Mighty Paws - Vet Services

28/06/2022

CRYPTORCHIDISM🥚🥚
It is a phenomenon in which unilaterally or bilaterally the testicles fail to decend into the scrotal pouch..

LOCATION 📪
Most of the time the undecended testicle is present in either the inguinal canal or the abdominal cavity.. in some rare cases it is also found in the subcutaneous tissue around the inguinal area..

An year old male Cat presented with unilateral cryptorchidism for neutering..
The undecended testicle was found inside the inguinal canal.. one can compare the development of the testicles inside and outside the body.. 🎎

27/06/2022

A four month old lab came with a history excessive vomiting... upon abdominal x ray her whole stomach was filled with bones... gastrotomy was performed to remove the bones.. surger

22/06/2022

A wild raptor presented at the clinic with a broken tibiotarsus at the distal end.. The bone was reconstructed using an IM pin and cerclage wire.. and then immobilised by applying a splint.. however A hybrid fixator is preferred is such cases..

28/05/2022

Complete fractures of the radius and ulna bone in an eleven month old female Gsd after a road accident.... Reconstructed with a seven hole dcp plate..

26/05/2022

A 10month old conure with a complete fracture of the radius and ulna bones.. 🐥🐧! Ulna is reconstructed via a 0.9mm k wire and the radius is reduced along it.. Fracture healed in about 3 weeks prior to surgery..

17/05/2022

An Eleven months old kitten with multiple hind limb fractures presented at the clinic.. tibial bone was reconstructed using a 7 hole reconstruction plate and 2mm cortical screws.. comminuted fracture of the femur was aligned using an External skeletal fixator and ESF pins.. infected bone fragments were removed to prevent any further spread of bone infection..

27/08/2021

👁 INTRACORNEAL STROMA HEMORHAGE

🧿Intracorneal stromal hemorrhage presented in a two year old intact female shihtzu..
Corneal neovascularization also present resulting from keratitis (inflammation of the cornea).

🔮Reasons include: Trauma, systemic hypertension, ocular diseases etc

🔆Treatment options involve the use of topical steroids/ immunomodulatory medications and/or antiinflammatory medications. Once the Inflammation and underlying problem is resolved, the reddened hemorrhage will soon decrease but some permanent scarring may still remain depending upon the extent of corneal damage! ‼️

03/07/2021

VACCINATIONS 💉 & IMMUNE SERUMS🧪

⁉️What's the importance of vaccinating you're pets?

The answer is that it saves❤️‍🩹 them from aquiring multiple lethal diseases.
A vaccine is a weakened🧬 or killed virus 🦠or bacterial cell protein that stimulated the body to produce immune response against the respective pathogen without causing the disease💊.

⁉️Which vaccines to use?

In my experience🩺, live vaccines are better suited in our country, Pakistan 🇵🇰 , where stray population 🐕 🐈‍⬛🐕 still exceeds the pets 🦮 and mass no of animals are Non vaccinated.
Live vaccines 💉 produce a long term immunity compared to killed vaccines .
Killed vaccines have been shown to produce failures ❌many a times since they produce immunity for not more than 6months in these conditions.

⁉️Which diseases to vaccinate your pets for?

🅰️ Major vaccines also known as core vaccines include:

Cat- P - panleukopenia
C - Calicivirus
H - Herpesvirus
R - Rabies

Dog- D - Distemper virus
H - Hepatitis virus
P - Parvovirus
Pi - Parainfluenza virus
L - Leptospirosis
R - Rabies

🅱️ Othervaccines available in Pakistan but are not core vaccines include:
Cats- Chlamydia vaccine

Dogs- Bordetella bronchoseptica (Kennel
cough)

⁉️Should serum shots be give before vaccinations?

Different vaccination schedules can be followed based on an animal's environment, state of health, colostrum intake, and Mother's history.

❕ Some puppies 🐶 are given serum shots 💉 prior to starting thier vaccination schedules and that is completely fine 💯, Infact that is a more safer route to keep your puppies safe from life threatening diseases..

Will discuss about vaccination schedules in the next post 🔜!
Do discuss your Queries ❓if any in the comments section ⬇️!

