17/11/2025
𝗛𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀’ 𝘁𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀 - they are continually growing and continually wearing, as they chew and grind their grazing and forage. This means that regular checks from a suitably qualified Equine Dental Technician or vet are recommended - even when horses are not yet in work, or once they have retired.
As foals, the first teeth begin to erupt from just one to two weeks after birth. By the time they reach 9 months old, most will have a full set of 24 teeth.
Just like people, foals have ‘baby teeth’, as depicted in the illustration. These teeth are replaced by adult teeth usually between the ages of 3 and 5.
When the adult teeth erupt, they dislodge the first teeth, which are also known as caps. Whilst this is happening it can make chewing very uncomfortable, especially long fibre forages (such as hay) and short grazing that is being eaten close to ground level. This is one of the main causes of sudden loss of condition in otherwise healthy youngsters. Offering soaked feeds and hay replacers like HayCare will be far easier for the youngster to manage and so ought to help them maintain or regain condition.
Whilst dental checks are recommended at least once a year, youngsters (and older horses) may require more frequent checks. If you have any concerns about your horse’s body condition or if they are having difficulty chewing, do contact your vet or Equine Dental Technician (EDT). Once the adult teeth have come in at around 5, the teeth continue to change both on the surface and importantly, below it.
By the time the horse has reached the age of 15 to 16, dental issues are very common. Some can be minimised with regular dental care in earlier life, and appropriate feeding also has a part to play. Peripheral caries (or cavities in human terms) for example, are deemed less likely to occur when horses have low sugar, low starch diets.
On the surface, two frequently seen issues are wear of the crown (grinding surface) and diastema (gaps between the teeth).
Diastema are problematic as food can become compacted and trapped, causing painful inflammation of the gums and periodontal tissue - even leading to infection in some cases. Your EDT or vet will advise of any treatment required, which may range from flushing and washing to widening the gaps themselves. From a feeding perspective, we suggest avoiding chops or chaffs in the diet as these can cause irritation. Instead, opt for soaked forages.
When the horse has reached their early 20’s it is likely that the rate of wear on the crown is more than the rate of eruption. Their teeth are wearing out. This can make chewing forage difficult and you may notice that they are quidding hay. This suggests it is time to offer an alternative forage to replace hay - HayCare being the obvious choice as it is nutritionally likened to good quality high fibre hay, yet it is in an easier to manage format when fed soaked.
Finally, the (quite literal) root cause of weight loss in many older horses comes from beneath the gums. As horses age, the roots of their teeth become more shallow in the jaw - a result of the continual growth (eruptions) of the teeth during their lifetime. This can lead to the teeth themselves being less stable, making chewing uncomfortable. Again, offering an easier to eat soaked hay replacer is recommended.
When introducing a hay replacer, as with all dietary changes, do so gradually over a week or so. It is important to note that an insufficient intake of forage can increase the risk of digestive issues, including colic.
Hay replacers need to be fed in hay-replacing quantities. For example, if you wish to replace 6kg of hay, you will need to use 6kg dry weight of hay replacer.
𝗜𝗳 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗿𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗮𝗱𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗲, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗙𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝟬𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟴 𝟲𝟬𝟰 𝟬𝟬𝟴, 𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗼@𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺.𝗰𝗼.𝘂𝗸.
