NKOKO REPUBLIC

29/04/2022

170 KUROILERS HENS ON SALE
2.7KGS AVERAGE, PRICE;16,000/= ,1YEAR OLD,
CALL;0776190292/0703300002
1 BUYER PREFERRED.

27/04/2022

200 HENS/12 MONTHS @16,000/= ONLY
2.7KGS AVERAGE
CALL DIRECTLY; 0776190292/0703300002

17/04/2022

*Complete package metallic green houses with:*
1. Ultra violet plastic 200 microns
2. Ultra violet insect net
3. Entry disinfectant porch
4. Overhead plastic tank on tank stand
5. Family drip irrigation system
6. Ready to transplant sweet pepper seedlings in potted bags
7. Metallic crop support fitted with barbed wire
*Size 8m * 15m @ UGX. 14M*
*Size 8m * 30m @ UGX.18M*
Call 0788 791901 or 0701 300726

17/04/2022

*COINCIDENCES AND SUPERSTITIONS IN POULTRY FARMING*

African lifestyle is rife with superstitious notions.
Such beliefs govern the daily routines of the people.

Poultry farmers are not left out of this phenomenon. They make hasty and wrong conclusions as a result of ignorance.

I must mention that poultry farming is a science I.e a systematic and organised body of knowledge.
The practices in farming are governed by proven facts and principles.
Decisions made based on hearsay and guesswork are detrimental to poultry success.

It is, therefore, crucial for Poultry farmers to arm themselves with relevant and basic information before commencing operations.

Commercial break:
Coccilip L is the best solution for prevention and treatment of black diarrhea, brown diarrhea, diarrhea with blood, etc. Use only 10 ml of coccilip in every 20 ltr of water for 5 days
Find coccilip in all veterinary shops and pharmacies.

Following the interactions I do have with poultry farmers, I list below a few wrong notions held by many on causation and effect:

Wrong belief 1: Success in farming is by chance or a stroke of luck.
True Position: The idea of luck erroneously absolves the farmer of responsibilities. Successful Poultry farming is a product of passion, diligence, commitment, good management and ingenuity.

Wrong belief 2: Mash feed is inferior to Pelletised feed.
True Position: the nutritive contents in both forms of feeds are essentially the same. They differ primarily in texture.
The supposed merits and demerits of one do not make it inferior or superior to the other.

Wrong belief 3: My birds began to die almost immediately after vaccines were administered.
True Position: vaccines are intended to prevent disease occurrence. Live vaccines may revert to virulence and cause diseases. This will require several days of incubation period.
When disease occurs immediately following vaccine administration, it is a mere coincidence.

Wrong belief 4: My birds developed Coccidiosis when I introduced a particular brand or texture of feeds.
True Position: Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by poor litter management. A sudden change of feed may cause dietary incontinence but not coccidiosis.

Wrong belief 5: Some farmers claim that certain breeds of birds do well at the chick stage but become prone to mortality at growing stages.
True Position: Poor management and technically compromised housing are likely to have a severe effect on grown birds over time.
Younger birds may tolerate thermal stress better.
Exposing birds to unhygienic water and feeds will manifest consequences as the days go by.

Wrong belief 6: Mortality as a result of introducing birds to litter materials such as sawdust or woodshavings.
True Position: Litter materials provides cushioning and absorb moisture. Birds that can identify feed substances need not feed on litter material.

Wrong belief 7: Cockerels and pullets are stronger and more resilient than broilers.
True Position: All species of birds are prone to diseases and mortality if neglected and subjected to poor management practices.

Wrong belief 7: Turkey poults can not feed on their own unless they are raised together with broiler chicks.
True Position: Turkey poults that spend much time on transit do have much stress which makes them unwilling to feed on arrival.

Wrong belief 8: Layers do produce more than one egg in a day.
True Position: Under normal situations, it requires not less than 24 to 26hrs to produce an egg.
A young hen may rarely produce double yolk.
There are even days of break, in which no egg will be seen.