27/04/2021

SUMMER CUTS! 🔆 in DOGS!!

⁉️Why pets need a summer cut?

🟡Dogs have bodily mechanisms against the heat waves however they do not have sweating mechanisms as efficient as we do and so are more prone to heat strokes, especially the long haired ones!

🟡The more sensitive dog breeds are those with a finer under coat hair which they do not shed as much and thus making them more prone to heat stroke.

🟡Smaller dogs and long haired cats are more sensitive to heat waves however this does not exclude the larger dogs from the list.

🟢Another important aspect of summers is that the dogs start to shed their hair and this creates a mess!!
🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

🟣 OTHER IMPORTANT REASONS FOR A TIME TO TIME HAIR CUT:
♾ To prevent Matting
♾To prevent from smaller wounds turning into infected or maggot wounds often left unseen because of the long coat
♾ To maintain a better skin hygiene, preventing from fungal infections or dermatitic conditions...

🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
In order to avoid all these problems and depending on the pet's breed, age, and conditions in which he's kept, a summer trim may or may not be required!

⁉️Which pets require a summer cut:

▪️Particularly those breeds which have a longer coat like double coated German shephs, Golden retrievers , Huskies or those of the shorter stature like poodles, labradoodles, shih tzu and the like....

〽️BENEFITS:
➕Cooling effect in summers
➕Less chance of heat stroke
➕Less summer shedding
➕Counters the less feed intake in summers to some extent
➕Creates a comfortable situation for the pet as well as for the owner considering the less hair shed

➿DEMERITS:
➖Makes skin more prone to damaging effects of direct sunlight so requires some clothing to wear while going in direct sunlight..
➖Lesser aesthetic appearance..

MYTHS:
🤦🏻‍♂️MYTH NO. 1: HAIR DOESNT GROW BACK:
This could only be witnessed by a person himself but there is no such phenomenon that prevents hair from growing back after a hair cut!
However there are some underlying conditions that may result in inhibiting the hair growth or producing a dull hair coat. Treating the underlying condition will treat the hair growth problem aswell!! 😃
MYTH NO. 2: LONG HAIR/DOUBLE COAT ACTS AS AN INSULATOR:
A common sense would suggest you to consider wearing a Double coated jacket and roam around in the hot summer season 🔥 in it.. Would it protect you from the heat? THERE'S YOUR ANSWER‼️

⭕️Hope this post creates a better understanding of why summer trims are important especially in Pet breeds!

27/04/2021

🔺ORONASAL FISTULA / CLEFT PALATE

A 1.5year old Intact male stray cat 🐈‍⬛ presented with a history of recurrent coughing and sneezing with purulent nasal discharge as well!
Upon examination 🩺 the cat had an oronasal fistula and resulting from that there was almost always rhinitis and and upper respiratory infection.

What is a Cleft Palate⁉️
A congenital oronasal fistula is an abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities involving the soft palate, hard palate, premaxilla, and/or lip. The primary palate consists of the lip and premaxilla.

The palate for successfully corrected 🩹surgically using the overflapping technique! And is recovering well! 🧸

06/10/2020

FELINE CALICIVIRUS🦠🦠

Feline calicivirus is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease of the cats effecting the upper respiratory tract and the Oral cavity mouth and sometimes cause a systemic infection increasing the mortality rate upto 70%

🐾TRANSMISSION

It is an airbourne viral infection sometimes shed in body secretions aswell..

🌡CLINICAL SIGNS

☣️Calicivirus infection results in an upper respiratory tract disorder causing:
-Sneezing
-Nasal congestion
-Ocular discharge
-Conjuctivitis
-Purulent nasal discharge

☣️And also effects the oral cavity resulting in ulcer development in the:
-Tongue
-Gums
-Buccal mucosa
-Hard palate
-Lips
-Nose
-Painful lameness

☣️A highly fatal strain🧬 of calicivirus also results in a systemic infection causing
jaundice
Anorexia
Leg edema
High fever
MOD

TREATMENT ‼️‼️
There is nor cure, only supportive treatment is provided until the cats immune system develops immunity against the virus itsel.

