06/16/2025
Puppies! ...
Puppies go through several developmental stages so let's chat a bit about what they are experiencing and approaches to training.
Socialization Period:
- 3 to 14 weeks (or 16, depending on who you ask)
- Curious
- Rapid learning
- Forming critical associations
- Open to new experiences and less fearful
Focus on socializing with people, other dogs, animals, sounds, experiences, and novel experiences to help develop confidence and resilience.
Training sessions should be short, 2-5 minutes long several times a day, utilizing food, toys, and praise to reinforce behaviors. Work on name recognition, targeting, sit, down, recall foundations, introduction to leash skills, body handling, impulse control, crate training, separation training, and polite greetings. Reinforce calm behavior. Start mat training. Consider that behaviors learned as puppies will be behaviors you will see as an adult, so address what you want to see early on. Puppies don't simply "grow out" of behaviors.
Juvenile and Adolescent Period:
- 3 to 6 and then 6 to 16 months (or thereabouts)
- Increased confidence and independence
- Increased energy and less impulse control
- Around 6 to 8 months they enter adolescence, where their brain starts to change
- Start to test boundaries to see how much control they have over their environment
- Possible fear periods
Continue building on prior skills and increase difficulty of your asks. Start adjusting the 3 Ds, one at a time. Continue with working on leash skills and mat work. Focus on rewarding calm in different scenarios to assist with emotional regulation. Wait, leave it, settle (mat work in new areas). Start tug work after teething is complete at 6 months (this works well for dogs who have a solid play drive and addresses impulse control). Keep sessions shorter, but you can increase their length depending on the skill you are working on and where your dog is at emotionally. Maintain positive reinforcement. When adolescence hits, you may need to take a few steps back to help your dog through fear periods or through those times he may find learning difficult (due to the hormonal changes his body is going through). Remember, your dog at 6+ months of age is like a teenager- he isn't intentionally ignoring you or engaging in behaviors to 'get back' at you. He is struggling emotionally and cognitively, which may be more evident at some times than others. Address any new behaviors that may pop up as maturing progresses. You may see new behaviors such as jumping, barking, digging, or destruction of items your dog has access to. Stay patient and be as consistent as possible.
Adulthood:
- 16 to 24 + months (depending on the breed, some may mature sooner or later)
- Preferences may change on what dogs they want to engage with, if any
- Mental and emotional maturity
- More consistent energy (fewer spurts)
- Less impulsive
These dogs still require mental and physical stimulation but their moods will be more stable and they will be able to think more clearly on a more consistent basis. Habits they learned as puppies tend to become ingrained - this goes for both habits you like, and habits you may have let them "get away" with. It is much better to teach manners while the dog is young. They can be addressed once the dog matures, but it can take a lot longer to effect change as the dog has a longer reinforcement history of the behavior in question (ie. jumping up to greet).
Most important of all, enjoy your puppy! Build your relationship through positive training and remember to take a deep breath and be patient when things don't go as planned. Dog training isn't a straight line. You and your dog both will have good days and bad days. Its better to end a training session or even give several days off rather than forcing your dog. He won't learn if he can't think clearly, whether its due to stress, anxiety, fear, or even overstimulation due to excitement.
Do you have a new puppy and are not sure where to start? Or an adolescent that seems to be out of control? Let's chat!