Wrong belief 9: Human adults over 40yrs of age should not eat eggs.
True Position: It has been proven scientifically that even the elderly require eggs for the proper functioning of the heart.

Wrong belief 10: A certain breed of broiler is the best.
True Position: There is no such thing as the best broiler chicks.
All breeds of chicks have unique peculiarities. Broilers are usually purchased for the quality so desired.
Some are broad-breasted, while others have longer thighs.

Presumptions are not facts.
Superstitions are rather irrational and polemical.

Seek scientific recommendations.
I will see you at the top

Note: coccilip L has no withdraw period, does not affect egg production, doesn't affect appetite.

Use coccilip for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.

Vet Aviana services smc LTD
juba plaza container village room A020.
+256707435192

17/04/2022

*ATTAINING THE BEST FROM YOUR BROILERS AT 4 WEEKS*

vet Charles ssekatawa
+256788289811
+256703617508

Farmers are very much interested in raising heavy birds for consumers and Consumers want to buy broilers with higher weights, free from antibiotics.
Even when buyers come to the farm, they want to pick out only the big ones and leave you with the small birds....do u know that when the small birds stay st your farm they are already eating your profits!!!
You you have got to make sure all birds grow uniformly and are taking at once !
How do you achieve uniformity? Look at these pointers for uniformity and weight gain:
A) spacing ( 11 birds per square meter)
B) feed quality( always start with highly digestible feed...in this case pelleted feed is better to start with)
C) number of feeders and drinkers in the house ( avoid competition on feeders and drinkers)
D) feed quantity ( feed is programmed on a weekly basis)
E) Temperature ( you have got to properly regulate temperature so that the birds are not afdect.high temperature causes energy loss and poor growth.)

Read more about sangrovit and how it can help to reduce antibiotics on your farm. Check on www.phytobiotics.com

As a poultry farmer, I’m sure you’re having a number of broilers you are raising to sell for profit making. Put you should know that you can only profit from them if you reduce the days of keeping broilers as well as getting the best weights. In this case, you need supplements that can improve the FCR of your birds so that they can improve feed intake to utilise almost all nutrients from their feed. Do not look further!!!!! Use sangrovit ws in the drinking water of your birds ( dosage; day 1 to day 20, then repeat from day 18 until day 30).
Sangrovit improves weight gain, shortens the fattening period of broilers, improves immunity, reduces mortality at the end of rearing period, and improves return on investments as you save a lot of feed!!!

However, most of you are worried about something. Most or all your broilers are not growing as expected and they have not attained the expected market weight. I understand your worries and how you are feeling right now. But next time follow the above piece of advice so that you can get the best from your broilers!!!

*1)* Sort the broilers according to their sizes and weights
The first thing you need to do is that you should separate your broilers that have similar body size or weight together, and keep them in the same pen. This will eliminate the factor of inequality or survival of the fittest . In addition, they will be able to feed well without being intimidated or cheated by the bigger or weightier broilers.

You can increase the feed given to the set of broilers that have lesser weight, When you do this, you will surely see a difference. Do not limit them with feed....let them eat until they feel full...do this for about a week so that they can pick up on the weights.

*2)* Avoid starving/ Rationing the feed for birds if you want to meet ur target.
I have visited many farms Some of them starve their birds in the name of no money to buy for them feed!!!. In the first place, why should you commit yourself into what you won’t finish? Their is no miracle if you are not giving your broilers the required quantity of feed they need to feed on. If you feed your birds well, they will grow bigger and attract more market prices and if not vice versa. There are cases that even when you feed them with quality feed, they won't grow, it may be as a result of genetic make up, it is advisable you should get your birds from a reputable hatchery.
Note: if the birds have refused to grow in the first 3 weeks, do not expect much from them....so the first 10 days are very important in broiler growth.

*3)* Use feeders that don’t waste feed.
Feeders should also be managed (cleaning, placement, distances, number of birds per feeder, etc.) so that feed consumption is neither an opportunity to beat boredom nor a hurried fight to eat. Quite often a factor that greatly enhances feed efficiency is the correct placement of drinkers close to the feeders, but not so close as to cause feed spoilage. A distance of half a meter btn feeder and drinker is ok.

