10/01/2024
October is breast cancer awareness month. Did you know that venom could hold an important key in future options for cancer patients?
A potential new cancer therapy called CB-24 was derived from the venom of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) and could be effective for the treatment of solid tumors and cancers. It bypasses healthy cells and selectively targets and attacks the surface of malignant cells, allowing for an influx of calcium ions - ultimately destroying them.
During pre-clinical in vivo trials, CB-24 showed 83% growth inhibition in Lewis lung carcinoma, 69% in MX-1 human mammary carcinoma, and 44% in HL-60 leukemia cells. The lower activity in the leukemia cells may suggest CB-24 is more specifically effective against solid tumors. The research has advanced to phase 1 human trials, which are designed only to establish safety (not effectiveness). These trials are already exceeding researcher expectations, as clinical responses in patients as well as analgesic properties of the drug have already been reported.
While it hasn't been used in human trials or treatment, Contortrostatin, a protein found in copperhead venom, has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumors, slow angiogenesis (the growth of blood vessels into the tumor that supply it with nutrients and allow the tumor to grow and spread), and also helped prevent metastasis (the spread of cancer cells to new areas of the body) in studies of mice implanted with human breast cancer cells. 🐁
These are not the first time that snake venom has been the basis of medical research and treatment! 🧪🧫💉
Other drugs derived from snake venoms include the antiplatelet drugs eptifibatide, which contains a modified venom protein which was discovered in the dusky pygmy rattlesnake, and tirofiban, which contains a venom protein from the African saw-scaled viper. Captopril, an antihypertensive drug that was the first to be approved in the US in 1981 was developed from bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) found in the venom of the Bothrops jararaca snake.