Dog Behaviour Clinic was first established in 2007, covering N Cambs, S Lincs W Norfolk
Accredited dog behaviourist and trainer
Relationship centred, kind, fair, positive reinforcement training
No force, no fear, no pain
Joint Principal of The International School for Canine Psychology and Behaviour (ISCP) www.theiscp.com
A relationship is a continuous learning process that requires ongoing effort and communication. It involves understanding and adapting to the needs and desires of both individuals involved. Feedback loops within a relationship provide opportunities for growth and development, contributing to its dynamic nature. Each interaction offers insights and challenges, contributing to the evolution of the relationship.
In order to effectively communicate with a dog, it is essential to recognise and acknowledge that they have valuable thoughts and feelings to express. Without this fundamental belief, it becomes difficult to truly listen and understand their needs, emotions, and messages.
A few people have asked me how little Luna is getting on so here is a little update. She is the German Shepherd who was worried about being touched.
She watches other dogs from the window of the enrichment room and does not react - just shows interest so we let her watch. She now requests fuss and affection from everyone who takes care of her. She loves getting out in the car too so we have been slowly expanding her experiences and she is taking it all in her stride. She has seen horses, sheep, pigs, ducks and chickens, watches them for a while and if she looks like she might become more aroused I just call her name and she comes to me. She then ignores them for the rest of the walk.
She is ready to find her new home and is currently being cared for by German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund. You can find her details on their website.
Every interaction with a dog is an opportunity to show them love, respect, and kindness. Be clear, consistent, and kind in your communication. Dogs rely on us to guide them through the world, so let's do so with honesty and compassion.
Introducing Kia
Kia is a GSD who is around 2 years old, and was found as a stray. German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund stepped in to help after her 7 days were up. When I first met her, she was incredibly toy obsessed. She would grab the first toy she came across and run around in a frenzied fashion. She simply could not relax or switch off or think of anything else if there were toys around.
Now, some might say she needs to work so increase her physical exercise, give her a job to do, take her to agility and so on, or that the simple way to stop the obsession is to take all the toys away and not to give them to her at all. However, there are problems with these approaches. If we think about this from a welfare point of view, that is not conducive to good welfare! She may find comfort or an emotional attachment from having toys, or it may have started as a coping mechanism. Would it be fair for her to never have a toy again? She would most likely find something else to use as a toy over time anyway. Dogs like Kia do not need an increase in stimulation as she was already over stimulated by the toys. The other problem is that this approach does not change the underlying motivation or behaviour or help her to move forward. Even if she didn’t have toys for a long time, if she ever came across one, the motivation and the high stimulation from them would still be there.
We began bringing her into a specially designed enrichment room, provided by A17 kennels, for which we are so grateful. It also doubles as a room that mimics being in a home. We loaded up some snuffle mats and towels with treats of various textures and tastes at different heights. We placed down some blankets that had been around people and some that had a few drops of different (dog safe)scents, specifically designed for dogs. Scent work can be really rewarding for dogs. We also put some paste onto some cones and other surfaces.
Initially, we removed all the toys from the room so that she could begin to enjoy exploring and then gave her one toy for the last 5 minutes of the session. We found that Kia really enjoyed licking the paste and sniffing around the room. Over a number of sessions, Kia began to slow down and actually sniff and investigate the room, seek interaction, physical contact and affection.
We no longer remove all the toys before she comes. She will pick up a toy and briefly interact with it but then chooses to come over for some affection or even some grooming. At some point in the session, we provide her with a long-lasting dehydrated treat so that she goes to lie down with it. (Obviously, just being still doesn’t mean that a dog is actually relaxed). Today, she had one of these treats and then came over for affection and lay down on the floor for about 5 minutes. We will be introducing her to some more fun scent work over the coming weeks and also man trailing.
The point of writing this post is to think about how we try to change a dogs unwanted behaviour. It isn’t just about stopping or preventing the behaviour or doing some training with them. Being obsessed with toys was not a problem in Kia’s eyes, just in the humans. Of course, long term, being obsessed and having tunnel vision when it comes to toys is not a healthy way for a dog to be. Dogs with this kind of fixed focus lose all awareness of potential risks that they would otherwise have. The urge to grab and hold on to toys, to chase and play with them overrules everything else so it is not a healthy state to constantly be in.