See you next time.
Yours vet Charles ssekatawa.

www.phytobiotics.com

We create solutions for animals, farmers and producers around the world. Made in Germany. >> Learn more about our feed additives

17/04/2022

VENT PECKING, PR*****ED VENT, CANNIBALISM...

At her farm, mercy's birds have their intestines coming out and pecked as they lay.

This same problem is faced by many farmers, but they suffer in silence....and many times we blame a particular breeder that their birds peck too much

Let's take a look at some of the facts about the cause of the problem

1. Wrong regulation of growth of the birds during the grower phase.....when I was in a training in mukono, I taught about regulation of growth through proper light management, avoiding over feeding , taking average weekly weights, uniformity etc.....if you don't do all this, the birds will get such problems when they grow old. These are the same birds which start laying when they are under age ( nga tezinetuuka)....

Solution; we should not force the birds to lay when they are still young. It's very bad. 18 to 20 weeks is safer to start laying than 16 or 17 weeks

2. Too much boosting of the birds; the so called egg boosters and heavy vitamins that you always supplement your birds have a lot of nutrients which many times make the eggs very big to an extent that the birds' small vent cannot handle......awo enkoko nezepasula😀

Solution:
The premix you have in the feed is enough to give your birds good and well balanced vitamins. Let no remarketing vets mislead you into egg boosters

Too much of eggboosting on these starting layers will burst their behinds

3. Mineral imbalalnce

Dealers of concentrates are fighting hard to have their formulations cheaper than the other competitors....so many times they have ended up with imbalance of minerals in the complete feed.

Among these minerals is the calcium.

Inadequate calcium in feed leads to weak bones, weak eggshells, cage layer fatigue, more damages in eggs and *weak muscles*
The muscles that hold back the vent after laying become weak and just leave the vent out....so exposing the vent to being pecked by other birds.

Solution:
Add good quality lime in feed, in its rightful amounts in the feed. Do not adulterate your feed with excess broken maize too.
You also need SANGROMIX ACTIVE D feed.
the sangromix active D helps in proper metabolism of calcium, improving liver function, stopping damaged eggs , stopping leg paralysis and cage layer fatigue. 300g of sangromix active D in a tonne of feed.

Lime or shells? Which one is better
Lime ( preferably white lime) is readily available calcium for utilisation. So it puts less burden on the intestine during digestion....and works faster than shells. White and granulated lime are more pure than shells.
Shells have to go under serious digestion to get out the calcium. Shells carry a % of sand so you will need a bit more shells than lime.....dirty shells too can be a cause of disease.

4. Heat stress.
At one farm, the birds lost feathers and remained naked simply because they had a lot of heat from the roof! The house was too short, and this problem used to happen only during the dry season.
So, because the behind of the birds was naked, these other birds could easily see the ka vent coming out as the bird lays the egg and they started pecking.....even after laying, these birds as they try to prick off the feathers in a way of cooling their bodies from the heat, a little blood came out which attracted other birds to peck...
This behind of the bird what you always call the ntwingiri is always pecked because of this

Solution:
Plan the houses very well! With proper ventilation

5. Debeaking
I do not have mercy on beaks. Even if it leads to too much pain, I have to cut off the beaks using this pair of scissors ( looks like a pruner but a bit smaller)

The last time our own LEILA forced us to use electronic debeaker, she lost birds oba how many! that's my experience! What about yours?

Debeaking should always be done right, by the right person, at the right time( 10 to 12 weeks) and handle the stress after debeaking using SANGROVIT WS 2 days before and 2 days after. Actually sangrovit works on different types of stress.

6. Design of laying boxes.
Your laying boxes should be properly covered to give enough darkness when the bird is laying....otherwise if it's very exposed by too much ligh, these birds will easily peck since they see other's behind when they are laying.

Try to place the laying boxes in a dark place, not direct in the sun or where theres a lot of light.

