
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Parvovirus in Dogs: https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirusb19/index.html
Blue Cross for Pets: Parvovirus in Dogs: https://www.facebook.com/bluecrossvictoria/posts/parvovirus-in-dogs-canine-parvovirus-is-a-highly-contagious-disease-that-can-be-/1741676452598524/
World Small Animal Veterinary Association: Vaccination Guidelines: https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/vaccination-guidelines/

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