21/12/2024
𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗔 𝗦𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗮𝘆
𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗼 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝗯𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀: 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗡𝗔 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗳𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝙃𝙮𝙡𝙖 𝙨𝙥𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙨 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗶𝗱𝘁, 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟳 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗮𝘅𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗽𝗼𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝙂𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙘𝙖 (𝗔𝗻𝘂𝗿𝗮: 𝗛𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗽𝗵𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗲)
Currently, the name 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 is applied to Bolivian montane forest populations of marsupial frogs that have been associated with 𝘎. 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘴𝘶𝘱𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘢 and its allies in the past. Because its comparatively large size evoked taxonomic doubts, we re-examined the holotype of 𝘏𝘺𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 Sᴄʜᴍɪᴅᴛ, 1857 and extracted and sequenced archival DNA to clarify its identity. Morphological and molecular data revealed 𝘏𝘺𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 as being conspecific with 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘢 from northwestern Peru. We place 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘢 Bᴀʀʙᴏᴜʀ & Nᴏʙʟᴇ, 1920 as a junior synonym of 𝘏𝘺𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 Sᴄʜᴍɪᴅᴛ, 1857, regarding the latter a valid species, 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 (Sᴄʜᴍɪᴅᴛ, 1857). We furthermore correct its type locality to ‘northwestern Peru’.
As a result of these findings and the morphological differences observed among the name-bearing types, the Bolivian taxa 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘻𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘦 Dᴇ ʟᴀ Rɪᴠᴀ, 1992 and 𝘎. 𝘱𝘪𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘢 Dᴜᴇʟʟᴍᴀɴ & Kᴏ̈ʜʟᴇʀ, 2005 are removed from the synonymy of 𝘏𝘺𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴. Examination of the external morphology and osteology (inferred from micro-CT images) of the holotypes of 𝘎. 𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘻𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘦 and 𝘎. 𝘱𝘪𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘢 revealed several differences. However, with the data currently available, we are unable to judge whether these differences represent species-specific diagnostic characters or intraspecific variation.
We consider 𝘎. 𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘻𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘦 a valid species and, applying a principle of parsimony of taxonomic changes, provisionally regard 𝘎. 𝘱𝘪𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘢 as its junior synonym pending future investigations. Furthermore, pending further studies, we tentatively continue to consider 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘤𝘰𝘦𝘳𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘢 a valid species occurring in montane forests of the Departamento La Paz, Bolivia. Finally, 𝘓𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘥𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘺𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘢 Bᴏᴇᴛᴛɢᴇʀ, 1891 is removed from the synonymy of 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘮𝘢𝘳𝘴𝘶𝘱𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘢 (Dᴜᴍᴇ́ʀɪʟ & Bɪʙʀᴏɴ, 1841) and regarded a nomen dubium based on the morphological characters mentioned in its original description, which are in disagreement with 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 and argue for affinities with the genus 𝘠𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘴 (Strabomantidae). The results of this study highlight the importance of referring to name-bearing type specimens when taxonomically revising complex and species-rich groups of organisms.
Kᴏ̈ʜʟᴇʀ, J., C. Kᴏᴄʜ, R. Gᴀʀʟᴀᴄᴢ, M. Pʀᴇɪᴄᴋ, I. Dᴇ ʟᴀ Rɪᴠᴀ & M. Vᴇɴᴄᴇs (2024): Getting back to name-bearing types: archival DNA and morphology clarify the identity of 𝘏𝘺𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴 Sᴄʜᴍɪᴅᴛ, 1857 and challenge the taxonomy of Bolivian populations of 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 (Anura: Hemiphractidae). – Salamandra 60(4): 263-282.
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Dorsolateral views of adult female holotypes of (a) 𝘎𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘢 𝘭𝘢𝘶𝘻𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘦 and (b) 𝘎. 𝘱𝘪𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘢 in life.
Photos: Köhler 𝘦𝘵 𝘢𝘭.