Supplement your birds on sangrovit to control stress after debeaking, after vaccinations, deworming, transportation ( brooder) and all other kinds of stress. Sangrovit also improves broiler weight gain.

Find sangrovit and sangromix active D in all vetshop, vet pharmacies, josca farmers world, kafiika animal feeds.
Or call 0788289811
0703617508

17/04/2022

*UNDERSTANDING THE LIVER AS THE MOST IMPORTANT ORGAN IN THE CHICKEN*

The liver performs a number of
metabolic functions in the body.

Since this organ receives almost all
the substances absorbed from the
small intestine, it always needs to
be maintained in the state of *rocket engine*

We consider the liver to be the central laboratory of the body!

Avoidance of excess fats , excess feeding , excess use of antibiotics, and mycotoxicosis shall always receive top priority because the resultant
impaired fat metabolism could lead
to serious economic losses.

Certain
nutritional alterations with the use
of PHYTOBIOTICS' new product *ACTIVE D* help protect
the liver and improve calcium metabolism. The liver is *undoubtedly the central laboratory of a chicken’s body*.

Many cage farmers have had un usual mortalities, reduced performance, reduced appetite, very pale combs, weak legs and birds un able to stand...... but the cause / problem is related to liver damage. Though the bird may look seemingly healthy!

*Fatty Liver Syndrome*

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome
(FLHS) occurs primarily in birds kept
in cages and a bit older than 35weeks, but has also been recognised
as a less significant problem in birds
kept on deep litter. It is associated with
birds fed high energy diets and is
most often seen in cage system, because birds in cages do not exercise off the excess fats that are converted from the excess energy from their diet! You know a cage is like a factory, *eat, lay eggs, sit* so without any exercise, a bird accumulates a lot of fats from the feed and are deposited in the liver.

Many farms ( even those on deep litter) using concentrates ( because of too much maize used) suffer from fatty liver syndrome.....but many farmers cannot understand it!

With time, the fats in the liver will affect calcium metabolism causing cage paralysis or cage layer fatigue!
These fats as well lead to swelling of liver, turning yellowish, and the liver eventually raptures.

The first sign of the syndrome is an
increase in mortality of the flock with
birds in full production being found
dead with *pale heads* ( pale combs, pale wattles, and areas around the eyes)
When you open the bird, its visible that the liver is swollen, yellowish, Ruptured with blood clot embedded around the liver, and more cases of cage paralysis are isolated

*the birds reduce appetite , eating only 50g of feed per bird!*

*mortality* usually
does not reach 50% if the situation is not rescued in time.

there is often
a sudden drop in production. Hens
may be *overweight* with large pale
combs and wattles.

Dead birds have
large blood clots in the abdomen arising
from the liver. The clot can be on the liver, or around the pulmonary vein, and some times blood may pass through the mouth as the bird struggles for its life.

The liver is generally
*enlarged* pale and friable.

Large
amounts of fat are present in the
abdominal cavity and around the
viscera. That is, around the intestines, around the gizzard, and on the lower abdomen.

Note that whenever you find too much fat embedded around the abdomen its not healthy for the chicken.

Most of the birds have active
ovaries and often have an egg in the
oviduct at the time of death!

*The cause* and origin of the disease is associated with high laying intensity,
excess energy in feed, high temperature in the house. (high temperature
leads to increased hepatic fatty acid
synthesis)

*mycotoxins* that come from feed ingredients.

*Treatment*

The incidence of fatty liver syndrome can be reduced
by restricting energy intake either by
feed restriction or by lowering the
metabolizable energy content of the
diet.

A farmer using a wheat based formula is better off than a farmer using a maize based formula!

Cage farms should feed not more than 120g per day per bird.

ALL CAGE FARMS SHOULD ADD ACTIVE D IN THE FEED TO STOP EFFECTS OF FATTY LIVER SYNDROME AND IMPROVE CALCIUM METABOLISM . ADD 300G OF ACTIVE D IN 1000KG OF FEED.

supplement your birds on sangrovit ws in the water with a monthly dose of 1g in 20ltrs of water for 10 days to improve general health of the birds, fight all kinds of stress, improve appetite, improve egg production, and improve growth rate.