The disease lasts for about 14-21 days
Virus is shed in the by the recovered animal for atleast 2-3 weeks

🔆PREVENTION 🔆
Vaccine against Feline Calicivirus is one of the core vaccines that needs to be administered to cats of 2-3 months of age!

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14/09/2020

Matting and pelting! ✂️

Cat and dog hairs can become tangled and knotted around itself if frequent grooming and brushing is not carried out..
This most commonly occurs is breeds with a longer coat, curly or fine fur..

When this knotting and matting formation in the animal's hair become prolonged and occurs very tightly and close to the skin.. it is known as pelting!

What happens if matting and pelting occurs❓❓

When matting is very tight to the skin, it prevents the airflow towards the skin
Preventing proper temperature regulation, becomes a hiding spot for various ectoparasites like fleas ticks 🕷🦟 etc and may result in an irritating and painful dermatitis..

13/09/2020

5 months old twin male cats available for adoption!
Litter trained aswell!
Completely indoor cats!
Anyone interested can send us a message!
Location: Islamabad

27/07/2020

Orchidectomy❗️
An year old persian male came in with the complain of the owner that the Tom cat kept spraying urine around the house.. The Tom cat was kept in the clinic for 6 hours to keep him off feed..
and then orchidectomy was performed to control this s*xual response of urine spraying.

25/06/2020

25/05/2020

Stray Dog tortured with a rope cutting its neck... Infested with maggots aswell!!

25/05/2020

Mr. Jack & Mr. Shadow 🤎🖤

12/05/2020

A case of TRAUMATIC EVICERATION OF THE TE**IS in a cat! 🩸
The cat appeared to be caught by a sharp object while astray from its home!.. however the owners brought in the cat a few days later!
As a result the wound was infected and already formed adhesions 🩹 between the scrotal skin and the te**is..

🚧🚧Only a single te**is was removed along with some part of the damaged sc***um
The other te**is was expected to be removed at the time of the traumatic injury!

The prepuce was also damaged! 🩸🩸

Due to late presentation at the clinic... the cat developed signs of sepsis 🦠🦠 and was started on high dosed antibiotics 💊and NSAIDs..

11/05/2020

🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘
"Neutering" is a routine operation performed in cats 🐈and Dogs 🦮as well that involves removal of their reproductive organs😯.. otherwise know in females as spaying and castration in males!

🔴Performing this surgery has multiple benefits concerning for a pet!
This includes:
-Prevention from unwanted pregnancies ☑️
- Unwanted s*xual behaviours at maturity like urinating to mark their territory ☑️
-more affection towards their home and owner ☑️
-less straying away from home which increases their risk in being invloved in road accidents/strayfights/ unwanted s*xual transmission of certain diseases like Feline leukemia , feline aids and so on✅
-reduced risk of uterine infections such as pyometra✅
- spaying at an early age prevents from developing mammary cancer aswell✅

Recommended age to neuter! ‼️
Cats can be spayed as early as 8 weeks old!
But it is recomended to spay them between 4-5 months of age.

✴️ Heres a cat spay performed by team mighty paws! 🐾

29/04/2020

Are you aware of the impact of worldwide? Stay informed, be vigilant – you can help put an end to this deadly disease by having your dog vaccinated.

Take action so that !

29/04/2020

Rinderpest once resulted into numerous deaths of livestock and economic losses. It was through that the disease was eradicated.

to also reduce the devastating effects of other animal diseases like and .

Don’t hesitate, vaccinate!

01/03/2020

VACCINATION_FAILURES

05/02/2020

Look at who we have here with us..

"IT'S A FLEA"
Over 2200 species of fleas are found worldwide. Among them the most prevalent ones are "Ctenocephalides felis" and the "Ctenocephalides canis", commonly known as the cat flea and the dog flea respectively.

🤦🏻‍♂️Fleas result in a severe irritation and itching sensation in animals aswell as in humans aswell..

‼️Also result in flea allergy dermatitis in dogs🐶 and cats🐱..

