11/28/2025
Owning a dog reduces dementia risk by encouraging a lifestyle that includes more physical activity, social interaction, and stress reduction. These lifestyle factors are known to support overall brain health.
▶️The primary mechanisms identified by research include:
📑Increased Physical Activity: Dog ownership, particularly the need for daily walks, promotes regular, moderate-intensity exercise. Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular health and blood flow to the brain, which in turn stimulates brain function and cell growth, helping to prevent the abnormal protein build-up associated with dementia.
📑Enhanced Social Interaction: Walking a dog often leads to interactions with other people, such as neighbors or other pet owners at a dog park, which helps combat social isolation. Social isolation is a major risk factor for cognitive decline, and increased social engagement helps keep the brain active.
📑Reduced Stress and Loneliness: The companionship and unconditional love provided by a dog can reduce feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Interacting with a pet can also trigger the release of “love hormones” like oxytocin, which helps lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Chronic stress is considered a risk factor for dementia.
📑Mental Stimulation and Routine: Caring for a dog involves routines like feeding and grooming, which provide a sense of purpose and responsibility. This mental engagement and structure can help maintain cognitive function, particularly verbal memory and fluency, among older adults.
Studies have noted that these benefits are more pronounced in dog owners who maintain a regular exercise habit and are not socially isolated. In contrast, cat ownership did not show the same significant effect on reducing dementia risk in these studies, likely because it does not involve the same level of mandatory physical activity and social interaction.
PMID: 37860160