VET CHARLES SSEKATAWA

PHYTOBIOTICS FUTTERZUSATZSTOFFE GMBH

www.phytobiotics.com

We create solutions for animals, farmers and producers around the world. Made in Germany. >> Learn more about our feed additives

17/04/2022

*CHICKS QUALITY AS A BIOSECURITY MEASURE*

I remember about 3 years ago, a certain local breeder used to give out chicks which started showing clinical signs of cough and flu straight from day 1 and could persist up to offlaying !

Another farmer in Katosi was given 3000 birds, lost 1000 chicks in the first week, the company accepted its mistake and compaseted her with 1500 chicks which failed to lay eggs up to 7 months.

Now you know what I mean by chicks quality!

Good quality chicks are those whose Umblicus is properly healed, with both eyes open, energetic enough and can turn around it placed upside down in your palm! Good quality chicks always have an average weight of 38g to 45g on day 1. They do not have any droppings stuck on their behind. Once placed in the brooder, they should be actively running around.

Poor quality chicks placed in the brooder start showing signs of disease like brownish and black diarrhea in the first 6 hours, water coming out of their unhealed umblicus, some eyes being closed, being unable to stand or walk, falling down and resting on their chests , dullness and very high mortality. Poor quality chicks have big berries and on opening at about 4 days you find the egg yolk was never absorbed properly a

Other abnormalities include twisted beaks, three legs, lameness, twisted heads on day 1.

Farmers must place orders for day old chicks from companies that are known to be free of Mycoplasmosis ( that's the persistent cough) , companies that clean and disinfect their hatcheries and hatching eggs very well ( contaminated hatcheries and eggs are sources of colibacilosis). Parent stocks that lay hatching eggs must be salmonella free !

Commercial Farmers and breeders should know that there are diseases that cross from parent stock to the chick, but these can be avoided if you buy chicks from disease free parent stocks.

The following are the signs of disease in chicks ranging from day 1 to day 10 and how to treat them:

1.Twisted necks below 7 days is not a sign of Newcastle! Your birds need Vitamin E ! but this can also come from the parent stock or quality of feed.

2. Weak chicks resting on their chests, unable to stand, brownish/blackish diarrhea in the first 5 days, pasted vents and mucus in one or both eyes, swollen belly are signs of colibacilosis resulting either from contamination in hatchery or contaminated feed and water or poorly disinfected brooder.....and the remedy for this is enrosal with sangrovit for 3 days.

Farmers can avoid such problems through proper:
1. Dry cleaning ( I tought you this )
2. Wet cleaning ( using disinfectants and cleaners)
3. Proper cleaning of water lines
4. Giving non contaminated feed, and purely clean water.

*giving sangrovit ws in the brooder should be a must* and give it for 5 to 7 days consecutively to reduce chances of disease, reduce mortality, improve appetite, improve growth.

17/04/2022

*GREAT FARM WORKER FACTS*

Solid Facts About Great Farm Workers

Working with great farm workers is the way to go if farmers really want to get the best experience out of Poultry farming business.
Let me tell you about the characteristics of great farm workers.

1. Great Farm Workers Are Goal Setters. They are always telling the farm owners about the goals they want to achieve. At one farm, a poultry attendant never feels okay if his birds do not lay up to 95% in deep litter, and will do all his best to achieve it!
Do your farm boys set goals at your farm?

2. Great Farm Workers Are Very Honest. They will never compromise their integrity. They will rather resign than steal. A good poultry man never takes away even a damaged egg for eating before asking for it !
Any worker who sells manure without the knowledge of the farm owner should be fired! How dare you sell a tray of eggs when I haven't told you to do so?

3. Great Farm Workers Are Always Productivity Conscious. They will often work against wastage and lazy tendencies among fellow workers. You know I use devide and rule policy at my farm! So these workers keep on reporting each other to me once one is seen not working or doing anything that may affect production.

