05/07/2025
π€π€’ Symptom Saturday! π€§π€
π Jaundice π
πΎ Jaundice, also known as icterus, is the term used for the yellow pigmentation that arises due to the build-up of a chemical called bilirubin in the blood.
πΎ The yellow colouration affects most of the body but is normally most noticeable in the sclera (whites) of the eyes, the membranes and gums in the mouth and areas of pale, hairless skin such as the abdomen. Jaundiced animals often have bright yellow or orange urine and may have paler coloured faeces than normal. A stronger yellow colour is also apparent in the serum of the blood as shown in the photo.
πΎ Bilirubin is normal within the body, being created as red blood cells break down before being processed by the liver. It is then transported via the bile duct into the intestines to be excreted in faeces. At normal levels the amount of bilirubin doesn't result in yellow colouration, jaundice is a sign that there is too much in the blood.
πΎ High levels of bilirubin, or hyperbilirubinemia, can result from any stage of the normal process going wrong:
π‘ Too many red blood cells breaking down, for example in pets with immune mediated haemolytic anaemia.
π‘ Liver conditions resulting in less bilirubin being processed, for example hepatitis, liver tumours or infections such as leptospirosis.
π‘ Bile duct conditions preventing the movement of bilirubin into the intestines, for example bile duct inflammation or gall stones.
πΎ Other symptoms are likely to be demonstrated alongside jaundice depending on the cause, including lethargy, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anorexia and collapse.
πΎAll causes of jaundice need to be investigated and treated quickly. The veterinary surgeon is likely to suggest blood samples to assess the level of bilirubin, numbers of red blood cells and liver function. They may also suggest an ultrasound scan to assess the liver and bile ducts. Treatment options will depend on the cause determined.
πΎ Owner's should take extra care with hygiene around jaundiced dogs, particularly if not up to date with their vaccines, as one of the differential diagnoses is Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection that can also cause serious illness in people.
πΎ If you are concerned that your pet is demonstrating any signs of jaundice please give us a call and we can arrange an appointment to see them βοΈ