When we are wanting to change a dogs behaviour, we must think about the dogs motivations, ensure that it is not detrimental to their welfare and only use kind, fair, effective and ethical methods.
We talk a lot about looking for changes in body language so here's a chance to practice.
What differences, if any, can you see in the body language of photo 1 compared to photo 2? They are slightly blurred as I have zoomed in but hopefully you can see clearly enough.
Not looking for interpretations, just purely observations.
A fun video for observation purposes only. We often miss so much and we need to train ourselves to look for changes.
This is a couple of clips taken of my senior boy, waiting to pounce on his toy.
Can you spot any changes in the video clips?
“A handler who insists that a dog ignore the world is one who is afraid of losing control of the dog” Suzanne Clothier
When dogs are interested or curious about novelty in the environment, it is often suggested to train them to focus on the handler and ignore whatever they are concerned about. A dog who is trained to rigidly ignore their world is not being a dog and is not able to learn coping skills or other strategies.
There is nothing wrong with letting dogs watch things in their world as long as we can recognise when a dog is going beyond alert curiosity or interest and are becoming worried, fearful, or ready to react. We can then offer them some support and help them move away.
Photo ref: Luna waiting for her new home with German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund
In our relationships with other humans, we don’t discount or laugh at others experiences, we try to understand their point of view and respect their reality. So why can’t we do this with our dogs instead of expecting them to face their fears?
Another practical strategy that Hanley-Dafoe talks about with children is listening with the intention of really hearing them and what they are saying. We can also do this with our dogs. Really try to listen to what they are saying through their communication.
Hanley-Dafoe, R. (2020, October). The Guide to Resilient Children. Scouts Canada. https://www.scouts.ca/f/13bw8
We know that play strengthens bonds and supports child development in lots of ways. It is a building block for empathy, communication, and relationships. Enter your dog’s world and join in the fun.
Photo ref: Kira waiting for her new home with German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund
Observations only, NOT interpretations.
Compare the body language in the two dogs.
What do you see?
Which dog is in a higher state of arousal?
How do you know?
As owners, guardians, or caregivers (insert whatever term you use to describe your relationship with your dog), we play a significant role in the development of our dog’s emotional foundations, just as we do with children. Robyne Hanley-Dafoe, Ed.D., an award-winning author talks about practical strategies that help foster and cultivate resiliency. I have replaced the word child with dog in the quote below.
“When your dog walks in the room, do your eyes light up? That’s what they’re looking for.” Show you are genuinely glad when they come into the room.
Try it with your dog :)
Hanley-Dafoe, R. (2020, October). The Guide to Resilient Children. Scouts Canada. https://www.scouts.ca/f/13bw8
Photo ref: Myla looking for her new home with German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund
If we can trust what a dog is communicating to us, and know it is an honest communication from them, we should remember that our dogs expect the same from us!
Photo ref: Ted waiting for his new home with German Shepherd Dog Welfare Fund
This beautiful dog waiting for her new home loves her ducky! Jack loves his piggy, Bonnie loves her ball and Luna loves her big ball.
What's your dogs favourite toy?
A random photo I took of two of my dogs watching the birds through the window. Although we need to be careful about looking at a single photo and making a judgement as we don't always know the background, circumstances etc, in this photo you can really see the difference between the two dogs reactions to the birds from their body language.
What do you see? Compare the body language of the two dogs.
Dogs, like us, are emotional, social creatures. They communicate through silent signals, as well as through vocalisation, and also through scent and touch. Once we learn to read their body language this opens the door to a wealth of understanding that can truly enrich our relationship.
Contrary to what some tv “dog trainers” would have you believe; dogs are NOT trying to assert their dominance over their canine or human “pack”. Dogs view humans as family rather than being part of a pack, dogs know we are not dogs!
Yes, my dogs sleep on the sofa or our bed!
When a dog's ears are tight around the base and held high and erect, behaviours are likely to be less thoughtful.. This is linked to engagement of the sympathetic nervous system as opposed to the parasympathetic nervous system.
As a dogs ears rise, and tighten, and the space between the base of the ears narrows, an internal change is occurring. Dogs are more likely to move towards more automatic behaviours such as herding, chasing, ragging, mouthing, grabbing and running.