4. Great Farm Workers Are Always Profit Conscious. They know that it is very easy to go for losses in poultry farming if one is not careful and they always work against this trend. They never leave dirty drinkers and dirty water in the poultry house! They serve feed in time.
5. Great Farm Workers Are Willing To Make Sacrifices. They will sacrifice energy and time to make the farm project work.

6. Great poultry Farm Workers Are Always Growth Conscious. They know that their mission is principally to grow the farm every year with tangible profits.

7. Great poultry Farm Workers Always Believe They Are Working For No One But Themselves. They are not deceived into thinking that they are working for anyone. They deeply know that as they lay their beds today they will lie on it one day. So they always give their very best.

So, now that you know the qualities of a good poultry worker, you will be able to make right decisions when recruiting workers......

Yours,
Vet Charles ssekatawa
0788289811.
0703617508

17/04/2022

*GUMBORO DISEASE - INFECTIOUS BURSA DISEASE ( IBD):*

🔆STEP BY STEP MITIGATION;

♏Mitigation means reducing risk of loss from occurrence of an undesirable event. In other words, it simply means to minimize the degree of any loss or harm.

☮️The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something or any disaster.

♉Gumboro Disease can not be successfully treated,so if there is a risk of this disease,vaccination is the best way.

🙆🏿‍♂️ The virus is resistant to a number of disinfectants 🙊 wangyi hmmmm

*NOTE‼️* There is no treatment for IBD because it is a highly infectious viral disease but support therapies such as vitamins and electrolytes supplements and Antibiotics at a certain stage to treat any secondary bacterial infections may reduce the impact of the disease; actually if done in done oh you succeed & overcome.

*Look* 🙊 Depopulation and rigorous DISINFECTION of contaminated farms / environment has achieved some limited success in preventing disease spread.

*THE MITIGATION*

🛑 IBD; Infectious Bursal Disease commonly known as Gumboro is one of the deadliest Poultry diseases.

🔆 It stems from the area it was first recognized in GUMBORO DISTRICT, DELWARE,USA in 1962.

👹 It affects birds between 2 to 6 weeks though birds up to 8 weeks can be affected.

It is characterized by death of very many birds of age between 2 to 8 weeks mortality rate of over 60-80% with in a short time.

💀 Causing *IMMUNE* *SUPPRESSION* , giving chances of other diseases to infect the birds, so higher chances of mixed infections ☝️please note that one📍

*POSTMORTEM FINDINGS*

1️⃣ Hemorrhages of the thigh and chest muscles.

2️⃣ Inflammation of the bursa of the Fabritius. The virus destroys the lymph cells within the cloacal BURSA ( of fabricus), tonsil, & spleen.

👹 I repeat❗The virus which causes Gumboro disease usually affects the lymph cells in the cloaca, tonsils and the spleen.

♨️ And other most common signs may include;

♒ Shivering and trembling.

♓ Crowding in groups.

♋ High mortality

*TRANSMISSION*‼️

🤡 It is transmitted from infected flock to non infected flock.

😡 The virus persists in the poultry house for a long period of time especially in non cemented floors and walls.

*STEP BY STEP MITIGATION* at Jeni farms Ltd

*Step one*

💔 The VET DR first treats the farm owner emotionally, to calm down in the struggle to save the birds, Because it can traumatize the farmer seriously.

*Step two*

Separate all the weak and sick birds if possible.

*Step three*

Re- brood birds again,return hot pots in the house to provide heat, since IBD kills more in cold environment.

*Step four*

Mist the poultry house with infected birds with a strong disinfectant to minimize the transmission from infected to non infected flocks the infected droppings.

💢Re- vaccinate immediately after realizing the presence of the disease,don't wait.

*NOTE* ;

This is to kill virus and avoid infecting healthy birds but do it with care 🙏🙏🙏

*Step five*

Mix glucose and vitamins administer in water and Antibiotics to check on the spread of multiple infections after the immunity of birds is suppressed.

