15/03/2025
Shoulder-In, you don't begin at the end.
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In the Ecole de Légèreté we teach shoulder-in relatively early in a horse’s education. It is a useful, interesting and important (vital?) thing for many horses, and we don’t need to wait until they are being ridden at a higher level to introduce it. It can be something to teach a young horse before they are even ridden. And once we are on board, it may be that introducing it sooner rather than later is truly in the horse’s favour.
There are many historical and current proponents of the benefits of shoulder-in, with in-depth descriptions of how it should be executed, and with what purpose. In the second part of these posts, I will discuss this from the perspective of the Ecole de Légèreté.
However, one of the reasons riders baulk at the thought of introducing it is that it can:
a) Be seen as the domain of ‘dressage’ riders and;
b) Not something my horses understands - so where do we even begin?
Often, (and I have experienced this previously under other classical instructors) we are told to just ‘ride shoulder-in’; even when our horses doesn’t understand the aids, and neither do we. We may be able to manhandle a horse into something which looks a little like a shoulder-in, but with no idea of that what and the why.
Because, the shoulder-in we begin with is not the shoulder-in which we end up with. And one of the challenges faced by non-professionals is reading books or watching riders executing shoulder-in on what might be called a more ‘finished horse’. One who knows a great deal, is physically capable, and understands very light aids. Whereas, when we first start checking out whether our horse understands the aids for shoulder-in, it may feel messy and clunky. We may be expecting the horse the horse to offer things we have read about - greater balance and lifting of the thoracic sling, improved holding and engaging on respective hind legs, a greater suppleness and connected feeling between us. And when this doesn’t happen, a rider may give up - assuming that they’re doing the wrong thing.
Whereas, this is all normal and the beginning of the progression – you are both in the very early learning phase. This is just the first rung in the ladder. It’s where we work with a broad brush, using the independent aids we have taught the horse previously (in simple situations) and starting to combine them in this first lateral exercise. This is not the place for ‘fine pen detail’ but instead,‘That’s good enough, it’s in the right direction’. And we also use it as an opportunity to learn more about our horse - what do they understand well already in terms of the basic aids? Where are some miscommunications or holes in their education, which the initial attempts at shoulder-in reveal? What do they find physically easy and what is trickier, and how can this guide our next steps?
We may discover that our horse doesn’t fully understand how to mobilise their shoulders laterally, so we return to exercises which teach a horse how to keep their shoulders in the corridor of the reins. We may see this exercise reveal how your horse likes to overload their shoulders, so have to combine it with a Demi arret, or move in and out of neck rein turns.
It makes sense to begin with counter shoulder-in, where the wall does a lot of the work in terms of balancing your horse and guiding them sideways. Over time you will utilise this exercise in its own right - according to the needs of your horse - but initially it makes it easy to 'show your horse the way'.
It is possible to educate a horse in-hand in all elements of the shoulder-in family, in order your horse gains the gymnastic benefit even if it cannot be executed under saddle yet. Initially we teach it with a more lateral effect, and then over time with a more diagonal one.
Most of us don’t ‘start with a finished’ horse; and our first attempts at shoulder-in may feel less elegant and more functional. However, with a logical, ethical approach to horse training you can ‘teach’ your horse the aids in order that the movement itself makes sense at a cognitive level. And over time the physical benefits and elegant beauty will reveal itself to you both.
All photos are of partnerships learning, they are not showing a polished or finished shoulder-in. But it is in the learning that we really make knowledge our own; it is not to be denigrated or looked down on.
By Kate Sandel.