Dogs are better able to detect movement than humans and can detect movement from around 900 metres.
We may know we are trustworthy or that someone else is trustworthy, but we should not assume our dogs know this - trust has to be earned. We can show dogs that they can trust us by our actions and interactions.
Humans control a large part of dogs lives and some of this is due to keeping them safe. But we control when they eat, where they eat, what they eat, whether they have company or are alone, when they have access to outside, which dogs they get to interact with and much more. So how can we give dogs more choice in their lives without putting them at risk? I've listed a few suggestions below but can you think of any others?
Choice of sleeping area
Choice to engage or not
Choice of going outside in the garden or staying in
Choice of treats or food
Choice of toys
Choice of where to walk, and which direction
Choice in being handled for things such as grooming and other care focussed tasks
Choice to stop and sniff on walks – not walking to heel!
A dogs overall body posture is a good indicator of how they are feeling but what should we look for?
➡Where is the weight of the body held - more on the front or on the back legs or is the weight centred?
➡Is the body curved or facing head-on?
➡Is the body lowered or is it held very tall and square?
➡Is the dog standing, sitting, or lying down?
➡Are the dog's movements fluid or stiff?
➡Is the dog moving away or towards an interaction?
Enhancing your observational skills
🧐Would you like to understand your dog better?
🧐Do you get confused by their signals and communication?
🧐Do you only listen to your dog when they “shout”?
Understanding your dog's communication is the foundation for building a strong relationship and meeting their needs. It's amazing what we can learn from their subtle cues and nuances of communication.
With our help, you can become a pro at interpreting your dog's behaviour and responding appropriately. Let's work together to enhance your connection with your dog and create a harmonious, happy relationship.
We have an incredible offer for you. Starting at the end of April, we are offering the opportunity to enhance your observational skills.
Would you like:
✅A monthly live online session analysing videos
✅Opportunity to submit a video for discussion
✅Access to a private group where you can ask questions and join discussions
How it works
You can join as a dog guardian/owner or as a professional. Membership is just £5.00 per month (minimum 6 months subscription)
Register your interest by dropping us a message or sending an email 📨to [email protected]
Don't fall for gimmicks, quick fixes or false promises like the video below. We have all seen the adverts offering a quck fix or a shortcut.
First of all, we are not in the business of "fixing" dogs. Also, unwanted dog behaviour does not happen in a vacuum. It isn't just about the dog's behaviour, it is often about recognising the dog's emotional experience, how our actions and behaviours impact them, the dog's motivations, their environment and much more.
Quick fixes often involve harmful or aversive techniques.
Each dog is an individual and there is no universal method that works for every dog. Changing a dogs unwanted behaviour ethically often involves an holistic approach.
Don't get drawn into believing empty promises and false headlines - do your research before employing a dog trainer or behaviourist!
Changes in body language can happen very quickly, literally in seconds as the dog moves from being aroused to reacting. What differences can you spot in these two photos, taken one after the other?
Prong collars or pinch collars - just don't!
🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩
According to those who employ prong collars on their dogs, they are just training collars used to keep dogs' behaviour in "check" and they are apparently harmless.
Really?
Prong collars are designed to cause pain or discomfort in order to stop dogs displaying a certain unwanted behaviour. They're based on the principle of applying something painful or frightening to stop unwanted behaviour.
Many research studies show that aversive training techniques, like prong collars, can cause pain and distress and can compromise dog welfare. We also know that painful and distressing training techniques have long term effects on the mental, physical and emotional wellbeing of dogs. I have personally seen the resulting pain, anxiety, fear, physical and mental scarring they cause to dogs.
At the very least, these aversive "tools" do not teach a dog what to do instead!
* Dr. Karen Overall published an editorial in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior in which she wrote: “Absolutely, without exception, I oppose, will not recommend, and generally spend large amounts of time telling people why I oppose the use of shock collars, prong collars, choke collars, and any other type of device that is rooted in an adversarial, confrontational interaction with the dog". (Overall, 2007).
There is NO excuse for animal abuse, no matter what form it takes. STOP using them.
Red flag play?
Green flag play?
How do you know - what do you see?
Some great comments and observations of body language and some excellent comments about context, which is so important rather than making a snap judgement. I'll now add some context. Does this change your initial thoughts?
