12/09/2022
Can horses be neurotic?
Neuroticism is the characteristic of being and reacting consistently negatively. Psychologists debate whether neuroticism is a fundamental component of personality or a behavioral adaptation due, usually, to trauma.
I choose to see everything as caused. The alternative - assuming behavior is just part of a creature’s nature - leads to the conclusion of “oh, well… that’s just how she is”.
Not very optimistic, is it?
Humans and horses are logical creatures. They build “rules” for their lives based on experiences, an accumulated lifetime of causes and effects catalogued into millions of little “rules” that give predictability to life. As it should be.
But sometimes, an animal or a child forms a “rule” that leads to unpleasant or seemingly unproductive or even neurotic behavior. This is not a fixed personality trait but a distorted, self-fulfilling world view.
I knew a beautiful gelding who was a doll in the cross ties but a total bastard to anyone who came near his stall. You could certainly call his barn behavior neurotic! The barn had Dutch doors and cement block walls, so the only socialization the horses got was hanging their heads out the open top. This particular gelding had someone formed the “rule” that anyone coming up to his stall was going to be mean to him. So, being a really smart boy, he decided the best defense was a good offense: he lunged at and tried to bite anyone who came up to his stall! Something who knows how long ago caused the rule to be formed and, like most neurotic behavior, it was self-reinforcing. Everybody who came up to his stall DID get mad at him, but they didn't get close enough to hurt him. Or they just walked away at the first hint of aggression. To people, he was neurotic. To him, he was successfully protecting himself. And it worked every time.
When I met him, I had just finished reading “Don’t Shoot the Dog” by Karen Pryor. A dog-friend of mine had given it to me. On the surface it’s about clicker training your dog, but there is so much more to it. I highly recommend it. There are a few examples of human-induced neurotic behavior in there that got me thinking.
I decided that I was going to try to change this gelding’s “rule”. The first step was to recognize that his rule "worked" for him. Nobody could get close enough to beat him! It's like the dog who barks viciously at the mailman: "Successfully protected home from invasion again. Day 3,431".
One morning, I walked up to his stall, close enough to “trigger” him, but just out of reach. Then I waited. He thrashed around for a couple minutes and then got a confused look when I didn't leave. That was the response he expected. The minute he stopped acting threatening, I held out my hand with a sugar cube in it and moved toward him. Which, of course, triggered him again. Step back again. Wait. Repeat.
I spent probably 30 minutes with him that day. Approach, back off slightly, wait, repeat. Over and over. I couldn’t explain to the horse that I wasn't threatening to him. I couldn't put him on the couch and ask him about his childhood. I couldn't hypnotize him. I didn’t have the language to say “trust me, if you just try something different, something different might happen”. The only thing I could do was demonstrate his “behavior” didn’t fully succeed. Over and over and over. Until he got irritated enough (or maybe eager-for-sugar enough) that he finally tried something else. The first time he DIDN’T respond with aggression when I stepped toward him, he got a huge “atta boy, that’s it!”. But - of course - I wasn’t close enough to get the sugar to him. Not yet. And then I'd pushed him too far, and he would revert to threatening me. Which again, didn't work the way he thought it would. Eventually he realized that his "rule" was "broken" with me, and finally he tried his "something different" again, and again it was rewarded as much as possible. Only a few minutes after that first attempt on his part to try something different, I was walking up to an eager horse, ears pricked forward, looking for a treat and enjoying scritches while he chomped on his sugar.
He had learned that threatening me didn't completely work. But more importantly, he had learned a new behavior that could allow him to let go of the old one. By teaching him that standing quietly got him a reward, and NOT punishment, he stopped being convinced he had to defend himself against me coming up to his stall. That he could be safe and even rewarded by being nice!
He was my friend from then on.
When people saw me hanging out with him and petting and scratching him, they thought he was a new horse. And they approached him as if he WAS a new horse. And so, he became that friendly trusting horse with more and more people. Threatening people was no longer his first choice of responses. I imagine that behavior was still in there. If confronted with an aggressive stall cleaner, for instance, I’m sure it was still in his toolbox. But it was no longer his go-to move.
When we refer to ingrained behaviors in horses (and people, for that matter) we are usually thinking of those behaviors we consider "bad". "Pushy", "Aggressive" and "Temperamental", for instance. We tend to think of these as fundamental character traits. We shouldn't. They are patterns of behavior based on rules the horse has created from his experiences about how the world works. Rules govern EVERYTHING about our interaction with horses, for better or for worse. And the only way to change a "rule" is to challenge it, make it not work. Or to help the horse find a rule that works "better".
Next time your horse tests a rule, try to think of it in a different light. You will forever be teaching new rules and refining old rules throughout your relationship with your horse. When you first teach a canter depart, it’s acceptable if the horse eventually ends up cantering. Later you will teach a half halt “warning” followed by an “and NOW” canter signal. To do that, the old answer has to stop being good enough. Training requires continuous adjusting and refining of rules. And they always require the initiative of a horse willing to “try something” without knowing for certain it is right. Ultimately, training a horse relies on the horse being comfortable “testing” new answers, and not being afraid of being wrong.
Think about this next time your horse tries “pulling” on you during leading. They are just checking to see if the rule still applies because they’d really just prefer to get where you are going faster. Can you really blame them? A simple “nope” is the appropriate response for a simple, honest question. Not punishment. Not 3 seconds of fear. Just a simple “rule still applies” answer and move forward.
An honest question is never wrong. Answering honestly (but incorrectly) must never be punished.