04/05/2023
Reproduction Topic: Pyometra
Pyometra is a topic that I feel should be discussed more frequently, so here we go! Pyometra is actually quite common where about 25% of all unspayed dogs will develop a pyometra as some point, but it seems when it does happen that people are uninformed about it. I think the problem stems from either no personal experience with Pyometra or the lack of knowledge about it, both can be compensated for by taking the time to read, research, or ask questions from those more experienced. There are literally hundreds of thousands of people breeding dogs across the world, but it seems that frequently when I mention that pyometra word, I get a deer in the headlights look like they have absolutely no idea what I’m referencing, and it’s ok. I’m surprised, but I’m also somewhat alarmed at the amount of people breeding dogs that aren’t educating themselves about some of the various important topics that pertain to breeding dogs and whelping litters, I hope to change that. I understand we don’t all have the same level of breeding knowledge and experience, but if you are breeding dogs or investing 1000’s of dollars on a dog that you intend to use as a prospect for breeding, you should definitely be informed or at least familiar with Pyometra.
Here’s some free knowledge!!!
What is Pyometra: Pyometra is a condition that occurs in unspayed female dogs where their uterus becomes infected. Most people think there are only 2 types of pyometra, there are actually 3, Open, Closed, and Stump. For the purpose of this discussion, we will cover Open and Closed. Pyometra can be a life-threatening condition for the animal.
What causes Pyometra? A female dogs ovaries create hormones (more specifically estrogen and progesterone) these hormones influence a dogs estrus cycle, or more commonly referred to as their heat cycle. While the estrus cycle is happening, the uterus is preparing for a potential pregnancy. While this is going on, the eggs or ova are developing to a point in which they are ready to be fertilized. If a dog is not bred during this cycle or a pregnancy doesn't occur the body will go back into a resting cycle (won't show as in estrus) until it is time for the next cycle to begin. The cervix of a dog is considered to be the gatekeeper of the Uterus, its open or closed. When a cervix is open (in estrus) the cervix will allow the male dogs s***m into the female dog's uterus to fertilize the eggs or ova. Here is where things get a little tricky, while that cervix is open and those muscles are relaxed to allow for the semen to fertilize the eggs, it is also an open gate for bacteria to enter through and make its way to the uterus. When the walls of the uterus and cervix are weakened, bacteria can enter but can't be expelled because it is not able to contract and expel it on its own due to the cervix being relaxed for fertilization. Bacteria can come from many sources to include Urinary tract infections, normal flora that naturally live on the skin, or bacteria from f***l matter. Also, in order for a uterus to support a pregnancy the blood flow to the uterus is increased to allow for changes in the uterine lining, this can create thickening of the lining of the uterus which can also lead to cysts. When these changes occur, bacteria have the ideal elements for an infection to manifest. Pyometra can happen at any point during estrus but is commonly seen 4-6 weeks post estrus.
What are the signs? Generally, in a case of open pyometra, you will see pus or abnormal colored discharge coming from the v***a that may have a foul odor. Generally, dogs with pyometra open or closed will have an increased thirst and urination because the body is trying to flush out the toxins from the infection. Generally, symptoms of a closed pyometra are more serious and can escalate quickly, it's important to look for signs of decreased appetite, weakness, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea and get your dog to a licensed veterinarian if you notice any of these signs. Note: in a closed pyometra, you will not be able to see any pus or discharge from the v***a. Dogs with a closed pyometra may present with a bloated abdomen or have a pot belly appearance. Untreated pyometra can lead to sepsis, ruptured uterus and death is possible as well due to toxins from the bacteria causing the infection.
I am not a veterinarian; this is personal knowledge based on my personal experience. Just sharing to help others.