CONTEXT
These dogs live together. The brindle dog at the back is 11 and male, the smaller black one at the front is 3 and female. The smaller dog had been lying on the little blue bed. When the larger dog came in, the smaller black dog grabbed the rope toy.
There are many studies that demonstrate the benefit of social behaviour for dogs. For example, playing with another dog has been shown to support motor development and social development. (Sommerville et al., 2017).
Social buffering
Social time with regular dog companions can help improve a dogs’ confidence. Cimarelli et al. (2021) found that dogs with stronger affiliations were more confident when faced with stressors.
If we consider the behaviours of free ranging dogs, we will notice that the dogs often live within social groups who will share resources and territory. They may even forage together and choose to sleep near each other. In a multi dog household, this is often replicated within their own social group. They will often engage in playing, foraging or even sleeping together.
This social behaviour is very different to encouraging dogs to play with random unknown dogs that we meet. In order to provide our dogs social needs we need to think about who they have access to play with, rather than random encounters with unknown dogs at the park.
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A fun video for observation purposes only. We often miss so much and we need to train ourselves to look for changes. This is a couple of clips taken of my senior boy, waiting to pounce on his toy. Can you spot any changes in the video clips?
Don't fall for gimmicks, quick fixes or false promises like the video below. We have all seen the adverts offering a quck fix or a shortcut. First of all, we are not in the business of "fixing" dogs. Also, unwanted dog behaviour does not happen in a vacuum. It isn't just about the dog's behaviour, it is often about recognising the dog's emotional experience, how our actions and behaviours impact them, the dog's motivations, their environment and much more. Quick fixes often involve harmful or aversive techniques. Each dog is an individual and there is no universal method that works for every dog. Changing a dogs unwanted behaviour ethically often involves an holistic approach. Don't get drawn into believing empty promises and false headlines - do your research before employing a dog trainer or behaviourist!
Red flag play? Green flag play? How do you know - what do you see? Some great comments and observations of body language and some excellent comments about context, which is so important rather than making a snap judgement. I'll now add some context. Does this change your initial thoughts? CONTEXT These dogs live together. The brindle dog at the back is 11 and male, the smaller black one at the front is 3 and female. The smaller dog had been lying on the little blue bed. When the larger dog came in, the smaller black dog grabbed the rope toy.
Another clip of the GSD and Staffordshire Bull Terrier playing. I have slowed the video down to make it easier to see so no sound in this one. Would YOU interrupt or let it play out? How do we know when to interrupt dog play? What should we look for? In general (this is not a definitive list and will depend on the individual dogs) 🚩body slamming 🚩focussed bites (some breeds will mouth but if biting is taking place, the play should be ended) 🚩play is one sided all of the time – unbalanced chasing 🚩muzzle punching 🚩increased pilo erection (raised hackles 🚩flattened ears or avoidance in one of the dogs 🚩biting or grabbing body parts 🚩barking at the other dog, especially in their faces 🚩becoming tense, stiff, or showing signs of fear (or aggression) 🚩closed mouth, curled lip, low warning growl (some dogs growl when playing but if accompanied by a closed mouth or retracted lips, interrupt now) 🚩wrestling or chasing each other for a prolonged time - without changing to another activity 🚩increased over arousal and escalation - play becomes faster or more intense Did anyone notice the pilo erection at the base of the staffies tail? Much more physical contact is made in this clip and the interaction is much more intense. I called them away and ended play. If you are unsure, call your dog away – it is better to call them away and interrupt play unnecessarily than leave it until there is a problem!
What should we be looking for when dogs play together? How do we know if they are enjoying it? Here is a short video clip of Luna, our newly adopted girl and Bonnie. There is a big difference in size between them. Look for ↘️Pauses between play - activity shift ↘️Taking it in turns to chase and be chased - role reversal ↘️Self handicapping - Luna makes herself small ↘️Open mouth "play face" ↘️Bouncy ineffective movements ↘️Mirroring
Oh my goodness, Willow is thriving at A17 boarding kennels and has already found a new best friend! Thank you Dave and Toby for taking such great care of her. If you're interested in adopting Willow, contact GSDWF today! https://www.gsdwelfarefund.co.uk/dogsforrehoming #AdoptDontShop #RescueDog #bestfriendsforever
Working hard on recall with our dogs can have many benefits!
