04/12/2023
Well worth a read.
Myth-busting Monday: "Dogs are pack animals"
It is still common practice for owners to be advised to send their dogs off on 'pack walks', where large groups of unbonded dogs are walked together with little human intervention or guidance. This can even be suggested as a cure for behavioural problems such as fear or reactivity, with the assumption that the pack dynamics will sort this out.
In reality, this is far from an accurate representation of domestic dog social dynamics. Even free-ranging dogs, such as village dogs, strays and rural/mountain dogs, do not form packs. Dogs are social animals and do interact with other dogs frequently, but they do not form stable packs even in the short term. Free-roaming dogs may form small cooperative groups (usually under 5), particularly if resources are concentrated to one space, or if hunting collaboratively, but these are temporary. Mother and pups may stay together for many months, but most free-roaming adult dogs spend the large proportion of their time alone or in pairs (almost always male:male or female:male pairs).
Dogs are socially flexible and this is partly why they make such amazing companion animals, but they do not form instantaneous stable hierarchies with other dogs. Putting large numbers of unknown dogs together (for instance in a 'pack walk') is likely to cause conflicts without resolution, instability and may lead to vulnerable dogs shutting down, whereby they display little behaviour at all. A shut-down dog is not cured of behavioural problems, they are simply profoundly stressed and in a state in which they feel they have no behavioural choices.
Although it is of course possible for large groups of familiar and well-matched dogs to live together in harmony, this requires trusting relationships with constant communication between the dogs, which takes time to develop. Importantly, these relationships are not reinforced by aggression or dominant interactions and cannot be defined as pack dynamics.
Group dog walks are great ways for your dog to get extra exercise and attention and spend fun time out and about with other dogs. However we always suggest choosing a dog-walker who keeps their group sizes small and manageable and doesn't expect a 'pack' to sort itself out. Lastly, dog-walkers should never be expected to fix a dog's behavioural problems.
Further reading:
'The social behaviour of free-ranging suburban dogs' by Berman and Dunbar
'Effects of S*x and Reproductive State on Interactions between Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs' by Sparkes et al.
'Variation in dog society: Between resource dispersion and social flux' by MacDonald & Carr