19/10/2023
🫣 The Dirt on Peanut Butter 🥜
To be 100% honest with you, I don’t know where, when or how peanut butter became so popular for dogs as a snack and an ingredient in treats. Dogs “can” eat peanut butter but it is FAR from my first choice for a treat as there are so many considerations to be made. It seems like lip smacking goodness until you really look into it.
☠️ When Peanut Can be Lethal 🥜
Peanut butter can be lethal if it contains the sugar alcohol Xylitol which is used as an artificial sweetener in some brands. Xylitol poisoning causes vomiting, a sudden drop in blood sugar, weakness, incoordination, collapse, seizures, liver failure and even death. Urgent veterinary attention is required after accidental ingestion of even small quantities. Peanut butter doesn’t need sweetener, if you’re stocking peanut butter in your pantry select a natural variety with no additives.
🙅♀️ Other Undesirable Aspects of 100% Natural Peanut Butter 🥜
🦠 Aflatoxins 🦠
Aflatoxins are a potentially carcinogenic toxins produced by mould that is found in agriculture in corn and maize (check the ingredients in Science Diet dry food 🫣), cottonseed and peanuts.
These have been known to produce allergic responses, digestive inflammation, autoimmune or heart issues, problems with growth and development and contribute to parasite infestation.
The roasting process removes majority of the mould and therefore aflatoxin concentration of raw peanuts. However, peanuts that are already roasted and stored prior to processing may continue to grow mould. This means that the “grind your own” peanut butters in natural health food stores have a higher concentration of aflatoxins compared to other sources 🫢 Buying roasted peanuts in bulk and grinding them at home with no additional heating may also contain higher levels than expected.
Some brands claim to be aflatoxin free, do your research and buy from reputable brands or ones who have done appropriate scientific testing, such as ELISA, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) to check levels. Buying from local, organic providers who care about their produce and harvest efficiently and carefully are also worth looking into.
As a side note, aflatoxins are grouped into 4 categories - AFG1, AFG2, AFB1 and AFB2. The FDA considers peanuts and peanut products containing a total aflatoxin count from all categories no greater than 20 micrograms per kilogram (mcg/kg) or 20 parts per billion (ppb) as fit for human consumption. In Canada and Australia the highest acceptable level is 15ppb.
🌰 Omega-6 Fatty Acids 🥜
Peanut butter is high in omega-6s. These polyunsaturated fatty acids should be monitored within dog diets as they can cause inflammation. If your dog eats a lot of chicken, there is likely to already be a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 which could promote inflammation.
🙅♀️ Rancid Fats 🥜
Even with undetectable aflatoxins, store bought peanut butters may still be become rancid due to high fat content. Roasted and processed peanuts will go rancid faster than raw peanuts. Exposure to air causes oxidation therefore refrigeration and appropriate storage may control this.
🔥 Roasting Process 🥜
Peanuts are often roasted in hydrogenated vegetable oil which introduces trans fats into the product. Avoid peanut butters made from peanuts roasted in oil and instead opt for the dry-roasted varieties.
🫘 Phytates 🥜
Legumes and grains contain phytates, natural antioxidants that act as anti-nutrients within the body. Phytic acid chelates micronutrients causing decreased bioavailability. Some studies suggest that roasting may reduce phytic acid levels up to 26%. Soaking, sprouting, activating or fermenting peanuts prior to roasting will further reduce the content of phytates.
🌰 Oxalates 🥜
Peanuts are high in oxalates. Similar to phytates, these are anti-nutrients which bind to minerals impairing their bioavailability. Oxalates can also accumulate in the kidneys, leading to the formation of kidney stones. Roasting decreases oxylaye content, and soaking prior to roasting further reduces the oxalate content.
✅ Best Practice for Preparation 👩🍳
💧Soak, sprout or activate raw peanuts and dry roast or ferment them to make your own peanut butter. This reduces aflatoxins, phytates, oxylates and trans fats. You may also be able to find companies who follow these practices in their processing.
🙅♀️ Don’t make peanut butter from nuts that have been roasted and sorted in an uncontrolled environment as this promotes mould growth and aflatoxin content. This includes avoiding “grind your own” peanut butters from health food shops.
🌴 Nut butters made from Valencia or Jungle peanuts are more carefully grown and are less likely to have aflatoxins. Valencia peanuts also contain all 9 amino acids, resveratrol and monounsaturated fats that help to lower triglycerides.
🐟 Feed your dog plenty of omega-3 rich foods the same day you give peanut butter to help bring the Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio closer to 3:1.
🍶Consider making or buying fermented peanut butter over activated or soaked as this contains also probiotics as well as reducing anti-nutrients.
Overall, small doses of peanut butter can be considered okay for dogs provided specific guidelines are followed. Despite this, there are significantly more nutritious nuts and seeds to consider appropriately preparing feeding instead.