10/29/2024
Patterdale Terrier
Descended from the Northern terrier breeds of the early 18th century, originally bred in Patterdale, Lake District. The origins of the breed can be traced back to the cross breeding of The Old English Terrier (the original black terrier) and the Northumberland Pit Terrier (now extinct) and later to the Lake District, specifically to Ullswater Hunt master Joe Bowman, an early Border Terrier breeder. where he used the best Red Fell terriers and the best local hunting terriers available to him, so that he could continue his efforts to refine the breed even further. The breed did not gain notability until Cyril Breay, a schoolmaster and huntsman, refined them even further, using the best dogs of northern England. It is believed that all current Patterdale Terriers descend from dogs bred by Breay.
The Patterdale Terrier is more of a "type" rather than a "breed", being the result of a culmination of working terrier breeds indigenous to the United Kingdom. Patterdale Terrier Type dogs were bred by poachers across northern England. As well as others, for the hunting and dispatch of the red fox in the rocky fells around the Lake District, North West and North East of England where a traditional digging dog was not always of great use. Patterdale Terriers have also been used for illegal badger baiting in the UK.
The Patterdale was developed in the harsh environment in the north of England, an area unsuitable for arable farming and mostly too hilly for cattle. Sheep farming is the predominant farming activity on these hills. Since the fox is perceived by farmers as being predatory with respect to sheep and small farm animals, terriers are used for predator control. Unlike the dirt dens found in the hunt country of the south, the rocky dens found in the north do not allow much digging. As a consequence, the terrier needs to be able to bolt the fox from the rock crevice or dispatch it where it is found.
In 1873, the Patterdale and Matterdale hunts were combined to form the Ullswater Foxhounds, marking the beginning of a storied history for the Patterdale Terrier. In 1879, a young Joe Bowman, just 22 years old, was appointed master of the Ullswater, a position he held, with few interruptions, until 1924. Bowmanâs tenure was succeeded by Joe Wear, who led the Ullswater for the next 47 years. Bowman, who passed away in 1940, became one of the most renowned huntsmen of all time, even inspiring a song about his exploits.
Joe Bowman was an early breeder of Border Terriers and is credited with creating the Patterdale Terrier by crossing a blue-black Border Terrier with a black and tan Fell Terrier, also known as a working Lakeland Terrier. This crossbreeding aimed to produce a dog with the resilience and tenacity needed for the demanding work of the Ullswater Hunt.
The detailed history of the Patterdale Terrierâs origin was pieced together from various historical documents and a close reading of an appendix in Jocelyn Lucas' book, âHunt and Working Terriers.â Lucasâ book, published in 1931, notes that the United Hunt preferred a "Lakeland, Patterdale, from Joe Bowman strain (Ullswater kennels).
By the 1920s, the Patterdale Terrier had emerged as a distinct type, largely centered around the Ullswater Hunt and Joe Bowman. This period also saw the publication of Richard Claphamâs âFoxes, Foxhounds & Foxhuntingâ in 1923, which included a picture of Joe Bowman and a Patterdale Terrier. The breed name âPatterdaleâ was thus established by the early 20th century, just before the Border Terrier was standardized for the show ring.
As Bowmanâs involvement in dog breeding waned in the 1930s, Cyril Breay emerged as a significant breeder of Patterdale Terriers. Breay, who also started as a Border Terrier breeder, formed a pivotal friendship with Frank Buck, whose dogs descended from Joe Bowmanâs Ullswater Terriers. Together, Breay and Buck further developed and popularized the Patterdale Terrier, maintaining its status as a premier working dog.
Brian Nuttal began breeding Patterdales in the late 1950s, maintaining that his dogs closely resembled those his father kept in the 1930s. It is likely that Nuttalâs lineage traced back to Joe Bowmanâs original dogs, through either direct descent or intervening hands. By the time Nuttalâs father owned his dogs, the Patterdale Terrier was already recognized as a distinct and effective working breed.
The pioneering work of Joe Bowman in establishing the Patterdale strain, and the contributions of breeders like Cyril Breay, Frank Buck, and Brian Nuttal, have ensured the breedâs continuity and excellence. These breeders not only maintained the Patterdale as a working dog but also improved and stabilized its characteristics. While it is relatively easy to name a new breed, creating a following based on field performance is a significant achievement.
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