11/04/2021
Alright everyone, here is a long one for you.
Vaginal cultures in the healthy bitch and why some girls seem to only have litters when using antibiotics during breeding.
This may be an unpopular opinion but I feel as though va**nal cultures are unnecessary in a healthy female, regardless of the breed. Do they have a purpose and can they be useful in certain cases? Absolutely. However, this is no reason that a maiden bitch should have to have a va**nal culture to breed with a stud dog. The female should have brucellosis testing and an exam performed by a veterinarian, but a va**nal culture is not needed. Let's discuss why....
** The va**na is never a clean environment. There will almost always be bacteria found, even in a healthy female with no fertility concerns. There have even been multiple studies showing mycoplamsa cultured from females that had normal litters and no fertility concerns.
** A va**nal culture will not always be an accurate representation of what is found in the uterus. The cervix acts as a bridge from the va**na to the uterus, and this "bridge" is only open at certain times. If a va**nal culture is performed to determine flora of the uterus, it should be done at a certain time of the cycle. Also, even if the "bridge" is open, it does not guarantee that the bacteria will cross that bridge into the va**na.
So when should a va**nal culture be performed?
1. If your female is having large amounts of va**nal discharge
2. If there is a late term abortion of fetuses
3. If there are multiple missed breedings regardless of breeding management and good quality semen. The results must be interpreted carefully.
Why else would my otherwise healthy female miss a breeding?
-The causes of missed breedings/infertility is a very long list including genetic discrepancies, cystic ovaries/uterus, nutrition, underling disease, stress, etc...
Lastly, you may be thinking, "well I know a female that every time she takes antibiotics when she comes into heat has a large litter, so she must have an infection in her uterus".
I will agree with you, there are some females that seem to only have a litter if placed on antibiotics during breeding. HOWEVER, my opinion is not that she has an underlying infection we are treating, but that post-breeding endometritis is playing a role in her infertility.
Post breeding endometritis is very well documented in the mare, but has not been studies as well in our beloved dogs and cats. A breeding whether it is TCI, natural breeding, va**nal insemination, or all of the above will cause a self-liming endometritis from the introduction of semen, bacteria, and other debris into the uterus after breeding. Most females do not have a problem with this and the inflammation will actually help clear the uterus of these inflammatory products. However, there are some females that will have an continued inflammatory reaction that will reduce conception rates. The antibiotics and anti-inflammatories that some administer at time of breeding may help with this process.
There is so much more I could discuss about post-breeding endometritis, and let us not forget those cystic ovaries and uterus causing infertility. There will be a post in the future about cysts, and more on post-breeding endometritis if you would like to learn more.
What do you want to learn about next?
Brittany Shumack, DVM