27/03/2024
We might think of them as garnish but are microgreens actually the key to closing nutrient deficiencies? A new study led by Francesco Di Gioia, assistant professor of vegetable crop science at Penn State University, is redefining how we perceive the nutritional value of microgreens.
Published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Plant Science, the study evaluated 17 different types of microgreens from seven botanical families and looked into their mineral and nutrient content in depth.
The research team grew these young plants under controlled environmental conditions and analyzed them for yield performance, nitrate content, and mineral profiles.
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The purpose? To see if these tiny greens were a viable source of nutrition in case of catastrophic events such as asteroid strikes, supervolcanoes, and nuclear war. The results, though, can help individuals and healthcare practitioners build more balanced diets in everyday scenarios.
The right micronutrients and macronutrients for you
As nutritional deficiencies continue to plague modern diets, the importance of a well-balanced intake of micronutrients and macronutrients cannot be overstated. Microgreens, it appears, could be a natural solution to this issue.
A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) separated the 17 microgreens into distinct groups based on their mineral composition. For example, scallion was closely related to dry matter concentration, magnesium, nitrogen, and manganese, whereas sunflower had strong associations with zinc, copper, phosphorus, and iron. Various Brassicaceae species shared associations with sodium and sulfur.
Noah Praamsma, RDN, the Nutrition Education Coordinator for the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM)—which was not involved in the study—explained that microgreens are indeed nutritional powerhouses.
“Microgreens are excellent sources of many vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help the human body function well,” Praamsma tells VegNews.
Among the significant findings, the study revealed that microgreens could meet more than 15 percent of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for several essential minerals. These minerals included both macronutrients and micronutrients, categorizing nitrogen and potassium as primary macronutrients, which constituted 38.4 percent and 33.8 percent of the total macroelement concentration, respectively.
Eight species from the study exhibited high concentrations of potassium, making them suitable as dietary sources for this essential mineral.
For example, species such as scallion and sunflower could serve as key microgreens for nutrient diversity in such cases, while high-yield species like radish and broccoli could provide the necessary volume for sustaining a population.
“Microgreens would definitely be an asset after a natural disaster, and I would be thrilled to find a bed of microgreens in the wake of an asteroid strike,” Praamsma says. “It would mean that edible, nutritious plants are still growing, and that there will be nutrient-dense food to feed us while we deal with the damage from the impact.”
While consuming these microgreens is a great idea, Praamsma says that eating their mature counterparts is just as beneficial in building a well-balanced, plant-based diet that should focus heavily on vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fruits at most meals, and daily B12 supplements.
“Any type or age of green leafy vegetables will contain lots of nutrients, whether that’s mature kale, baby spinach, broccoli microgreens, or alfalfa sprouts,” he says. “The important thing is that you’re eating them.”