*Read this carefully* ‼️

Gumboro requires RE-VACCINATION at start of the infection / out break. I know most of the vets here will not agree with me but get it right friends and family,do it immediately after realizing the presence of the Gumboro disease before high mortalities ,it will save many my dear. The vial is always less than 15,000/-

*Step six*

Always half fill the drinkers and feeders to enable birds drink on fresh medicated water so first, and replace both more often.

*Step seven*

Give small fresh feeds but more often, to enable birds eat it faster ,faster .

*BELOW* ‼️

THE FOLLOWING ARE VERY COMMON CAUTIONS FROM THE VETS but am telling you when you do contrally in time, you will save very many birds and I have done this myself I don't regret my dear friends.

*Common cautions*

1️⃣ Never and never introduce an Antibiotics in this struggle, yes it's true but do you introduce is the most important.

It will be burdening the liver the more and more deaths will happen.

2️⃣ Don't not inject birds in this struggle ✅

3️⃣ Don't vaccinate birds in this struggle yes but it's long as you re-vaccinate it in time on the on set ,you will save very Birds.

17/04/2022

*BASIC FEEDING PRINCIPLES FOR CHICKS*

1️⃣ Do not change the feed if chicks / birds do not reach the standard body weights.

2️⃣ Promote early growth, skeleton and organ development by providing feed in crumble form ( pellets) for starter diet for at least 3 -4 weeks ( one month) and preferably up to 5 weeks of age.

3️⃣ Use a uniform and coarse mash feed for grower, developer , and Pre- lay feed.

4️⃣ Promote development of digestive tract and feed intake capacity by feeding management ( fibre , course calcium and grit l Sand ).

Layers are naturally poor feeders or eaters. During the first weeks of life, layer chicks are incapable of regulating their energy intake according to the energy concentration of the diet.

☝️ It takes weeks to develop the digestive tract.

‼️ During the first 8-10 weeks, any increase in the energy level is accompanied by an increase in growth.

📝 And this will be achieved when given feed in a crumb ( pellets) form, young layer chicks ( pullets) can increase their feed intake.

💥 This rearing stage of life is the investment stage failure to attain targets ,you will not get anything from layers please let's treat this as important

*THANK YOU* ‼️

17/04/2022

*WHAT POOR LITTER MANAGEMENT MAY LEAD YOU TO;*

1️⃣Litter material should be spread evenly to a depth of 4-6 inches ( that's twice the length of your second finger) and it must be dust free. Dusty litter and poor aeration can greatly contribute on respiratory challenges in your flock. Be watchful‼️

2️⃣ A variety of materials can be used - wood shavings NOT saw dust, straw, coffee husks

3️⃣ The litter and flooor should be kept in a dry and friable condition throughout the life of flock.

4️⃣ *NOTE* The litter should not be wet, caked or dusty.

5️⃣ Wet or caked litter increases the incidence of COCCIDIOSIS, RESPIRATORY infections , resistant E- coli, hocks burns and breast blisters.

*TO MAINTAIN THE LITTER QUALITY*

♓ Regular turn the litter on a daily basis

♈ Make sure the litter is 4-6 inches in depth please

⚛️ Raise the feeders and drinkers on the chest level of Avery stage of life to avoid spillage.

☮️ Ensure Proper ventilation, flow of oxygen, and proper escape of cabin dioxide originating from the droppings on the floor and the surrounding.

🔯 Avoid overcrowding,; by FOLLOWING the proper stocking rates/ spacing;

From day one to 14 days ( 2weeks) 30 chicks per square metre

From 15 days of age to 21 days atleast 15 birds per square metre

From 22 days of age ( 3weeks) to sale they should be at 11 birds per square metre, that's for BROILERS but for layers from mature birds at stocked at 5 birds per square metre Maximumly

♋ Ensure proper distribution of feeders and drinkers and they be enough

Each small baby plastic drinker serves 50 chicks then a bigger drinker serves between 70 to 100 birds

Each wooden feeders of any size at any stage of life serves 25 chicks

♒ Remove wet / caked litter patches especially around the drinkers

💢 Ensure enough feeding and drinking space for better uniformity ( the same size of all birds in the flock).

*STAY AWAKE*