26/05/2023
SUPERHERB FOCUS - TURMERIC
Turmeric (Curcuma Longa/Curcuma Zedoaria/Curcuma Xanthorrhiza)
Plant history & traditional uses
Turmeric is a rhizomatous herb of the Zingiberaceae family, with a long history of culinary and traditional medicinal uses including stimulant, carminative, expectorant, demulcent, dyspepsia, diuretic, antipyretic, flatulence, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, jaundice, liver and urinary disease, and coughs and colds (Lobo et al 2009, Gilani 2005, Gupta et al 2013).
Phytochemical and pharmacological properties
Turmeric is rich in biologically active compounds, such as terpenes and polyphenols, with more than 100 clinical trials in humans being carried out to explore the potential of turmeric against a vast array of conditions, with numerous proven pharmacological characteristics identified including: antimicrobial, anticancer, pulmonary health, antidiabetic, metabolic support, antiallergic and analgesic activity (Lobo et al 2009, Gilani 2005, Gupta et al 2013). Safety and efficacy of turmeric is well proven, with trials in various species concluding it to be a safe and effective treatment option for a variety of diseases (Gupta et al 2013).
Evidence for use in the treatment of Gastric Ulceration
Turmeric has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment and preventative of gastric ulceration in rodent trials for over 30 years, against many different inducement methods; reserpine, ligation and indomethacin, via anti-secretary, mucogenic, antioxidant and cytoprotective mechanisms (Rafatullah 1990). More recent research also found turmeric to provide effective gastroprotection against NSAID induced ulceration in rodents, via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms (Chattopadhyay et al 2006). In human trials, turmeric was found to be an effective curative compound against peptic ulcers, with 20 of 25 patients showing complete healing under gastroscopic examination (Prucksunand et al 2001). In vitro trials have also uncovered anti-secretary properties, blocking H+K+-ATPase activity, the same mode of action as omeprazole, in addition to antioxidant and cytoprotective activity (Harsha et al 2016.)
Some concern has been raised regarding the irritant effect of turmeric on the gastrointestinal mucosa of horses, being as it is a very commonly used herb in horse feed and supplements, but trials have found this concern to be unfounded (Blanc et al 2022). It has been demonstrated that turmeric has a gastroprotective effect and can prevent ulcer development in horses who are stabled for extended periods, and horses who are deprived of feed for extended periods – both known risk factors in gastric ulcer development in horses (Andrews et al 2014, Fletcher and Gough 2019).