I don't usually share posts of dogs needing new homes on here as there are plenty of pages for that and this page is about sharing information about dog behaviour but I am making an exception for Luna. I have been working with this gorgeous girl and got to know her really well. I would love to see her settled in a new home. Please share this post far and wide. She also has her own fb page where you can follow her antics https://www.facebook.com/homeforluna Luna • 2 years old, Sable GSD • Bouncy happy girl • Walks well on harness and lead • Greets other dogs nicely out on walks • Fully housetrained • Fine being left for a while and will settle quietly • Loves playing with humans • Loves playing with toys • Can settle quietly beside you on a sofa once she has had play, stimulation and exercise • Loves long sniffy walks • Travels ok in the car • Greets children calmly • Has fantastic recall Luna’s needs: an active home with someone who enjoys walking. You will see in the video she is fabulous in the vet clinic waiting room, fabulous visiting a pet shop, meets small children beautifully, has visited a garden centre, loves being off lead. She has even recalled away from a squirrel. The non-negotiables: No young children as Luna can be quite bouncy and could accidentally knock a young child over but older children would be fine as she is very gentle with them and enjoys interacting. Visiting children would be ok as Luna is quite settled behind a stairgate. Only dog in the house – while Luna is fine greeting other dogs on walks and is very gentle saying hello to small dogs, she is very full on when trying to play with other dogs inside the house and gets very excited and boisterous. No cats or small furries though – she is not aggressive, but she would chase.
Want to be able to recall your dog from distractions? Recall Without Worry starts Sunday 16th April @ 11am www.withoutworrycanineeducation.co.uk
The importance of fear-free handling. As many of you know who follow my page, I am passionate about working in a fear-free way with animals, giving them choices where possible. My own German Shepherd is quite nervous about new people. She is a rescue and has an unpleasant history with people so it was important to find the right match for her. Freya has hip dysplasia and has regular underwater treadmill therapy which has helped her immensely. She needed a little additional help with pain management so Move More Veterinary Physiotherapy came out to do some work with her. I honestly didn't expect we would get very much done today as it is the first time she has met Laura. But Laura works with the dog in front of her, allowing them time and space to feel comfortable and listening to what the dog tells her. Laura was able to physically examine Freya, do some exercise techniques, use laser therapy on her and provide some massage relief! Freya even began to doze off! A huge thank you to Laura of Move More Veterinary Physiotherapy
Sometimes doing less is actually doing more! Look for opportunities to do less with your dog and just observe them. Pay attention to what they are doing and observe what they interact with. It is a golden opportunity to learn more about our dogs.
As most of you who follow my page will know I am very much committed to fear free training and handling. My GSD is quite worried around new people and when I learned she needed underwater treadmill therapy I couldn't help wonder how we would manage it! I want to give a huge shout out and thank you to Julie Smith of Craigard Treadmill Hydrotherapy for her patience and gentle consideration with Freya. She has tweaked everything to ensure Freya can cope through small steps to get used to each stage. I cannot recommend her highly enough. If your dog needs underwater treadmill get in touch with https://www.craigard-hydro.com/contact.html Here's my girl walking the walk. :) #fearfree
We are often too quick to start shoveling food down our dogs to distract or "make them feel better" about the things they are worried about or react to. I often talk about letting dogs calmly observe but how do we do that? It means finding a place that is quiet and not too busy. It means finding a place where their triggers are at sufficient distance they do not worry the dog. It means not asking the dog to do anything - just observe. It means not constantly talking to the dog and saying it's ok or telling them to look at things. Keep it brief - no longer than 10 minutes and then go home. You will see the dog in this video clip is sitting down - I did not ask her to do that, that was her choice. She is scanning the environment a little but she is also using her nose. With practice and repetition this will become calmer.
We are now able to offer short practical sessions for those dogs who struggle with being handled for grooming or veterinary procedures. Cost: £15 Duration: 30 minutes Location: Holbeach PE12
Learning and memory is what makes each of us, and each of our dogs, a unique individual. Synaptic connectivity is the essence of learning and memory. It is a result of external and internal stimuli acting on the genes that create the proteins which make up our neurological system. Journal of Applied Companion Animal Behavior Vol. 2, No. 1. 2008 LeDoux, J. (2002). Synaptic self: How our brains become who we are. New York: Penguin Books.
