05/26/2025
Engagement is âcarrying power,â rather than âpushing powerâ.
A prerequisite for upward thrust/impulsion.â
[USDF Glossary of Judging Terms]
Engagement is about the weight carrying capacity of the hind legs, as opposed to the pushing power of the hind legs.
The feeling of the horse, properly engaged, is one of balance and lightness of the shoulders, so that he can perform the movement of whichever level he is at with ease and fluency. In other words, 80% of your results or outcomes actually come from just 20% of what you actually do.
When we talk about exercises; transitions, small circles, shoulder-in, the point is to have a clear objective at the start as to what we are doing and the effect we are trying to create.
For example, [the objective] in a downward transition is that the horse remains straight and takes his weight further back onto the hind legs.
Any transition should be a responsive reaction to an aid, the degree of response â the time it takes for a transition to happen â should depend on the stage of training of the horse. It is quite deliberate that at the lower levels train in such a way that transitions can be progressive as the horseâs balance at that stage does not allow too immediate a reaction.
With small circles, [the objective] is suppleness to bend without loss of the hindquarters, submission to the outside aids, and no loss of activity. Then, the circle itself helps produce more suppleness and engagement.
Engagement is so connected to the half-halt. It is where it comes from as the horseâs natural desire to go forward meets up with and accepts the half-halt. This in return has the effect of changing the horseâs balance.
With exercises to develop engagement, we should be using transitions, creating more and more desire to use the hind leg.
A lot of people donât get to engagement because they are so concerned about control. It happens most often at novice and elementary levels, riders want to feel in control, so they slow down, which is entirely the wrong step to take. You have to put the power in first, then control it with the half-halt. To do it you have to get through that wobbly feeling, before the balance and engagement is improved by the use of the half-halt, without being tempted to slow down.
It is a stepping stone to a different range of movement.
Once the horse accepts the half-halt, and his power is there with balance through engagement, suddenly it is a different horse.
Engagement has nothing to do with speed.
You can go wrong in another way and speed the horse out of balance, which creates similar problems at the other end of the scale.
What engagement is, is strength in the hind leg, a willingness to take weight back off the front end. When you see a really engaged extended trot, it is not fast. A full development of power, yet the horse is completely in balance, it is uphill.
At the moment you ask for more power, the horse should not try to run against the hand or contact. He should immediately improve his âliftâ and transform the extra power into height. As the weight is carried two-thirds on the hind end, it allows freedom in the shoulder. When you see a really top horse, it is almost as if he feeds himself in spring and lift.
In a transition from extended to collected and back to extended trot for example, as the horse comes out of collection, he should be able within two or three strides to open up to the full extension of his natural reach. When he comes back to collection, he should not âbreak upâ in front in his rhythm, that little shuffle you often see, but sit under as the front end comes back.
The whole thing should be like sliding a lever, in and out. You canât suddenly say âI want collection,â it is a very gradual process of developing transitions so the horse can come back without loss of power.
Young horses have to learn and develop ability to come back and at the same time increase the power in the hind leg â engagement. When that happens, collection is handed to you on a plate.
It is a gradual process.
It takes time to build the strength and to develop the full working capacity of the joints. The dressage horse is a mixture of gymnast and weight lifter.
Invariably your mind will add these;
âHow much [engagement] to ask for?â and âHave I got enough [engagement]?â questions.
There is no fixed measure, every horse is different, but if the horse is right in the basic way of going it should be completely up to you. It depends on feeling how much you can move the âsliding leverâ smoothly, not switching suddenly, but in one continuous movement with no hiccups.
Development is all about day to day regular work, maintenance work. If you can get the horse both forwards and reacting to the half-halt, everything will come from that.
Try this exercise to improve your dressage horse's responsiveness and hind end engagement!
Get your horse to step under himself by working on transitions on a 20m circle. The exact transitions youâll ride will of course, depend on the level of schooling that your horse has â but hereâs a good guideline.
Spend the first five minutes working on trot â âalmost walkâ â trot transitions. Pick up a working trot, then half halt and slow the trot down almost to a walk, before moving on to a working trot again. You want to do no more than three strides of the slower trot, but remember to use your seat and legs to slow him down rather than pulling on the reins. If you just pull, your horse will likely hollow his back, wonât step under himself and the following upwards transition will be sloppy.
Then, progress to trot-canter transitions, aiming to spend less than half a circle in canter before making a downward transition. Because downward transitions re-engage the horse you will find that the trot immediately following a good downward transition from canter is engaged, bouncy, and over the back.
Youâll know youâve got it right when it feels like a smooth upward transition to canter without changing the pace of the trot would be a piece of cake. More advanced horses can use walk-canter-walk transitions instead of trot.
Lateral work helps the horse to engage the inside hind when done correctly and also helps to develop an outside contact which allows for the horse to travel straight and bring his hindquarters underneath him.
Two exercises:
Exercise 1:
Trot large on the left rein. When you reach the F arena marker, ride a nose-to-wall leg yield until E. The ideal angle is 45 degrees. At E, change the bend to the inside and ride a 15m circle. Upon getting back to E from your circle, ride shoulder-in until M. Repeat on the other long side.
If your horse is very green, you can try this first in the walk, or focus on the nose to wall leg yield from F to M, only changing the bend back to the inside in the corner. You can also ride a diagonal line from A to a point between F and P to help set up the angle correctly for the leg-yield.
Exercise 2:
Trotting large, turn down the quarter line and ask for a few steps of either half pass or leg yield (depending on your horseâs level of schooling) towards the center line. After a few steps, straighten your horse up, ride a lengthened or medium trot across the diagonal over X, then half halt and ask for half pass or leg yield again. Repeat on the other rein.
This exercise has the effect of improving the medium trot too as the hind legs have to cross and come underneath the horseâs body. Remember to make sure that your horse is totally straight before asking for the medium trot to allow the hind legs to push evenly. Advanced horses can do this at the canter too.
The ideal way to spend the last 10 minutes of your session is with a bit of polework and a good stretch. Simple exercises such as four or five poles set up in a straight line or fan are incredible for getting your horse to flex the hocks, step underneath himself and develop engagement and expression.
Remember to work over the poles both ways if theyâre set up in a fan, so that your horse uses both sides of his body evenly.
Walking poles force the use to work his muscles as he canât use momentum to propel himself over the poles, and are a great way to develop an active and swinging free walk where the horse is loose over the back and soft in the contact.
âEngagement is defined as âincreased flexion of the lumbosacral joint and the joints of the hind leg during its weight
bearing (support) phase of the stride, thus lowering the croup relative to the forehand (âlightening the forehandâ).
Engagement is âcarrying power,â rather than âpushing powerâ. A prerequisite for upward thrust/impulsion.â
[USDF Glossary of Judging Terms]