🧪Fleas also serve as a vector for rickettsial spp. And bartonella spp. And are the intermediate hosts of some filarid and cestode parasites.

25/01/2020

🔬 VAGINAL CYTOLOGY🔬

-Vaginal cytology refers to as the microscopic examination of the cells residing in the vaginal wall in particular importance to the vaginal epithelium.
- It helps to differentiate the various stages of an estrous cycle as a result of the effects of s*x hormones.
-This differentiation helps in determining:
> when the animal is in heat(Estrus) for a natural mate or Artificial insemination
> Helps in determining when to administer exogenous hormonal therapy like P4 or LH..
> Helps to determine the correct time to perform a cesarean if neceassary..
> Helps to determine if the animal is under the influence of estrogen..

🔆VAGINAL EPITHELIUM:
Vaginal epithelium is formed of stratified squamous epithelium with a little degree of keratinisation depending upon the species..

However its squamous layers are divided into 3 layers:(From bottom to Top)
1)The Basal layers
2)The Intermediate layers
3)The Superficial layers

During a normal reproductive cycle, the vaginal epithelium undergoes changes due to the effects of estrogen: With increased estrogen- Increased proliferation of epithelial cells takes place and an increase in epithelial cell layers take place. The cells proliferate and mature and ultimately undergo complete cornification.

-Hormone induced changes also occur in different parts ofvthe female reproductive system but the vaginal epithelium is extremely sensitive to it and therfore its structures are an indicative of estrogen levels and thus indicate the stages of estrous.

The cells of the vaginal epithelium seen in the vaginal smears include:

•BASAL CELLS: Small cells with round nuclei and high nucleus:cytoplasm (N:C) ratio. Gives rise to all epithelial cells from the base of the vaginal epithelium and are rarely seen in vaginal smears

•PARABASAL CELLS: Small round cells with a high N:C ratio

•INTERMEDIATE CELLS: 2-3 times larger than parabasal cells but nuclei similar in size to parabasal cell nuclei. Sizes vary depending on the amount of cytoplasm: They may be large intermediate cells or small intermediate cells.

•SUPERFICIAL CELLS: These are the largest type of epi cells in the smears. These are dead cells whose nuclei become pyknotic and then faded often progressing towards the anucleated forms..

OTHER CELL TYPES IN VAGINAL SMEARS:

⭐️METESTRUM: Vaginal epi cells with Neutrophils in the cytoplasma

⭐️BACTERIA: From Normal vaginal flora or from contaminated slides

⭐️SPERMATIZOA: From mated bi***es

⭐️TROPHOBLAST CELLS: Trophoblast like synctia may also be observed in vaginal smears particularly after parturation

⭐️NAVICULAR CELLS: Boat shaped benign epi cells seen in the pap (papanicolaou) test in order to detect any cancerous or precancerous processes in the cervix or in the colon as well.. maybe due to the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate or maybe seen in second trimester of the pregnancy.

⭐️Endometrial cells,endocervical cells and leucocytes may also be seen.

🦠OBSERVABLE CELLS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF OESTROUS CYCLES:

🩸EARLY PROESTRUS: A Shift from parabasal cells to intermediate and superficial cells
Increased no. Of neutrophils and RBCs. Presence of vaginal mucosa

🩸LATE PROESTRUS: Decrease in Neutrophils and cytology mostly consists of Large intermediate and superficial cells. RBCs and bacteria may be present.

🩸ESTRUS: Presence of a superficial cells with mostly being Anucleated and the rest having small pyknotic fading nucleus. RBCs and bacteria maybe present aswell. No leukocytes.

🩸DIESTRUS: Superficial cells replaced with parabasal and intermediate cells within 1-2 days. Increased no. Of neutrophils
RBCs may be present or absent. Bacteria normally present as normal flora.

🩸ANESTRUS: comprised of intermediate and parabasal cells. Smaller cells with large nuclei. Little number Of neutrophils. No RBCs. Overall Lesser no. of cells.

⁉️Soo.. what do you think is the estrous stage in the following two vaginal smears? 1-2

Comment your Answers below⬇️. 😊😊