Why is fun scentwork so good for our dogs? Panksepp, (1982) described seven emotion systems in the brains of animals and people. One of these systems is seeking which refers to enthusiasm and curiosity. Dogs engaged in scentwork operate in a state of calmness, Hewings (2019). Predatory motor patterns are a rewarding consequence for dogs. Scentwork provides the opportunity to engage and tap into the intrinsic reward system, allowing them to safely express their natural behaviours. Teach dogs to find balls hidden around the garden or on walks. Duranton and Horrowitz, 2019 concluded that that allowing dogs to use their olfaction through a regular scentwork activity makes them more optimistic and by allowing dogs their “foraging time” their welfare is improved. Rather than throwing a ball or toy, try hiding it. Make it simple to begin with so that the dog finds it easily. Over a period of time, gradually make it more difficult. If a dog seems uninterested in searching for a ball or toy, try hiding an interactive food toy. Duranton & Horrowitz (2019) Let me sniff! Nosework induces positive judgment bias in pet dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science Volume 211, February 2019, Pages 61-66 Hewings, R. (2019) Scent training for every dog. First stone, Westline publishing, Warminster Panksepp, J. (1982). Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. Behav. Brain Sci. 5, 407–467. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00012759
I know I've mentioned this before but it really is my pet hate. Sit, sit, sit, sit and SIT. I hear this a LOT in people’s homes, out on walks, in the park, in waiting rooms etc. One of the first things that used to be taught in puppy class was SIT. We now focus more on life skills. While Sit can be a useful it is one of the most over used and abused cues. Sit might be useful for example if a dog needs a blood draw at the vet or needs something to be examined that cannot be done if they are moving around. However, dogs are asked to SIT when another dog comes along SIT for their dinner SIT to go out SIT to greet a visitor SIT to cross the road SIT before they go out of the door SIT before they come in SIT to have a harness and lead on SIT to receive a treat And on goes the list. Asking dogs to SIT when they are emotional (fearful, stressed, over stimulated, anxious, reactive etc) will use up any impulse control they have and may even make their behaviour worse. Also, the sitting position can be extremely uncomfortable for many dogs. Dogs are often uncomfortable or even in pain when asked to sit. Have a look at the way some of these dogs in the video are sitting. Thank you to their owners for allowing me to share. Virtually all of these dogs in the video either have hind leg, spinal, arthritis issues or find sitting uncomfortable. Try to count up how many times you say SIT in one day and then ask yourself, WHY! WHY do I need this dog to SIT?
Now for a bit of fun! Bored or frustrated with your training? Finding it hard to get your dogs attention, especially when you are outside? Do you repeatedly call his name or use a recall cue and get no response? Chirag Patel, Domesticated Manners came up with the concept of The Counting Game. Instead of calling their name or using a recall cue that has failed in the past, we use neutral words to see if they can engage with us and re-connect. Playing the counting game with your dog is a great way to help him on walks, when he is off lead or distracted to get him to re-connect. We begin by dropping down a treat, saying ONE in a loud voice and using a big sweeping gesture as we do it. Wait a couple of seconds and see if your dog looks over. Now say TWO in the same way, dropping down a treat. Continue in this manner until your dog runs over. Quietly move away and begin again. Watch what happens! I am not using a sweeping motion in the video as my dogs already know what the counting game is but look how quickly he comes over.
A different perspective of the off lead connection game for teaching loose lead. It may look like she is a bit ahead of me for this video but its just the angle I'm holding the camera. You can see at around 24 seconds she goes a little ahead (pulling if on lead). I simply change direction and mark/treat as she comes alongside again. Please note: I didn't ask her to sit at the beginning - she was anticipating some fun Wait training . I will do a blog post soon about Sit! ;)
A useful tip. I thought I would show you a common problem that can happen when trying to teach dogs to walk on a loose lead. It is very easy to avoid. Try to start training when your dog is calm and just wait for him to engage with you and as he comes over, drop a treat down. I have deliberately kept treats in my hand for this clip. Watch how excited Jack gets as we come alongside the gas tank. He attempts to jump up. He is really excited and only concentrating on the food in my hand. Use a treat bag or pocket and avoid handling the food while you train.
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